The

Science
Technology
What is Science?
It originally came from the Latin word ‘Scientia’
which meant knowledge, a knowing, expertness,
or experience. By the late 14th century,
science meant collective knowledge.
What is Technology?
Came from 2 Greek words:
'techne’ ( Skill, craftsmanship, art)
&‘logos’ (Discourse, reason)
It is a human attempt
to change the world.
The Relationship
Science explores for the purpose of knowing.

Technology explores for the purpose of

making something useful from that knowledge.

Science drives technology by making new technology

possible through scientific breakthroughs.
 The identification of the history of technology
with the history of humanlike species does not
help in fixing a precise point for its origin.

History A degree of specialization in toolmaking was

achieved by the time of the Neanderthals
(70,000 BCE); more-advanced tools, requiring
assemblage of head and haft, were produced by
Cro-Magnons (perhaps as early as 35,000
BCE); while the application of mechanical
principles was achieved by pottery-making
Neolithic (New Stone Age; 6000 BCE) and
Metal Age peoples (about 3000 BCE).
 The history of technology is the history of
the invention of tools and techniques and is
one of the categories of world history.

History During the growth of the ancient

civilizations, ancient technology was the
result from advances in engineering in
ancient times. These advances in the history
of technology stimulated societies to adopt
new ways of living and governance.
Ancient Civilizations played the key role for the development of
Science and Technology. Here are some of them:
Africans Technology in Africa has a history
stretching to the beginning of the human
species, stretching back to the first
evidence of tool use by hominid ancestors
in the areas of Africa where humans are
believed to have evolved.

Parts of the East African Swahili Coast

saw the creation of the world's oldest
carbon steel creation with high-
temperature blast furnaces created by the
Haya people of Tanzania.
Mesopotamia The Mesopotamians were one of the first
to enter the Bronze Age in the world.

Perhaps the most important advance

made by the Mesopotamians was the
invention of writing by the Sumerians.
With the invention of writing came the
first recorded laws called the Code of
Hammurabi as well as the first major
piece of literature called the Epic of
Gilgamesh.
Egypt The Egyptians invented and used many
simple machines, such as the ramp to aid
construction processes. They were among
the first to extract gold by large-scale
mining using fire-setting, and the first
recognizable map, the Turin papyrus
shows the plan of one such mine in
Nubia.

The Egyptians are known for building

pyramids centuries before the creation of
modern tools.
China The history of science and technology in
China shows significant advances in science,
technology, mathematics, and astronomy. The
first recorded observations of comets, solar
eclipses, and supernovae were made in China.

Major technological contributions from China

include early seismological detectors, the, the
multi-tube seed drill, natural gas as fuel, the
magnetic compass, the crossbow, and
gunpowder.
Persian Empire The Qanat, a water management system used
for irrigation, originated in Iran before the
Achaemenid period of Persia. The oldest and
largest known qanat is in the Iranian city of
Gonabad which, after 2,700 years, still
provides drinking and agricultural water to
nearly 40,000 people.

The earliest evidence of water wheels and

watermills date back to the ancient Near East
in the 4th century BC, specifically in the
Persian Empire before 350 BCE, in the regions
of Mesopotamia (Iraq)
and Persia (Iran)..
Roman Empire The Roman Empire had an advanced set of
technology for their time.
Roman technological feats in many different
areas such as civil engineering, construction
materials, transport technology, and some
inventions such as the mechanical reaper
went unmatched until the 19th century.
Roman engineers have built triumphal
arches, amphitheatres, aqueducts, public
baths, true arch bridges, harbours, dams,
vaults and domes on a very large scale
across their Empire.
 Timeline of
Inventions
 4000 BCE
Iron used for the first time in decorative
ornaments.

3500 - 5000 BCE

Glass is made by people for the first time.

3500 BCE
Humans invent the wheel.
 3000 BCE
First written languages are developed by the
Sumerian people of southern Mesopotamia (part
of modern Iraq).

~ 2500 BCE
Ancient Egyptians produce papyrus, a crude
early version of paper.

3000– 600BCE
Bronze Age: Widespread use of copper and its
important alloy bronze.
 2000 BCE
Water-raising and irrigation devices like the shaduf
(shadoof), invented by the Ancient Egyptians, introduce
the idea of lifting things using counterweights.

c1700 BCE
Semites of the Mediterranean develop the
alphabet.

1000 BCE
Iron Age begins: iron is widely used for
making tools and weapons in many
parts of the world.
 600 BCE
Thales of Miletus discovers static electricity.

500BCE– 900CE
Nazca people of Peru are believed to have
experimented with balloon flight.

400BCE – 300BCE
Chinese experiment with flying kites.
 ~250 BCE
Ancient Egyptians invent lighthouses, including
the huge Lighthouse of Alexandria.

~300 – 200 BCE

Chinese invent early magnetic direction finders.

~250 BCE
Archimedes invents the screw pump for moving
water and other materials.
 c150– 100 BCE
Gear-driven, precision clockwork machines (such
as the Antikythera mechanism) are in existence.

c50 BCE
Roman engineer Vitruvius perfects the modern,
vertical water wheel.

62 CE
Hero of Alexandria, a Greek scientist,
pioneers steam power.
 105 CE
Ts'ai Lun makes the first paper in China.

27 BCE – 395 CE
Romans develop the first, basic
concrete called pozzolana.
 N2BAMM-3A
Leader: Benjamin Joseph A. Isidro
Members: Liezee Noreen Manalo
Lugie Malate
Kier De Guzmanm
Maui Dela Cruz
Yvette Malubay
Prepared by: Benjamin Joseph A. Isidro