HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN WHICH SOCIAL

CONSIDERATIONS CHANGED THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
Members:
● Arabiana, Jade Nicole D.
● Jimenez, Angeline C.
● Montes, Lailanie
● Perez, Gabriel E.

Objectives:
A. Demonstrate awareness on significant science studies
B. Demonstrate knowledge on STS across time
C. Recognize the beliefs that was considered in STS advancement

Topic to be discussed:
● History of Science Studies, Evolution of STS through time, & Philosophies that
influenced STS

Pre- Historic Science:

The primitive man must have:
- conceived that the earth is flat and limitless.
- observed the changing of the seasons in connection to the shifting of
the sun.
- recognized the fundamental distinction between living and non-living
things.
- practiced instinctive therapeutics.

Stone Age
- The Stone Age marks a period of prehistory in which humans used primitive stone
tools.
- Stone Age humans were hunter-gatherers who lived in small, nomadic groups.

Major Contributors to theTechnological Advancements:

● Neanderthals (70,000 BCE) made stone tools also
known as as Oldowan tools
● Cro-Magnons (35,000 BCE) made hafting (head and
half) also known as hafted stone tools

The Neolithic Revolution (15,000 BCE) also called as Agricultural Revolution

From Hunters to Settlers:

Sumerian Civilization (4100-1750 BCE)

- are cooperative and they developed many things connected with
science and technology.
- Transition from Nomadic hunter-gatherers to agrarian communities.
- explored the practice of the scientific hypothesis
 - engaged in technological innovation
- created the earliest written language

Major Contributions to theTechnological Advancements:

● Cuneiform (Writing)- a system of writing first
developed by the Sumerians. It utilized word pictures
carved on clay.
● Sailboats- The invention of the sail which most likely
began simply through the observation of the wind's
effect on a piece of cloth.
● Wheel- The wheel is developed from a need to make
better pottery in less time. The potter's wheel was then
adapted to create carts and chariots for transporting
goods and for traveling.
● Irrigations and Dikes- is the controlled application of
water to land for agricultural purposes. It plays a vital
role in ensuring stable and sufficient food production.

Babylonian Civilization (2300 BCE)

- developed mathematics, astronomy and astrology

Major Contributions to theTechnological Advancements:

● Astronomy and astrology- Babylonian astronomy
represented the melding of science and religion.
Babylonian astrology consisted of making temporal
predictions and decisions based on the movements of
the celestial bodies.
● Cartography- Babylonian Map on a clay tablet
● Calendar System- they created a calendar with the aid
of astronomy and astrology.

Egyptian Civilization
- Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River.
- Egyptians built grand monuments and temples.
- They made advances in engineering, architecture, agriculture,
medicine, astronomy and even in art and literature.

Major Contributions to the Technological Advancements:

● Paper- Egyptians had developed durable sheets of
writing material from the papyrus plant.
● Hieroglyphics- used pictograms and alphabet-like
characters that stood for certain sounds.

Ancient Greeks believe in Deductive Reasoning which influences their

inventions (Kagaya nung style ng page no.3)
- Knowledge is built by means of pure thought and a powerful approach in
mathematics .
- The Greeks eventually came to believe that the only acceptable way of
obtaining knowledge was the use of deduction.
- Observations were undervalued.
Ancient Greek
- The achievements of ancient Greek science were among the finest in
antiquity.

Major Contributors to theTechnological Advancements:

● Pythagoras of Samos (575-495 BCE): Numerical
System and Pythagorean theorem.
● Plato (428-347 BCE): He believed that all
substances to be composed of air, water, earth, and
fire. (We call it now states of matter)
● Hippocrates (460-375 BCE): Founder of modern
medicine.
● Aristotle (384-322 BCE): Classification of Animals

Ancient Roman
- Roman innovations were largely more concerned with refinements than new
ideas.
- For the Romans, science had to provide useful information.

Major Contributions to theTechnological Advancements:

● Newspaper
● Roman Numerology

Medieval/Middle Ages
Major Contributions to theTechnological Advancements:
● Printing Press
● Microscope
● Telescope
● War Weapons
● Silk
● Gun Powder
Modern Times:
Major Contributions to theTechnological Advancements:
● Airplane/Aeroplane - it was invented by Wright
brothers on December 17, 1903, Demand for air
travel led to the creation of an industry including
aircraft construction companies, engine and
equipment makers, as well as firms that built and
operated airports
● Television - Philo Taylor Farnsworth II, is the one
who invented the first television on Sept. 7, 1927.
We are informed through the television of the latest
news, weather, and information which are important
in our daily lives.
● X-ray Machine - The x-ray became vital in the
detection of tuberculosis, for which it is still used
today. the person who invented c ray was Wilhelm
Conrad Roentgen on 8th of November, 1895

Philippine Inventions:
Major Contributions to theTechnological Advancements:
● Salt Lamp - In year 2012, Aisa and Raphael Mijeno
invented the SALt lamp (or "Sustainable Alternative
Lighting") By making and providing saltwater
powered lamps, SALt is providing a solution for
millions of Filipinos that reduces emissions and is
safe for their health. It can provide eight hours of
light, as well as power to a USB port for charging a
phone.
● Medical Incubator - Pediatrician Fe Del Mundo
invented Medical Incubator in year 1880. An
incubator is designed to provide a safe, controlled
space for infants to live while their vital organs
develop.
● Ejeepney - Elmer Francisco, A well-known
manufacturer of the iconic jeepney shared a new
design of a modernized look. Electric-powered
jeepney launched in 2017