In mountain areas where plenty of water is available, Pelton turbines are often designed

with two to maximum six injectors. For the generator the minimum number of pole pairs

is limited to 2. For Nominal Operation, km = 0.47. Cn =0.97

The head, H, is based on the head of water of Binaytuan Falls which is about 200 m

from LLDA PDMED. The desired Power is about 200kW.

P ti = ρ×g×H×Q ×Cn2

200000
Q=
1000×9.81× 0.972 ×200

Q=0.1083 m 3 /s

Calculation of turbine rotational speed;

3 3
nq × H 4 0.12× 2004 60
n= n= = 38.8 P> N
√ Q/z jet √ 0.1083/4

60
P= =1. 5 ≈ 2
3 8.8

(60)
N>
P

(60)
N= = 3 0rps≈1 8 00 rpm
2

Calculation of specific speed,

n× √Q /z jet
nq = 3
4
H
 30 × √ 0.1083/3
nq = 3
=0 .107 rps
4
200

Calculation of the pelton wheel diameter;

0.46 √2gH
D=
πn

0.46 √2×9.81×200
D= =0. 30 0 m≈ 30 0 mm
π( 3 0)

Calculation for the diameter of jet;

π d o2
Q= × zo ×Cn × √ 2gH
4

π do 2
0.1083= × 4 ×0.97× √ 2(9.81)(200)
4

d o =0.0 2 4 m ≈ 2 4 mm

Calculation of water jet velocity through the nozzle

Vi =Cn × √ 2gH

Vi =0.97× √ 2(9.81)(200) =60.76 m/s

Calculation for tangential velocity;

πDN
u=
60
 π ( 0. 30 m ) (1 8 00)
u=
60

u=28.27 m/s

Jet ratio,m

D
m=
do

300 mm
m= = 10.71
28 mm

Number of buckets;

Z=0.5m+15

Z=0.5 (10.71 ) +15= 21 buckets

Bucket dimensions for Pelton turbine;

Item Formula Value

Bucket Length, L 2.79 do 66.96 mm
Bucket width, B 3.4 do 81.6 mm
Notch Depth, S 0.5325 do 12.78 mm
Notch Width, M 1.36 do 32.64 mm
Bucket Depth, E 1 do 24 mm
Bucket Height, A 2.125do 51 mm
Dimension of bucket based on jet diameter
Design of Nozzle

Nozzle outlet diameter;

Qsin α
d1=
√ 2.66μCn √ H

The nozzle outlet diameter, d1 must be within the range (1.2 ~ 1.25)d0. The efflux

coefficient, μ is between 0.8 and 0.88. Assume, μ = 0.84 and α = 80º.

0.1083sin80°
d1=
√ 2.66(0.84)(0.97) √ 200
=0.059 m≈60 mm

Nozzle dimension

Item Values Result

s 0.88d 1 52.8 mm
r 1.35d 1 81 mm
x 1.63d 1 97.8 mm
R 5.02d 1 301.2 mm
 D1 2.9d 1 174 mm
e 0.67d 1 40.2 mm
c 0.06d 1 3.6 mm
I 4.12d 1 247.2 mm

The expression for water flow rate through the nozzle is given as:

Qn = V i × Ai

Q n =60.76×π× .028 2

Q n =0 .150 m 3 /s

Calculation of bucket’s distance between the radius center of mass to the center of the

runner:

The radius of bucket center of mass to the center of the runner is given as:

R br =0.47× D r
R br =0.47×0.30=0.14 1 m

Calculation of the force on each bucket

F d = ρω× Q n × V j2

F d =1000×0. 150 ×60.76 2

F d = 553.77 KN

The require Force in each bucket is:

F dr = Fd ×Factor of Safety

F dr =553.77 kN×3.5= 1938.18 kN

Calculation for shaft diameter:

1.77×106 ×P
ds=
√
3

1.77×106 ×200
ds=
√
3

18 00
= 58.15 mm

Hydraulic Efficiency

π ( 0. 30 m ) (1 8 00)
u=
60

u=28.27 m/s

2 ( V 1 + V w ) ×u
nh =
V 12
V r = V i -u=60.76-28.27 =3 2.49

V w = V r cos ∅ -u=3 2.49 cos20-28. 27 = 2.26 m/s

2 (60.76+ 2.26 ) ×2 8.27

nh = = 96. 52 %
60.762

Mechanical Efficiency

power at the shaft of the turbine

nm =
power delivered by water to the runner

2ρQ(V i  - u)u
nm =
ρghQ

2×1000×0.1083(60.76- 28 .27 )×28 .27

nm = ×100= 93 .63 %
1000×9.81×200×0.1083

Overall efficiency:

no = nm × nh

n o =0.9363 ×0.9 6 52= 90. 37 %