1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

The growing possibility of projecting images from mobile devices has lead to the

emergence of a variety of applications, for projectors, from projecting images or videos stored on

a device to even utilizing hand and finger tracking to control an operating systems via simple

gestures captured from a camera. Currently, projectors’ limitations in resolution and brightness

have proven to be the biggest setbacks when comparing them to standard projectors. The idea of

utilizing multiple devices to collaboratively display either a tiled or super imposed display is a

viable solution to this issue, as the combined projection would allow the power of multiple

projectors to be used in achieving a seamless display. For this system to be practical on a mobile

level, calibration and synchronization must be achieved on the devices, rather than relying on an

external system (Zorian, 2012).

As cited in the study of Hang (2008), mobile phones are the first truly pervasive

interaction devices that are currently used for a huge variety of services and applications. When

used for interactions involving large amounts of information, a key limitation is the small screen

size. Typical examples include interaction with maps; managing, searching and watching

pictures and videos; browsing web pages and reading large documents. Optimization of user

interfaces for such applications has been the focus of many research projects in previous years.

Additionally, such projector phones will improve the usage of many applications and will lead to

new interaction techniques. The projected display has the advantages of a larger size and

potentially higher resolution when compared to the typical small screen of the mobile phone.
 2

However, there are still many open questions with regard to the high price of these standard

projectors. A high quality projector leads to highly interactive presentations. Highly interactive

presentations lead to high quality teaching and high quality teaching will result to excellent

students.
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Theory of Projection

By Shayok Gosh

Fig. 1:
The Schematic Diagram of the Theoretical Framework of the study.
 4

As the Theory of Projection of Shayok Gosh, the act of obtaining the image of an object is

termed “projection”. The image obtained by projection is known as a “view”. The figure or view

formed by joining, in correct sequence, the points at which these lines meet the plane is called

the projection of the object. In Engineering, 3- dimensional objects and structures are represented

graphically on a 2- dimensional media (e.g., paper, computer screen).

All projection theory is based on two variables:

 Line of sight

 Plane of projection

Line of sight

A line of sight is an imaginary ray of light between an observer’s eye and object.

Plane of Projection

A plane of projection (i.e, an image or picture plane) is an imaginary flat plane upon

which the image created by the line of sight is projected. The image is produced by connecting

the points where the lines of sight pierce the projection plane. In effect, 3-D object is transformed

into a 2-D representation,also called projections. The paper or computer screen on which a

drawing is created is a plane of projection.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUPUT

 The profile of the respondents  Brainstorming of the

in terms of name; age; strand; and appropriate respondents.
type of phone.  Formulation of the
questionnaire.
 The benefits associated with  Tallied the data and
having a Projectphone in presented the percentage
classrooms. composition in tables.
 Critical interpretation of
 The advantages of having a the data gathered.
Projectphone in a classroom.  Verifying the information
gathered.
 The extent of how a  Summarizing the
Projectphone is beneficial to the interpreted and verified
students in terms of discussion data based on the
problems presented in the
Projectphone
 Imposition of Grade XII study.
students of Villaflores College on  Drawing conclusions
using of mobile phones with  Presenting
integrated projectors usefulness for recommendations
their own satisfactory and
enjoyment.

 The knowledgeable
information gained by the Grade XII
students of Villaflores College on
using of mobile phones with
integrated projectors as a result of
the imposition on how useful the
Projectphone is.

Fig. 2:
A Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the study.
 6

The Conceptual Framework of the study which serves as the guide for researcher is here

presented.

The inputs of the study include the data gained from the participants through survey on

different aspect that may have the bigger possibility that affects the implementation of the

Projectphone. Next column are the process on how data were gathered, critical interpretation of

data gathered, verifying the overall results, findings and conclusions. Finally, based on the data

gathered, drawn conclusions and findings were made which leads to a successful implementation

of the Projectphone.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims to explore and test the effectiveness of the Projectphone as an integrated

projector using mobile phones.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Name (optional);

1.2 Age;

1.3 Strand; and

1.4 Type of phone?

2. What are the advantages of having a Projectphone in a classroom?

3. How effective is a Projectphone?

4. To what extent does Projectphone beneficial to the students in terms of discussion?

HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

Problem 1, 2 and 3 are hypothesis free for they don’t proposed explanation about a

phenomenon made on the basis of limited evidence. For problem 4, however temporarily

answers the problem which the researchers are intended to test and explore throughout the study.

The following stated below are the alternative and null hypothesis that are tested in the study.

Ha: Projectphone is indeed beneficial to the students in terms of discussion.

Ho: Projectphone is not beneficial to the students in terms of discussion.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers find it significant to study the Projectphone as an integrated projector using

mobile phones, for it is by which the researchers would be able to test, explore and discover the

effects it brings not just to the student’s present worth but for their future as well. The intent of

this study is to contribute to the overall knowledge and usefulness of the projectphone. This

study is significant for the students, teachers, parents and its school where they can benefit and

be aware of the improvement of mobile use and the freedom to make images bigger by using

Projectphone.

