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Madina Book1 Notes Abdurrahman Org PDF
Madina Book1 Notes Abdurrahman Org PDF
ْ ِب
ARIC – Arabic Class Notes
Part 1 (ver. 1.1)
Topics
Parts of Speech – English vs. Arabic
Arabic Alphabets
Arabic Vowel Signs
Indefinite & Definite
Noun Endings
The Nominal Sentence
1
Revision History
Mar. 10, 2010 1.1 Zahid Naeem Multiple Corrections (e.g., ٌ د ّمةto ٌض ّمة, genetive to genitive)
َ ِف
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English Arabic
Noun
Pronoun
Adjective Noun ٌاِ ْسم
Adverb
Interjection
Verb Verb ٌِف ْعل
Conjunction
Particle ٌَح ْرف
Preposition
ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
َ اَلْ ِك َتاب
ٌٌٌج ِد ْيد
ٌ َخ َبٌر ٌٌم ْب َتدَا
ٌٌ َم ْرف ْوع ٌاَلْ َق َلمٌٌٌ َم ْكس ْور ٌٌ َم ْرف ْوع
ٌٌن َِك َرة ٌٌ َم ْع ِر َفة
ٌَه َذاٌٌٌٌ َب ْيت
Topics
This ( ) َه َذاvs. That (ََ) َذلِك
Solar vs. Lunar Letters
ْ ) َه ْم َزةَُال ْ َو
The Joining Hamza (ص َِل
Of 28 consonant letters, 14 letters are called solar letters (فَالشَّ ْم ِس َّي َُة
َُ الح ُر ْو
ُ ) and 14
are called lunar letters (فَال َق َم ِر َّي َُة
ُ الحَُر ْو
ُ )
This distinction is only for pronunciation of words starting with these letters
when prefixed with ( الthe definite article)
Articulation of solar letters involves the tip of the tongue, e.g., ر , ن, ش, س,ت
Tip of the tongue plays no role for lunar letters, e.g., و, ك, م, ق,ب
When الis prefixed to a noun beginning with a solar letter, the لof the الis
assimilated to the solar letter, e.g., al-shamsu is pronounced as ash-shamsu
The assimilation is indicated by the shaddah on the first letter of the noun
In writing, the لis not assimilated, e.g., س
َُ الشَّ ْم
No such assimilation takes place for lunar letters, e.g., al-qamaru is pronounced
as al-qamaru ()ال َق َمَُر
سَ
ش الشَّ ْم ُ ت ال َّت ِ
اج ُرَ ف ال َف ُمَ اَ الا ّّ َُ
ب
الص ْدَُر ص َّ ث الثَّ ْو َُ
ب ق ال َق َمَُر اب
ب َالب َُ
الض ْي َُ
ف ض َّ د ال ِّد ْيكَُ ك ال َك ْل َُ
ب الج َّنَُة
َ ج
ط ال َّطالِ َُ
ب ذ ال َّذ َه َُ
ب م ال َم َُاء الح َماَُر ِ ح
ظ ال َّظ ْهَُر ر ال َّر ُج ُلَ و ال َولَ َُد الخ ْبَُز
ُ خ
اللَّ ْح ُمَ ل ز ال َّز ْه َرَُة اله َو َُاء َ ه ع ال َع ْي َُن
ال َّن ْج َُم ن الس َمكَُ س َّ ي َالي ُدَ غ ال َغد ََُاء
As opposed to َِصلْ َه ْم َزةَُالْ َو , َه ْم َزةَُالْ َق ْط َِعis always pronounced, regardless of its
position in the sentence
َه ْم َزةَُالْ َق ْط َِعis usually written with a ءsymbol on (or below) the Alif, as follows:
أ
إ
Examples:
َ( اّّ َحدone) – َقُ ْلَ ُه َوَاللَّ ُهَاّّ َحد َق ْط َع
(Cutting,
( اِ َْذwhen) – ...َ ََواِ ْذَ َقا َلَ َر ُّبك Discontinuing,
Separating)
ََٱلْ َح ْمدَُلِلَّ ِهَ َر ِّبَٱلْ َعالَ ِم ْي َنَٱل َّر ْح َم ِنَٱل َّر ِح ْي ِمَ َمالِ ِكَ َي ْو ِمَٱل ِّد ْي ِنَ
اطَٱلْ ُم ْس َت ِق ْي َم ِ
َص َر َ
اطَ اِ َّيا َكَنَ ْع ُبد ََُواِ َّيا َكَن َْس َت ِع ْي ُنََٱِ ْه ِدنَاَٱ ِّ
لص َر َ
ٱلَّ ِذ َ
ينَاّّنْ َع ْم َتَ َع َل ْي ِه ْمَ َغ ْيرَِٱلْ َم ْغ ُض ْو ِبَ َع َل ْي ِه ْم ََو َلاَٱ َّ
لضالِّ ْي َنَ
Solar letter Lunar letter َه ْم َزةَُالْ َو ْص ِلَ َه ْم َزةَُالْ َق ْط ِعَ
