Introduction to Science Technology and Society

A. Meaning of science and technology 

  - Study of how social, political,and cultural values affect scientific research and
technological innovations, refers to the inter actions of economic context which shape the
the human history and development.
B. Science- systematize body of knowledge , it is a knowledge gain ed thru observation
and experimentation leads to formation of concepts,methods and principles
theories and law in procedure of technology.
C. Technology- application of knowledge in solving scientific and practical problems  that
will help human to survive. And improve their life.
D. Notable human successes in the field of science and technology inventions of all time.
    Wheel - this was during 3500 BC this was invented by the people facilitated
agriculture and commerce, for the transportation of goods.
The compass- the Chinese invented the first compass during the 9th and 11th
century the compass enabled mariners to navigate safely far from land.
     Printing press- Johannes Gutenberg a German invented the printing press around
1440 
    Internal combustion engine-  it is a high temperature gas, that applies force to a
piston it can be used in a huge variety of cars and aircraft.
Telephone- Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it is a voice
transmission and use for global businesses and communication.
Penicillin- in 1928, Scottist scientist Alexander Fleming developed the drug
penicillin used for  foods contaminated with molds   and become as bacteria
    Internet- a global system of interconnected computer networks , Vinton Cerf  and
bob kahn are credited to invent the internet.

Eco-friendly Technologies
1- Solar energy
      2- Geothermal energy
      3- Wind power

Lesson 1

Early humans are curios about their nature , they start yo observed and record
patterns of what was happening ,with their experience, they were able to analyze and
organize information.

A. Dawn of the first civilization ( primitive )

-Humans discover and invent tools , in this era, there was no historical
evidences of how people.
      -Lived, because written records was dated at about 5000 BC., people learned
and developed science.
       -And technology as their consequence for their  search of food and other
survival needs.
       -Discovery of mud plaster that led to pottery and mud bricks for houses.
First known pottery was in japan around 10,000 BC.
 B. Pre historic times (3000-5000 BC)
-Mans achievement are categorize as
           a.)- Discovery ( recognition, and observation of new objects)
           b.)- Inventions ( mans discoveries and observations are put
together to produce  new ways of tools.
 Stone age- this period was marked by which stone was widely used to make tools
this era is divided into 3 separate periods paleolithic ( early) Mesolithic
( middle ) neolithic ( new )in this paleolithic era,  fire is the most
important discovery and invention of man.
Homo man- was a food gatherer depended on his hunting, wild animals and
birds , fishing  and collecting wild fruits , nuts and berries .
-Bronze age- harder and more durable, metals are raw materials.
-Iron age- pre history time when tool material was iron.      

Lesson 2

Evidences of STS During Ancient Times

I. - Sumerian civilization (Iraq)- it was at the southern most region of Mesopotamia world
earliest known civilization , the first cities of the world,
occupied territories which soon becomes  cities and states.
STS Development:     
A. Cuneiform- the first witting system, it is a set of word pictures , pic to grams or
drawings representing things.
B. Clay tablet- contains the historical information and culture. Record for keeping
for trade in the use of symbols for writing laws and stories. 
C. Concept of the Wheel- it is the potters wheel  a heavy flat disk made of
hardened clay , it is a , it is a practical method for moving heavy
objects. 
D. Sailboat- invented by ancient Mesopotamia 5000 years ago. Mesopotamian s
started to use. Sailboats since it was between two famous rivers ,
Euphrates and Tigris .
E. They are among the first astronomers  they were recognize  by ancient Greeks.
F. They are recognize in building the foundations of logic, mathematics,
engineering , architecture, agriculture, transportation and medicine.
G. Sexagesimal system- basis of 360 degree circle and the 60 min. Hour. 
H. Systematize technique of farming , seed plow, and irrigation.
I. - Wool from sheep made into textiles, mastered the arts of bleaching and
dyeing.

II. - Babylonians civilizations- the capital and served as commercial and

religious center Tigris Euphrates STS development: 
          A- Hammurabi- first leader of the old Babylonian empire they established
 science and technology. He promulgated the famous law
code.
B- Nebuchadnezzar II- Neo Babylonian emperor ordered the construction
of the famous hanging gardens of Babylons one of the
seven wonders of the world.
C- contributed irrigation, canals, accounting, multiplication and division
tables and calculations  using geometry. 

III .- Egyptians civilization- located along the Nile river.

STS development:
Nile river give life to Egypt, they were nomadic, then become farm land settlers
learned to heat metals, ore copper , gold, and bronzed and made weapons and
utensils. First people to make glass. Egyptians writing with ink on paper called papyrus in
the form of pictorials symbols. Known as hieroglyphics. They master the art of
science in embalming, created calendar  on the phases of the moon , they engage
in pottery, they have iconic monument like;
          1- Giza necropolis
          2- Great Sphinx
          3- Ruins of Memphis

IV. -Cretan ( Minoans) Civilization- Minoans was ruled by king Minos it is a

mountainous island located at between turkey, Egypt and Greece, they engage in
overseas trades, made sophisticated curved statues ceramics, jewels, they have
knowledge in mathematics, engineering and architecture. They are skilled in ship
building. They raised cattle, sheep, and goats. They domesticated bees. The Cretan
civilizations was wiped out  of a violent earthquake. And becomes 
desert. 

Note: They have clay tablets use in writing, obelisk a tall and narrow monument a pyramid like
shape on top, they have also sundials to detect time.   

-Catherine J. Licudo