Moreover, through this study, the researchers will determine the benefits and advantages of a

Projectphone.

The study is beneficial to the following:

Students

This can reduce the issue of students taking down incorrect or irrelevant notes, which is

particularly useful when covering new or complex topics, as it ensures everybody has the same

(correct) foundations to refer back to. It is much easier to concentrate on something when you

are playing an active role. Up to 10 students can draw on an interactive projector screen at any

one time, making them ideal for increasing engagement via group projects and presentations.

When students are working together in front of the class, they are likely to take participation

more seriously. The result is that they stay engaged for longer. With the use of Projectphone in

the classroom, students can take better notes with the ability to discern what information the

teacher displays is most useful to them. Additionally, students can ask the teacher to repeat a

slide if they missed information.

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Teachers

Having never known a world without laptops and smartphones, today’s students are

digital natives. By welcoming technology into the classroom, teachers can take advantage of this

—benefitting from increased engagement and better learning retention as a result. Gone, are the

days of blackboards being filled up with quotations, maths equations and science diagrams.

Digital projectors are now paving the way seamlessly for teachers to concentrate on teaching and

for learners to effortlessly learn without the need to erase or have messy white chalk marks.

In the past, connecting projectors to computers used to require specialist knowledge of

connections and for training to be provided to teachers. Now, that Projectphone is created,

teachers, savvy or if they aren’t particularly savvy, can troubleshoot Projectphone if and when

problems occur.

Projectors release teachers from being bound to chalk and dry-erase boards to present

information to their students. With the use of projectors, teachers can now use films, slides, and

images to teach students about a variety of subjects. Teachers will also find that the Internet is

more useful since projectors can display web content to an entire class.

School

The school will be more conducive to learning for Projectphones are exquisite in appearance

but is a low cost product and it doesn’t use electricity so they won’t be minding electric

bill.Before projectors became so common in the classroom, teachers would have to get into class

early to write up notes, and constantly erase and rewrite content on the board as the lesson

progressed. These regular disruptions often caused students to lose interest, or start chatting

among themselves as they waited for the next part of the lesson. Then, more time would be
 10

wasted on classroom management.

Now, teachers can plan presentations and exercises in advance, use them for multiple student

groups, and share them with other teachers. This greatly reduces the admin burden, and makes it

easier to stay organised — both inside the classroom and out.

Parents

Projectphone is budget free integrated projector. It does not use electricity so parents

won’t worry on paying too much.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study is focused and limited only on 30 respondents from the Grade XII students of

Villaflores College with regard to Projectphone as the study of using mobile phones as an

integrated projector. The researchers will give sets of questionnaire that needed to be answered

and test the Projectphone by having a prototype.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This study is based on the various materials which have been read in order to determine the

relevance to the present study. The sources in this study are composed of published and

unpublished studies. The published sources preceded the unpublished sources and are presented

under two headings: (1) Related Literature (foreign settings) and (2) Related Studies (foreign

settings).

RELATED LITERATURE

Projector phones are now currently used for a huge variety of services and applications when

used for interactions involving large amount of information, a key limitation is the small screen

size. A study was performed to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of using a projector in

this context. The study also explored whether the mobile phone screen should be switched off

when using the projector or whether it is better to use both displays. The majority considered the

idea of a built-in projector in a mobile phone as an interesting issue. Many applications such as

photo, video or web browsing that used to touch the screen. Touching the screen of the phone is

a waste of time; they need improvement to able to next without touching the screen.

(citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?aoi=10.11.142.3901&rep=rep1&ippe=pdf)

According to Cowan (2011) phones with integrated Pico projectors are starting to be marketed as

devices for business presentations and media viewing, and researchers are beginning to design

projection-specific applications and interaction techniques to explore a broader array of possible

uses. In their analysis, they consider how context, such as group size, relationships, and
 12

locale, influences projector phone use. A key observation is that users can readily exploit the

new facilities of these devices to author interesting effects by employing representational

techniques such as superimposition, scaling, translation, and motion. Thus, even the ‘‘basic’’

projector phone platform affords novel interaction modalities. Finally, they discuss the social

implications of projector phone use for privacy and control, extrapolating from their observations

to envision a future in which these devices are ubiquitous. With ubiquity, projector phone use

may become problematic in public settings, motivating new rules of etiquette and perhaps laws,

yet it may also engender new forms of creative expression.

RELATED STUDIES

According to the Study of Android‐Based Multi‐Projector Mobile System that as mobile

technology continues to increase its role in the world’s day‐to‐day activity, hand‐held devices

such as smart phones and tablets are becoming increasingly commonplace within corporate

offices and meetings. These devices contain sufficient storage capacity and operating units to

handle presentation material, yet their mobile design leaves little space to incorporate projection.

