coeeeee 10. un. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. coe e Chapter 2. (Acids, Bases and Salts) (d) ZnSO, is colourless, FeS' SO, is blue. () It contains HCl(cone.) and HNO, (cone.) in ratio of 3 : 1. (b) Water will make it dilute which does harm our skin. (b) CH,COOH + NaHCO, —+ CH,COONa + water milky, non-supporter of combustion, dissolves odourless, (0). Na,CO,,10H,O and NaHCO, are (a) Lower pH, more H*, stronger acid. Lower pH, less OH", weaker base. (a) Its pH = 2 due to secreation of HCl. (d) Lime is CaCO, (lime stone) NaHCO, (baking soda) will giv 9, is green, FeCl, is yellow, + CO,, CO, turns lime NaOH, is colourless and prepared from NaCl (Brine solution) 40, does not give CO, with HCl. Others are carbonates. Marble is CO, with HCl (0) Gitrie acid is organic acid, not a mineral acid. (d) NaOH, Hy and black red organi ue formed by electrolysis of brine solution. olfactory antacid False, some of them are neutral oxide and insoluble in water e.g. NO, CO, N, ‘True, Mg + 2HNO,(5%) —> Mg(NO,),(aq) + Hy(g)s Mn + 2HNO,(5%) —> Mn(NO,), + Hy ‘True, because it attack nervous system. True, NO, dissolves in water forming HNO, and HNO, 2NO, + H,O —> HNO, + HNO, (A) (, (B) GH), (C) (), (D) (aii) 1 M HCI has higher concentration of H* ions because HCl is strong acid. CH,COOH is weak acid. 1M HClhas higher conc. of (H*) because it ionises completely in aqueous solution, whereas CH,COOH does not ionise completely as it is weak acid. Bleaching powder, its chemical name is calcium oxy chloride. Slaked lime, Ca(OH), Sodium carbonate (Nay alcium hydroxide] reacts with Cl, to form CaC 20.) is used for softening of hard water. Science—10 o26. (i) Turmeric and red cabbage (Natural indicators) (ii) Phenolphthalein and methyl orange (Synthetic indicators) (@) Lime water turns milky due to formation of Calcium carbonate. (b) Ca(OH),(ag) + COs(g) ——> CaCO,(s) + HOW 27. (a) Oxalic acid (b) Acetic acid (©) Tartaric acid 28. (a) Soluble bases are called alkalies, e.g. sodium hydroxide is an alkali. (0) HCI, HINO, ionise in aqueous solution, whereas alcohol and glucose do not show acidic charact s because they do not ionise in aqueous solution, 29. (a) When an acid reacts with metal oxide, then salt and water are formed. Metal oxide + Acid ——» Salt + water e.g. Na,O + H,SO,—> Na,SO, + H,O () @ Methyl orange is pink in acidic, yellow in basic solution. (ii) Phenolphthalein is colourless in acid, pink in basic solution, 30. (a) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate commonly known as Plaster of Paris. 1 CaSO, . yH,O () CaSO, 51,0 + 3,0 —> CaSO, . 2H,0 Plaster of Paris Gypsum, 31. ‘X’ is chlorine; *Y’ is bleaching powder. caOH), + Cl, 22%, Caocl, + H,0 x’ Y" 32. (a) Plaster of Paris. s73K 50.3 3 BE. CaSO, HO +5 H,0. Gypsum, Plaster of Paris Water () CaSO, 2H,0 (Calcium sulphate hemihydrate) (0 It is used for plastering fractured bones. 33. (a) (i) CaCO, + 2HCI—> CaCl, + H,O + CO, (ii) NaHCO, + HCl —> NaCl + H,O + CO, (iii) Al,O, + 6HCI—> 2alCl, + 3H,0 (b) ‘W has maximum [H,O*] equal 10 mol L. ‘W, acidic whereas ‘B’ and ‘C’ are bas Science—10 2)34, (a) ‘X’ is CaCO, (calcium carbonate). The gas evolved is CO, CaCO, + H,SO,(dil) —> CaSO, + HO + CO, Calcium sulphate @) —@ NaHCO, is antacid. It neutralises excess of acid formed in the stomach. (i) The soil is acidic in nature. The farmer wants to make it neutral by adding quicklime which is good for crops. 35. (a) Chloralkali Process: In this process, chlori are produced industrially by the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl). 2NaCl(aq) + 2H,O(l) ——> 2NaOH(aq) + Clg) + H,(g) (1) @ Itis used as oxidising agent, chlorinating agent and disinfectant. gas, H, gas and sodium hydroxide (ii) It is used for manufacture of chloroform. (0 (i) Reaction between acid and bases NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ——> NaCl(aq) + H,O() Base Acid Sale Water (ii) Reaction between acid and hydrogen ¢: 2NaHCO, + H,SO, ——> Na,SO, + CO, + H,O Sodium "Sulphuric Sodium Carbon Water Hydrogen acid sulphate dioxide Carbonate yonates 36. (a) HCl is acid and NaOH is base whose combination forms the common salt Its formula is NaCl (Sodium chloride). It is obtained from sea water. (0) Rock salt is the common name for the mineral “halite”. Its chemical formula is NaCl. It may be white or light blue or yellow depending upon impurities present in it (0 2NaCl + 2H,O "8. gNaOH + Hy + Cl, 37. (a) The compound is bleaching powder (CaOCl,). Its chemical name is calcium oxychloride. It is manufactured by reaction of solid slaked lime with dry chlorine gas. Ca(OH), + Cl, —> CaOCl, + HO () Itis used as oxidising and bleaching agent. (i) It is used for preparation of chloroform. (b) 2NaCl + 2H,0 2NaOH + Hy + Cl, Science—10 838. (a) o CuSO,:5H,0 is blue crystalline solid. It becomes dirty white on heating due to loss of water molecules and it becomes amorphous cuso,5H,o ——~ Guso, + 5H,O Copper sulphate Anhydrous pentahydrate copper sulphate (Blue) (Dirty white) It regains its colour by absorbing water from atmosphere and becomes blue in colour, CuSO, + 5H,O ——> CuSO,5H,0 Blue NayCO,10H,O, It is called sodium carbonate decahydrate or washing soda. It is prepared by passing CO, gas through saturated solution of ammonical brine, NH, + H,O + CO, + NaCl ——» NaHCO, + NH,Cl Ammonia Water Carbon Sodium. Sodium Ammonium dioxide chloride bicarbonate chloride 2NaHCO, Na,CO, + HO + CO, Na,CO, + 10H,0 ——> Na,CO,10H,0 Washing soda Heat Uses: (i Itis used in production of washing powder. (i) It is used for manufacture of glass. Science—10 @