Topics
Preposition (جر
ف
ُ & ) َح ْرGenitive Case () َم ْج ُر ْور
َ
Detached Pronoun (َصل ِ ) َض ِم ْير ُم ْنف
Possessed & Possessor (ضاف إِلَ ْي ِه َ ) ُم َضاف َو ُم
1
Revision History
Mar. 14, 2010 2 Zahid Naeem Added section for ُم َضاف َو ُم َضاف إِلَ ْي ِهand more description for َصل
ِ َض ِم ْير ُم ْنف
Mar. 20, 2010 3 Zahid Naeem Added more content for َجا ٌّر َو َم ْج ُر ْورand ُم َضاف َو ُم َضاف إِلَ ْي ِه
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Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to arabic.aric@gmail.com
ِ إ ْلإ ّّ ْرfor
whatever is in the heavens and
whatever is in the earth. ض
(2:153) O ye who believe! seek
help with patient perseverance
الص ْب ِر َ َيا إّّ ُّي َها إلَّ ِذBy, at, in
َّ ِين إ َم ُنوإ ْإس َت ِعي ُنوإ ب
بِي
and prayer; for Allah is with
those who patiently persevere. َّ إلصلَا ِة ۚ إِ َّن إللَّـ َه َم َع
َ إلصابِر
ِين َّ َو
It is on a table
a table on It
َم ْك َتب َع َلى ُه َو
إِ ْسم َم ْج ُر ْور ف َجر ُ َح ْر ُم ْب َتدَإ
َخ َبر،إلج ْم َل ِة
ُ ِش ْب ُه،َجا ٌّر َو َم ْج ُر ْور
َّ ِ إis
Noun after ن
َم ْع ِر َفة َم ْن ُص ْوب always ص ْوب
ُ َم ْن
إل َّطالِ ِب ُ ِك َت
اب ِ إلْ ُم َد ِّر
س َم ْك َت َب إِ َّن
(of) the student book (of) the teacher table Verily
The student’s book Verily the teacher’s table
َم ْرفُ ْوع ُ cannot beم َضاف ِإلَ ْي ِه بِلَال ِك َت ُ
اب
بِلَال ِك َت ُ
اب
(110:1) When comes the help of Allah … إِ َذإ َج َاء ن َْص ُر إلل ِه
(114: 1) Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind ِ قُ ْل إّّ ُعو ُذ بِ َر ِّب إل َّنا
س
(24:35) Allah is the light of the heavens and the
earth
ِ إت َوإ ْلإ ّّ ْر
ض ِ إلس ٰم َوَّ إَلل ُه نُو ُر
(7:73) This is the she camel of Allah َه ِذ ِه نَا َق ُة إلل ِه
(48:29) Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ُم َح َّمد َر ُس ْو ُل إلل ِه
(6:127) For them is the home of safety َّ لَ ُه ْم َدإ ُر
إلسلا َ ِم
(40:55 & 77) Therefore have patience (O
Muhammad). Lo (surely, certainly)! The promise اص ِب ْر إِ َّن َو ْع َد إللَّ ِه َح ٌّق
ْ َف
of Allah is true
Topics
Gender Introduction
Substitute (ٌ) َبدَل
َ )
Adverb (ٌظ ْرف
Adjective (ٌ)نَعت
1
Revision History
May 1, 2010 5 Zahid Naeem Added slides for The Relative Pronoun
َ ِف
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Usually a masculine noun can be changed to ٌُم َد ِّرس ٌُم َد ِّر َسة
feminine, by:
1. Adding a ( ةclosed ta – طٌُة
َ )ال َّت ُاءٌال َم ْر ُبوat the end and, ٌَطالِب َطالِ َبٌة
2. Putting a ٌ( َف ْت َحةfathah) on the letter before ة
ٌاِ ْبن ٌبِ ْنت
َ )ال َّت ُاءٌال َم ْف ُت
Two feminine nouns with a (تopen ta – وح ٌُة
ٌّّاخ ٌّْاخْ ت
ending
ِ
This is a watch (ٌٌٌسا َعة
ه ِ
َ ) َه
ذ
ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 4 (ver. 5) 4
Gender of Body Members
ت
ٌ نَ ْعand وت
ٌ َمن ُعshould be in agreement in the following:
1 This is a small boy This is a small girl
Gender
َص ِغ ٌير َولَ ٌد َه َذا َص ِغ َيرٌة ٌ ِب
نت ٌَه ِذ ِه
ٌنَ ْعت ٌَمن ُعوت ٌوت نَ ْعت ٌ َمن ُع
2 The new teacher is in the class Bilal is a new teacher
Indefinite vs.