Pico projectors hold a promising role in the future of mobile display, allowing imaging

projection from handheld devices to be accomplished on a level small enough to be integrated on

the ever‐minimizing mobile platform.

Related study from Hang (2008) aimed to present first working prototypes of mobile

phones with integrated Pico projectors have already been demonstrated and it is expected that

such projector phones will be sold within the next three years. Applications that require

interaction with large amounts of information will benefit from the large projection and its high
 13

solution. This study analysis the advantages and disadvantages of an integrated projector when

interacting with maps, and discusses findings useful the development of mobile application for

projector phones they report in particular the implementation of an application that uses either

the screen of the mobile phone, the projection or a combination of both.

Three options were compared in a user study in which the participants had to perform these

different tasks with each option. The results provide clear evidence or the positive aspects of

using a built-in projector, but also how some negative aspects related input.

(citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?aoi=10.11.142.3901&rep=rep1&ippe=pdf)

FOREIGN LITERATURE AND FOREIGN STUDIES

According to Cowan (2011) phones with integrated projector and starting to be marketed as

devices for business presentations and media viewing and researchers are beginning to design

projection specific application and interaction techniques to explore a broader array of possible

user. Projector phones are being marketed primarily to business consumer for presentation and

ad hoc meetings. Using this projector phones, users can readily exploit the new facilities of these

devices to author interesting effects by employing representational techniques such as

superimposition, sealing, translation and motion.

Projector phones amazing capabilities came from three core design elements. First, a

direction-sensing array of microphones covers distinct segments or the total meeting space,

allowing the projector phone to know where a meeting participant is located. Second, an array of

high quality speakers is also included as part of each projector phone system, delivering
 14

complete audio input and output in a single deuce. Third, advanced logic is built into each

projector phone’s security, sorting out the managing all of the information and speakers.

The projector phone carries an array of highly sensitive directional microphones turned to

focus on human range sounds. It knows the direction of human voices in a room and delivers that

information to its advance logic processor. This capability makes the projector phone a useful

addition to new or existing video conferencing installations. Projector phones are available in a

number of configurations for applications from small office audio conferencing to high-end

board room video conferencing versions support USB, Ethernet, analogue phone and direct

analogue audio connections. There’s a projector phone designed to meet your conferencing

needs. The benefits of this kind of projector phone are adaptive echo cancelling, noise reduction

and direction-sensing microphone arrays. Finally, we discuss the social implications of projector

phone use for privacy and control, extrapolating from our observations to envision a future in

which these devices are ubiquitous.

As mobile technology continues to increase its role in the world’s day‐to‐day activity,

hand‐held devices such as smart phones and tablets are becoming increasingly commonplace

within corporate offices and meetings. These devices contain sufficient storage capacity and

operating units to handle presentation material, yet their mobile design leaves little space to

incorporate projection. Pico projectors hold a promising role in the future of mobile display,

allowing imaging projection from handheld devices to be accomplished on a level small enough

to be integrated on the ever‐minimizing mobile platform.

Though their small size makes them ideal for use with handheld devices, pico projectors

are currently under scrutiny for their insufficient display brightness. This deficiency makes them

impractical for daily use, as their displays cannot be effective in normally lit rooms. Recent
 15

advances in hardware have enabled researchers to study mobile phones with attached Pico

projectors. The system projects buddies’ locations onto paper maps, leveraging the phones’

location-sensing capabilities and large projected displays. Greaves and Rukzio comparatively

evaluated mobile phone screens and projected displays for photograph browsing tasks, users

preferred projector-based over phone-based interaction. They also developed a framework for

collaborative media viewing and sharing with projector phones. Shadow Puppets system

explored using shadow gestures for collocated collaborative interaction with projected displays

of mobile devices. Users cannot only carry projector phones from place to place; they can readily

position and orient projected information during interactions. With a handheld projector, users

can adjust the orientation of the display by simply moving their hand. In contrast, a larger

projector typically remains in a fixed position while in use.

Surface

The projection surface(s), including all elements within the projector’s beam, adds a

physical dimension to the projected content. The surface has material properties, such as texture,

colour, and geometry, which determine how it reflects light and add tangibility to digital content.

Throw distance and display size

The distance from the projector to the surface determines the size of the projected

display, which can scale far beyond the size of the phone’s LCD screen. With increasing throw

distance, the size of the projection increases and the brightness decreases. The size of a projected

image can represent its actual or metaphorical importance, quantity, or size. The display size can

be adjusted directly and tangibly by moving the projector toward or away from the surface, e.g.,
 16

by moving one’s hand, walking, or pointing the projector toward a nearer or farther surface. On

an ordinary display such as a phone’s screen, as you enlarge an image beyond the size of the

display it is clipped. In contrast, when you enlarge a projected image by increasing the throw

distance, the entire image gets bigger. A change in size can represent literal or figurative growth

or reduction or indicate a change in emphasis.

