Requirement II. Answer Briefly.

1. Describe the steps of the product design and development process.

The steps in product design and development process involves idea
generation, preliminary concept, product/process development, full-scale production,
market introduction and market evaluation. Idea generation is the development of
concept that incorporates customer needs and expectations. Preliminary concept
means to study new ideas for feasibility. In this phase, questions related to the
satisfaction of customer requirements as well as the product’s economic value and
quality are addressed. In product/process development, design alternatives are
evaluated engineering specifications such as test prototypes, development, test, and
standardized processes are determined. Full-scale production is the release of
product to manufacturing or service delivery teams once the design is approved and
the production processes has been set up. Market introduction means to distribute
the product to the customers and market evaluation means evaluating the market
and gather customer feedback to initiate continuous improvements.

2. What is Design for Six Sigma? Explain the four basic elements of DFSS and the
various tools and methodologies that comprise this body of knowledge.
Design for Six Sigma is a powerful approach for designing new products or
process development that uses a set of tools and methodologies in the product
development process to make sure that goods and services will meet customer
needs and achieve performance objectives, and that the processes used to make and
deliver them achieve high level of quality.
Concept development, design development, design optimization and design
verification comprise the DFSS. In concept development, product functionality is
determined based upon customer requirements, technological capabilities, and
economic realities. Design development focuses on product and process performance
issues necessary to fulfill the product and service requirements in manufacturing or
delivery. Design optimization seeks to minimize the impact of variation in production
and use, creating a “robust” design and design verification ensures that the
capability of the production system meets the appropriate sigma level.

3. Explain the concept development and innovation. Describe the importance of

innovation and creativity in concept development.
 Concept development is the process of applying scientific, engineering, and
business knowledge to produce a basic functional design that meets both customer
needs and manufacturing or service delivery requirements. Innovation involves the
adoption of an idea, process, technology, product, or business model that is either
new or new to its proposed application. Its outcome is a breakthrough change and
results in new and unique goods and services that delight customers which create
competitive advantage.
The main goal of concept development is to meet both customer and
manufacturing or service delivery requirements and innovation so with creativity play
an integral part in achieving this. Innovation and creativity unlock the uniqueness of
the product or service concept to reach its full potential to not just limit on the mere
satisfaction of the customers but to exceed it.

4. How can a product design affect manufacturability? Explain the concept and
importance of design for manufacturability.
Before manufacturing, defining, and developing a product design must be
done first. Sans product design, effective manufacturability is not possible.
Manufacturers cannot manufacture a product without a product design. Therefore,
quality is also impossible to achieve. In concurrence with that, design for
manufacturability is the process of designing a product so that it can be produced
efficiently at the highest level of quality. Design for manufacturability is important
because it improves quality, increase productivity, reduce lead time, and maintain
flexibility to adapt to future market conditions.