Chapter 1. (Chemical Reactions and Equations) 1. (a) Fe is displacing copper from CuSO,. Fe gets oxidised to Fe®* and Cu** get reduced to Cu. 2. (a) It is oxidation reaction because CH, is getting oxidised to CO, and HO. 3. (d) Combustion reactions are chemical changes because new substance is formed. 4, (b) Aand B, exothermic process takes place where as in ‘C’ endothermic process. (a) KMnO, oxidises FeSO, to Fe,(SO,), and gets reduced to MnSO,. 6. (@) ( (a) It is due to formation of Ag by decomposition of AgCl. (b) The reaction is highly exothe is basic. ic. pH_ of Ca(OH), is more than 7 because it 8. (b) Lead acetate can be used instead of Pb(NO,), because it is soluble in water 9. (d) Two elements or compounds combine to form a single compound. 10. (b) Al reduces MnO, to Mn and gets oxidised to Al,O,, 11. gain 12. insoluble 13. reactants 14. reactants, products 15. created, destroyed 16. False, precipitate is a solid product. 17. True 18. False, Respiration is an exothermic process because energy is released. Ise, it is indicated by ‘aq’ and not ‘T. 20. True, light may decompose the food materials. 21.) D), (A), Git) B), ) (OE 22. When a chemical reaction occurs, new products are formed. In chemical reaetion there may occur change in colour, evolution of gas, release or absorption of heat and formation of precipitate. 28. When hydrogen combines with oxygen in the presence of electric em is formed, e.g. Electric nt, water 2H, + O, 2H,O 24. Reaction of lead nitrate with dilute hydrochloric acid. P(NO,),(ag) + 2HCIdi.) —> PbCI,s) + 2HNO,(aq) Lead Hydrochloric Lead chloride nitrate acid (White ppd) It is a double displacement reaction. Science—10 o25. 26. 27, 28. 29. 30. 31. The chemical reaction in which number of atoms of elements on both sides are not equal is called skeletal equation. e.g. Na + HJO —> NaOH + Hy 2Al(s) + 8FeSO,(aq) —> Al,(SO,),(aq) + 3FeG) Skeletal chemical equations are unbalanced. We need to balance chemical equation because of law of conservation of matter. It states ‘matter can neither be created nor be destroyed’. Therefore, each and every chemical equation must be balanced. (a) Copper reacts with oxygen to form copper oxide which is black, i.e. oxidation of copper takes place on reaction with oxygen. (b) Copper oxide (€) 2Cu(s) + Og) ——> 2Cu0() (a) CgH,,0, + 60, —> 6CO, + 6H,O (b) CH, + 20, —> CO, + 2H,0 (0) 2KCIO, ——> 2KCl + 30, (@) CO + 2H, —> CH,OH (&) CuSO, + 2NaOH —> Cu(OH), + Nay (f) 3Fe + 4H,0 ——> FeO, + 4H, (@ N,lg) + 8Hyg) ——> 2NH,@) Nitrogen Hydrogen Ammonia (b) 2Mgo) + O,(g) —> 2MgOo) Magnesium Oxygen Magnesium oxide (0) BaCl, + CuSO,—> BaSO, + CuC (@) @ Copper oxide (CuO) is oxidising agent. Hydrogen (Hy) is reducing agent. Hydrogen (H,) is getting oxidised to HO. Copper (II) oxide (CuO) is getting reduced to Cu. Displacement reaction because *X’ is displacing *Y’ from YZ. Combination reaction because *X’ combines with “Y’ to form Metal displacement reaction occurs, blue colour changes to colourless and magnesium sulphate is formed and reddish brown copper metal gets deposited Mg(s) + CuSO, (aq) ——> MgSO, (aq) + Cu(s) Science—10 2)33. 34, 35. o @ 0 @ ” © @) © @ (b) © (d) © (i) No reaction takes place because copper is less reactive than iron so it i unable to displace it from its solution Cu + FeSO, —— No reaction arming. () 2H, @) + OL @ Phys equation. 2H,0 (I) state of reactants and products must be mentioned in chemical (i) Condition in which reaction takes place are written above and below the arrow head. Displacement reaction and redox reaction. Decomposition reaction and redox reaction, Combination reaction Quicklime reacts with v rously to form slaked lime. te vige It is an exothermic reaction as lot of heat is produced in this reaction. CaO) + HO] ——> Ca(OH),(s) + Heat + Hissing sound Quicklime Water Slaked lime (Calcium oxide) (Calcium hydroxide) i) i) i) (iv) Double Displacement reaction and precipitation reaction. ) ) Displacement reaction and redox reaction Neutralisation reaction. Decomposition reaction Combustion reaction (Exothermic reaction) Combination reaction and redox reaction. Double Displacement Reaction/Precipitation Reaction BaCl, + CuSO, ——> CuCl, + BaSO, Oxidation Reaction/Combination Reaction 2Cu + 0, ——> 2CuO Decomposition Reaction 2FeSO, —"'""_, Fe,O, + SO, + SO, Displacement Reaction Fe + CuSO, ——> FeSO, + Cu ) + HO —> Ca(OH), + heat Combination Reaction. C: It is exothermic reaction because a large amount of heat is evolved. Science—10 8