Visibility

Users can dynamically adjust the visibility of the projected display and its source. While

projecting, users can hide specific information or interactions, such as browsing for content, by

occluding the projector–turning it off, covering it with a hand, or averting it with a simple hand

motion. The ease and directness of showing or hiding the projected display is a novel feature of

personal projection (Cowan, 2011).

Usage of Projection and Mobile Phone Display

The results show that participants preferred to use both display when considering

simplicity, comfortableness, enjoyment and perceived speed. With this in mind, the use of both

displays when developing future applications for mobile phones with built-in projectors should

be considered. A context switch occurs when the user’s view shifts from the projection to the

mobile phone and vice versa and typically occurs when the user has to check what to type using

the keypad on the mobile phone. At this point, the user’s focus is no longer directed towards the

projection and the current context with regards to the key pressed is lost. This highlights the

importance of the mobile phones display in terms of providing and enabling the user to see the

current application context. This can be done in a very simple way by just showing the same
 17

information on the mobile phone screen as on the projection. However, this is not the optimal

solution as the resolution of the projection could potentially be higher than that of the mobile

phone display. An intermediate solution has to be found which should be designed, analyzed and

evaluated in more detail in future work.

Applications

As already expected and confirmed by the feedback of the participants, certain

applications have been identified that could benefit of the usage of a embedded projectors in

mobile phones and others which will not. These applications include those that require and

visualize a great amount of detailed information, these including maps, web browsing, document

viewing, picture browsing, and video playing. On the other hand, projection is not always

necessary, for example when making phone calls or when the user wishes to view private

information. Finally, several participants mentioned that the projector would potentially provide

several distinct advantages in a group based scenario, specifically including scenarios that

involve group based tour planning or showing pictures viewing with friends (Hang, 2008).

CHAPTER III
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METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH AND PROCEDURES

METHODS OF RESEARCH/ RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers use a descriptive-survey and a questionnaire was chosen for the research

study to gather information and explore opinions and experience of the involved participants in

the study. This approach will give the researchers flexible and concrete data obtained from the

questionnaire coming from the respondents. The researchers received that this kind of approach

in the study is suited due to its data and involvement of the researchers in gathering data. The

research requires a careful through questionnaire for them to understand the importance of the

study.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers used a questionnaire to collect data and informations.

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

The study was conducted on Villaflores College, Barangay 8, Legaspi Street, Tanjay City,

where the Grade XII students were interviewed.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

The respondents of the study are the thirty Grade XII students of Villaflores College. The

researchers will show or present this study and share information about Projectphone.
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Respondent has a big role in completing the study. They can add or share information about the

study for the improvement.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The researchers use clustered sampling as a technique in collecting data and information

from the respondents. The researchers chose clustered respondents from the total respondents, in

which all students have a chance to be chosen by the researchers.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

This portion contains instruments or directions on how researchers gathered the data and how

they answer each of the problems of the study.

1. At the first step of gathering the data, researchers asked for relevant information

relative to the population under study.

2. Upon the approval of the formal request by the Senior High Department principal

of Villaflores College, the researcher started gathering data.

3. After gathering the essential data, the researcher scrutinized the raw data and

prepared the tables for the analyses.

4. To answer problems 1, 2, 3, and 4 on the profile of the respondents, the researcher

tallied the data and presented the percentage composition in tables.

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STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

For numerical analysis of the respondents’ profile, the frequency distribution was

obtained. Below is the formula used in computing for the relative frequency in each distribution:

rf = f x 100/N

Where:

Rf = relative frequency in percent

f = frequency

N = total frequency.

On the other hand, the extent of the benefits of Projectphone for the students in terms of

discussion, the advantages of having a Projectphone in a classroom, and the effectiveness of a

Projectphone, the following was the formula used for the calculation of the weighted mean:

Wx = ∑ fw/N

Where:

∑ = summation sign

Wx = weighted mean

f = frequency

w = weight

N = number of respondents.

For facility in the interpretation of the findings involving weighted means, the researchers used

the following guides:

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1. For Problem No.2 and No.4

Weight Rate Description

4 3.50-4.00 Strongly Agree

3 2.50-3.49 Agree

2 1.50-2.49 Disagree

1 0-1.49 Strongly Disagree

2. For Problem No. 3

Weight Rate Description

4 3.50-4.00 Very Effective

3 2.50-3.49 Effective

2 1.50-2.49 Less Effective

1 0-1.49 Ineffective

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Projectphone- is invented by the researchers, which is an integrated projector but differs in

the materials that are being used and does not necessary to use electricity.

Android phone- it is a device that is attached in the Projectphone. It is also the source of

projection.
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Magnifying glass (called a hand lens in laboratory contexts) - is a convex lens that is used to

produce a magnified image of an object.

Mirror- is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident light in some range of

wavelengths, the reflected light preserves many or most of the detailed physical characteristics of

the original light.

Bolt barrel-a barrel, cask, or tun is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of

wooden staves bound by wonden or metal hoops.

Paint- is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in

a thin layer, converts to a solid film.

Plastic pipe- is a hollow pipe that is used as small tunnel for water or any liquid form.

Nail- is a metal that is used in building houses, cabinets, tables, etc. It is used with a hammer.

Glue stick- is a kind of glue that is used to keep things together. It can be used using either a

glue gun or a lit candle.

Magnifying glass- it is used to increase the size of the image, video and text of the phone.

Mirror- it is used as a reflector in the projection.

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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and the interpretation of the data gathered which are

presented both in tabular form and arranged based on the sequence of the specific problems

asked. Each presentation is arranged with an illustration of a table and followed by the textual

interpretation.

Table 1.1

Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to Age

AGE Frequency (f) Percentage (%)

17 5 16.67

18 21 70.00

19 3 10.00

20 1 3.33

TOTAL 30 100.00

The results indicate that there were 16.67 % or 5 respondents aging 17; 70 % or 21

respondents aging 18; 10 % or 3 respondents aging 19; and 3.33 % or 1 respondent aging 20.

Table 1.2

Profile of the Respondents according to Strand

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STRAND Frequency (f) Percentage (%)

STEM 16 53.33
HE 14 46.67
TOTAL 30 100.00

In table 1.2, 53.33 % or 16 respondents were from the Science, Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics strand (STEM) strand and 46.67 % or 14 respondents were from the Home

Economics (HE) strand.

Table 1.3

Profile of the Respondents according to Type of Phone

TYPE OF PHONE Frequency (f) Percentage (%)

ANDROID 30 100
TOTAL 30 100

The table above shows that 100% or 30 respondents have an Android phone which is

very compatible to the Projectphone.

The next table is the percentage distribution of responses relative to the benefits of the

Projectphone.

Table 2

Percentage Distribution of Responses Relative to the Advantages of the Projectphone

4 3 2 1 Weighted Description
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Mean
1. Better use of
2 18 10 0 2.73 Agree
class time
2. Greater

teaching 0 23 7 0 2.77 Agree

versatility
3. Better student
2 22 6 0 2.87 Agree
presentations
4. Simple to
8 22 0 0 3.27 Agree
introduce
5. Space sparing 6 23 1 0 3.17 Agree
6. When it

comes to usage
8 22 0 0 3.27 Agree
it requires

minimal effort
7. Biggest

conceivable 3 19 18 0 2.63 Agree

picture
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.96 Agree
The table shows the responses of the respondents when it comes to the advantages of the

Projectphone. The first question, 2 respondents rated 4, 18 respondents rated 3, 10 respondents

rated 2, and 0 respondents rated 1 with a weighted mean of 2.73 or a verbal description of

“Agree”. Question number 2; 0 respondents rated 4, 23 respondents rated 3, 7 respondents rated

2, and 0 respondent rated 1 with a weighted mean of 2.77 or a verbal description of “Agree”.

Question number 3, 2 respondents rated 4, 22 respondents rated 3, 6 respondents rated 2, and 0

respondent rated 1 with a weighted mean of 2.87 or a verbal description of “Agree”. Question

number 4, 8 respondents rated 4, 22 respondents rated 3, 0 respondent rated 2 and 1 with a

 26

weighted mean of 3.27 or a verbal description of “Agree”. Question number 5, 6 respondents

rated 4, 23 respondents rated 3, 1 respondent rated 2, and 0 respondent rated 1 with a weighted

mean of 3.17 or a verbal description of “Agree”. Question number 6, 8 respondents rated 4, 22

respondents rated 3, and 0 respondents rated 2 and 1 with a weighted mean of 10.38 or a verbal

description of “Agree’. Question number7, 3 respondents rated 4, 19 respondents rated 3,18

respondents rated 2, and 0 respondent rated 1 with a weighted mean of 2.63 or a verbal

description of ”Agree”.

The composite mean, is 2.96 or a verbal description of “Agree”. Which means that all the

respondents agrees that Projectphone better use of class time, greater teaching versatility, makes

better presentations, simple to introduce, space sparing, and when it comes to usage it requires

minimal effort.. Projector phones will improve the usage of many applications and will lead to

new interaction techniques. The projected display has the advantages of a larger size and

potentially higher resolution when compared to the typical small screen of the mobile phone.

However, there are still many open questions with regards to the effects imposed on the battery

life of the mobile device. Secondly, the brightness of the embedded projector when compared to

currently available projectors is also a concern (Cowan, 2011).

Table 3

Distribution Percentage of Responses Relative to the Effectiveness of the Projectphone

Weighted
Question 4 3 2 1 Description
Mean

How effective is
3 25 2 0 3.03 Effective
a Projectphone?

COMPOSITE MEAN 3.03 Effective

 27

The table shows the effectiveness of the Projectphone. 3 respondents rated 4, 25

respondents rated 3, 2 respondents rated 2, and 0 respondent rated 1 with a weighted mean if

3.03 or a verbal description of “Effective”. Its composite mean is 3.03 which meant that

Projectphone is very effective in viewing images, texts, and videos about educational lessons.

The users can readily exploit the new facilities of these devices to author interesting effects by

employing representational techniques such as superimposition, scaling, translation, and motion.

In addition, Projector phone use for etiquette, privacy, and control, highlighting potential

benefits, risks, and failure modes. In order to ensure that the observed projector phone uses arose

naturally, the study imposed minimal constraints on the users (Hang, 2008).

Table 4

Percentage Distribution of Responses Relative to the Benefits of the Projectphone

Weighted
Questions 4 3 2 1 Description
Mean
1. More

efficient note- 2 23 5 0 2.90 Agree

taking
2. Interactive 5 21 4 0 3.03 Agree

presentation
 28

keep student

engaged
3. Low price or
16 14 0 0 3.53 Strongly Agree
budget free
4. Easy to

connect to a 21 9 0 0 3.70 Strongly Agree

mobile phone

5. User-friendly 13 17 0 0 3.43 Agree

COMPOSITE MEAN 3.32 Agree

As depicted in the table above, there are 5 questions. The first question 2 respondents

rated 4, 23 respondents rated 3, 5 respondents rated 2 and 0 respondent rated 1 with a weighted

mean of 2.90 or a verbal description of “Agree” . In question number 2, 5 respondents rated 4, 21

respondents rated 3, 4 respondents rated 2 and 0 respondent rated 1 with a weighted mean of

3.03 or a verbal description of “Agree”. In question number 3, 16 respondents rated 4, 14

respondents rated 3, 0 respondents rated 2 and 1 with a weighted mean of 3.53 or a verbal

description of “Strongly Agree”. In question number 4, 21 respondents rated 4, 9 respondents

rated 3, 0 respondents rated 2 and 1 with a weighted mean of 3.70 or a verbal description of

“Strongly Agree”. In question number 5, 13 respondents rated 4, 17 respondents rated 3, 0

respondents rated 2 and 1 with a weighted mean of 3.43 or a verbal description of “Agree”. It has

a composite mean of 3.32 or a verbal description of “Agree”.

Such projector phones will improve the usage of many applications and will lead to new

interaction techniques. The projected display has the advantages of a larger size and potentially

higher resolution when compared to the typical small screen of the mobile phone. In general, the

interaction techniques using projection gained better results than the mobile phone-only. The
 29

participants felt that it was easier to use the projection interaction techniques than the mobile

phone. As a result the participants were able to complete the tasks quicker when compared to the

mobile phone, and in addition felt more comfortable when using the projector. (Hang, 2008).
 30

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Findings

From the data gathered and interpreted, the findings are summarized below:

1. On the Profile of the Respondents

1.1 According to their age

Out of thirty respondents, there are 16.67 percent or five respondents aging

seventeen; 70 percent or twenty- one respondents aging eighteen; 10 percent or three

respondents aging nineteen; and 3.33 percent or one respondent aging twenty.

1.2 According to their strand

Out of thirty respondents, there are 53.33 percent or sixteen respondents coming from

the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) strand and 46.67

percent or fourteen respondents coming from the Home Economics (HE) strand.

1.3 Type of phone used

Results point out that all of the respondents have an android phone (100%).

2. Advantages of the Projectphone

Findings disclosed that the Projectphone has a better use in class time. Projectphone also

has greater teaching versatility, it makes better presentations, it is simple to introduce,

and when it comes to usage it requires minimal effort.

3. Effectiveness of the Projectphone

The researchers found out that Projectphone is effective.

4. Benefits of Projectphone
 31

Results disclosed that projectphone is indeed beneficial to the students when it comes to

note-taking, interactive presentation; it is also helpful for it is budget free, it is easy to

connect and it is user friendly.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the research study, the conclusions were drawn. By welcoming

technology into the classroom, teachers and students can take advantage of this —benefitting

from increased engagement and better learning retention as a result. Most of the Grade XII

students are under the strand of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

and Home Economics (HE). They agreed that using Projectphone is beneficial to them, in which

it is more efficient in note-taking where this can reduce the issue of students taking down

incorrect or irrelevant notes, which is particularly useful when covering new or complex topics,

as it ensures everybody has the same (correct) foundations to refer back to. Furthermore,

majority of the students also agreed that Projectphone has the greater teaching versatility and

space sparring that can be resulted that students will take participation more seriously in class.

Additionally, majority of the students of STEM and HE agreed that Projectphone is really

helpful to teachers in viewing images, text and videos about educational lessons to concentrate

on teaching, then, no more time would be wasted on classroom management. Because of

Projectphone teachers can also plan presentations and exercises in advance. This greatly reduces

the admin burden, and makes it easier to stay organised — both inside the classroom and out.

Therefore, the researchers concluded that Projectphone is an effective tool in classroom

discussion based on the data gathered. This is greatly helpful to the students for they can gain
 32

new and enough knowledge, excel in academic activities and effortlessly learn for the future use.

Therefore the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are

presented:

1. Findings of this study may be used to identify appropriate methods and strategies to

have a great teaching versatility.

2. Teachers must use projector such as projectphone, to have an interactive presentation.

3. Students must be responsible in using their technology such as their mobile phones, to

not just use it with pure entertainment but also use it to their educational benefits.

4. A follow-up study should be conducted as to relate new materials and things which

can help improve and enhance the development of the Projectphone.

 33

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Application, Technology & Products Market (2010). “Pico Projectors”. Retrieved

January 2, 2017 from http://marketsand markets.com

Dredge, S. (20016). “Nokia World: Fancy a 100GB mobile phone with a built-in

projector”. Retrieved January 2, 2017 from

http://www.techdigest.tv/2006/11/nokia_world_fan.html

Miles, S. CES (2008). “3M create mini projector for mobile phones”. Retrieved January

2, 2017 from http://www.pocketlint.co.uk/news/news.phtml/11967/12991/3M-mini-

projectormobile phones.phtml

Mira, A.Q. (March, 2005). “Effectiveness of the Teaching Strategies Employed by the

Secondary School Teachers and the Problems Encountered in Mapeh Instruction,

Pamplona District, Division of Negros Oriental , SY 2011-2012: Basis for an Action

Plan”. Villaflores College, Tanjay City.

“Projector phone a study of using mobile phones with integrated projector for interaction

with maps”. Retrieved January 3, 2017 from

http://www.reserach.lansacs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/projector-phone-a-study-of-

using-mobile-phones-with-integrated-projector-for-interaction-with-maps (dcf87d66-

7679-4eed-915c-896ba74f3f3).html

Tao, F.A. (March 2012). “Status of Mathematics Instruction among the Private

Secondary Schools in Tanjay City SY 2004-2005”. Villaflores College, Tanjay City.

 34

QUESTIONNAIRE

Projectphone: A Study of Using Integrated Projector

Dear Respondents,

Please accomplish this questionnaire very carefully and honestly. Rest assured that any

information you supply will be treated with the greatest confidentiality and anonymity.

Direction Part I. Please provide correct information being asked for. Please do not leave

any unanswered item.

Part I. Personal Profile

Name: ___________________________ Strand: _____

(Family Name) (First Name) (MI) Type of phone: _____

Age:

Part II. Please check the column that corresponds to your choice.

A. Advantages of a Projectphone

Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Advantages Agree Disagree
(3) (2)
(4) (1)
1. Better use of a class time
2. Greater teaching versatility
3. Better student presentations
4. Simple to introduce
5. Space sparing
6. When it comes to usage it requires
minimal effort
7. Biggest conceivable picture

B. Effectiveness level of the Projectphone

QUESTION Very effective Effective Less effective Ineffective

(4) (3) (2) (1)
 35

How effective
is a
projectphone?

C. Benefits of a Projectphone

Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Benefits Agree Disagree
(3) (2)
(4) (1)

1. More efficient note-taking

5. Interactive presentation keep
student engaged

6. Low price or budget free

7. Easy to connect to a mobile
phone
8. User- friendly

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: James Niño T. Catacutan

 36

Date of birth: January 21, 1996

Age: 22

Place of birth: Dumaguete city

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Home Address: Obogon Tanjay City

Recent Address: Obogon Tanjay City

Name of Mother: Melba T. Catacutan

Occupation: Housewife

Age: 43

Name of Father: Jimmy C. Catacutan

Occupation: Deceased

Age: N/A

Educational attainment

Elementary: Obogon Elementary School

Secondary

Junior High: Villaflores College

Senior High: Villaflores College

Name: Neil Ryan T. Culi

Date of birth: October 13, 1999

Age: 18
 37

Place of birth: San Isidro, Tanjay City

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Home Address: San Isidro, Tanjay City

Recent Address: San Isidro, Tanjay City

Name of Mother: Elisa T. Culi

Occupation: Dress Maker

Age: 59

Name of Father: Carlito O. Culi

Occupation: None

Age: 58

Educational attainment

Elementary: Jose Rotea Memorial High School

Secondary

Junior High: Villaflores College

Senior High: Villaflores College

Name: John Michael Vincent Z. Duran

Date of birth: May 18, 2000

Age: 17
 38

Place of birth: Tanjay City Negros Oriental

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Home Address: Pancil Obogon Tanjay City Negros Oriental

Recent Address: Pancil Obogon Tanjay City Negros Oriental

Name of Mother: Aurelia Z. Duran

Occupation: Housewife

Age: 55

Name of Father: Bernard F. Duran

Occupation: Carpenter

Age: 60

Educational attainment

Elementary: Obogon Elementary School

Secondary:

Junior High: Villaflores College

Senior High: Villaflores College

Name: Jomari Aguilar Oliveros

Date of birth: June 14, 1999

Age: 18
 39

Place of birth: Obogon, Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Home Address: Luca, Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Recent Address: Obogon Tanjay City Negros Oriental

Name of Mother: Jocelyn A. Oliveros

Occupation: Housewife

Age: 51

Name of Father: Joel A. Oliveros

Occupation: Farmer

Age: 52

Educational attainment

Elementary: Luca Elementary School

Secondary:

Junior High: Luca High School

Senior High: Villaflores College

Name: Queenie Banico Palapar

Date of birth: August 17, 1987

Age: 18
 40

Place of birth: Poblacion, Pamplona, Negros Oriental

Gender: Female

Civil Status: Single

Home Address: Poblacion, Pamplona, Negros Oriental

Recent Address: Poblacion, Pamplona, Negros Oriental

Name of Mother: Marittes B. Palapar

Occupation: Housewife

Age: 45

Name of Father: Eglecerio B.Palapar

Occupation: Deceased

Age: N/A

Educational attainment

Elementary: Pamplona Central Elementary School

Secondary

Junior High: Pamplona National High School

Senior High: Villaflores College

Name: Jude Kevin C. Rodriguez

Date of birth: March 23, 1998

Age: 19
 41

Place of birth: Hacuton, Mamburao, Pamplona, Negros Oriental

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Home Address: Hacuton, Mamburao, Pamplona, Negros Oriental

Recent Address: Hacuton, Mamburao, Pamplona, Negros Oriental

Name of Mother Sherly C. Rodriguez

Occupation: Buy and Sell Business

Age: 43

Name of Father: Eddie L. Rodriguez

Occupation: Buy and Sell Business

Age: 41

Educational attainment

Elementary: Mamburao Elementary School

Secondary:

Junior High: Graciano Banogon Sr. Memorial High School

Senior High: Villaflores College

Name: Gerald A. Torres

Date of birth: November 5, 1999

Age: 18
 42

Place of birth: Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Home Address: Obogon, Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Recent Address: Obogon, Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Name of Mother: Germaline A. Torres

Occupation: Housewife

Age: 32

Name of Father: Rene C. Torres

Occupation: Job Order

Age: 65

Educational attainment

Elementary: Tanjay City South Central School

Secondary

Junior High: Villaflores College

Senior High: Villaflores College

Name: Jheseihie A. Tuco

Date of birth: February 24, 2000

Age: 18
 43

Place of birth: Bumanglag Clinic, Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Gender: Female

Civil Status: Single

Home Address: Brgy. 4, Catiao-tiao, Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Recent Address: Brgy. Jugno, Amlan, Negros Oriental

Name of Mother: Erlinda A. Tuco

Occupation: Housewife

Age: 62

Name of Father: Jeremias T. Tuco

Occupation: Farmer

Age: 62

Educational attainment

Elementary: Tambacan Elementary School

Secondary

Junior High: Tanjay High School (Legislated)

Senior High: Villaflores College

SUMMARY REPORT

MATERIALS

 Plywood  Plastic pipe

 44

 Monopod  Magnifying glass

 Bolt barrel  Glue stick
 Paint (Black and Brown)  Nails
 Mirror

PROCEDURE

1. Prepare the needed materials.

2. Measure the materials needed.
3. Combine the plywood according to their size and texture.
4. Paint the inner part of the plywood box by using black and brown paint.
5. Position the magnifying glass at the front view of the Projectphone.
6. Place the mirror at exactly 45 degrees at the opposite side of the magnifying glass.
7. Fixed the barrel bolt to hold the monopod just right above the mirror. The purpose of the
monopod is to hold the mobile phone at its right place.
8. Cut at least 5 inches of the plywood to create an opening in where you can put your
mobile phone easily.
9. Lastly cut a plastic pipe for the stand in order to have better position.

EXPENSES

Materials Price
 Magnifying glass P 63.00
 Mirror P 10.00
 Bolt barrel P 10.00
 Paint (Black and Brown) P 110.00
 Plastic pipe P 60.00
 Nails (2g) P 20.00
 Glue stick (5pcs) P 20.00
TOTAL P 293.00

Blueprint/ Picture
45