definite ٌِالج ِدي ُدٌ ِفي الفَصل
َ ٌس ٌ س َج ِد
ُ يد ال ُم َد ِّر ٌ ُم َد ِّر ٌبِلَال
ٌوت نَ ْعت
ٌ َمن ُع ٌَمن ُعوتٌ نَ ْعت
3 I am in a new house This is a new house
Case
ٌَج ِدي ٍد ٍ ِفي َب
ٌيت اّّنا ٌ َج ِد
يد ٌَبيت َه َذا
ٌنَ ْعت ٌَمن ُعوت ٌوت نَ ْعت
ٌ َمن ُع
4 That is a new student Those are new students
Number
ٌ َج ِد
يد ٌ َِطال
ب ٌََذلِك اّْولَ ِئكٌَ طُلَّابٌ ُجد ٌُد
ٌنَ ْعت ٌَمن ُعوت ٌوت نَ ْعت
ٌ َمن ُع
ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 4 (ver. 5)
ٌو َم ْن ُعوتٌ Nominal Sentence with
نَ ْعت َ
The sparrow is a small bird
(1:6) Guide us in the straight path. ﴾٦:اطٌالْ ُم ْس َت ِقي َمٌ﴿﴾﴿سورةٌالفاتحة ِّ ٌا ْه ِدنَا
َ الص َر
(45:10) And for them is a great torment. ﴾١٠:َولَ ُه ْمٌ َع َذابٌ َع ِظيمٌ﴿سورةٌالجاثية
Exercise
Make two additional sets of sentences on the above pattern.
Write their meaning and the analysis, as shown above.
ِ َت
ٌاجر ٌَع َباس ٌَج ِديد ٌاب ِ
ُ الك َت
ٌَخ َبر ٌُم ْب َتدَا ٌَخ َبر ٌُم ْب َتدَا
Exercise
Make two additional sets of sentences on the above pattern.
Write their meaning and the analysis, as shown above.
ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 4 (ver. 5) 15
The Relative Pronoun - ٌِالا ْس ُمٌال َم ْو ُص ْو ُل
الَّ ِذيis called the relative pronoun () ِالا ْس ُمٌال َم ْو ُص ْو ٌُل
It is translated as:
“Who” – for all rational beings
“Which” – for all irrational beings and things
It is used for masculine singular. Feminine and plural will come later
ٌِ ِصلَّ ُةٌال َم ْو ُص ْو
It is always followed by a description, which is known as ل
ِ َت
ٌاجر ٌال ُغ ْر َف ِة ٌِم َن ٌَخ َر َج الَّ ِذي ٌال َّر ُج ُل
ِصلَّ ُةٌال َم ْو ُص ْو ٌِل ِالا ْس ُمٌال َم ْو ُص ْو ٌُل
The book, which is on the table, belongs to the teacher
ِ لِل ُم َد ِّر
ٌس ٌال َمك َت ِب َع َلى الَّ ِذي ُ ال ِك َت
ٌاب
ِصلَّ ُةٌال َم ْو ُص ْو ٌِل ٌِالا ْس ُمٌال َم ْو ُص ْو ُل
ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 4 (ver. 5) 16
نَعتٌ asالَّ ِذي
َت ِ
اجٌر ال َّر ُج ُلٌ
َخ َبرٌ ُم ْب َتدٌَا
َت ِ
اجٌر ال َّطوِي ُلٌ ال َّر ُج ُلٌ
َخ َبرٌ نَ ْعتٌ ٌٌ ُم ْب َتدٌَا َو َم ْن ُعوتٌ
َت ِ
اجٌر ال ُغ ْر َف ِةٌ ِم َنٌ َخ َر َجٌ الَّ ِذي ال َّر ُج ُلٌ
َخ َبٌر ِصلَّ ُةٌال َم ْو ُص ْو ٌِل ِالا ْس ُمٌال َم ْو ُص ْو ُل ٌَونَعتٌ ٌٌ ُم ْب َتدٌَا َو َم ْن ُعوتٌ
Almost all Arabic verbs can be traced back to a three letter verb. The
remaining few exceptions are traced to a four letter verb.
To understand their structure, the three letter verbs are defined on
the pattern of فعلas follows.
ٌ( عٌ َك ِل َمة2
nd radical)
ُ ِ( اّّلalif of
This alif is called فٌال ِو َقا َي ٌِة َف ِاع ٌل Suffix
protection). It protects the وfrom ٌَخ َر َج ٌُمس َت ِتر ٌُه َو He
being mistaken for the conjunction و َْخ َر ٌَجٌا ٌْا ٌْا ُه َما They (2)
(and). It is written but not pronounced
َخ َر ٌُج ٌْوا ٌْو ْوا ُه ٌْم They (>2)
ِ َفin this group are
All ٌاعل
ٌْ َخ َر َج
ت ٌُمس َت ِتر ٌْت ِه ٌَي She
either ٌ ُمس َت ِترor have a
َْخ َر َجٌَتٌا ٌْا َْتٌا ُه َما They (2)
sukun on them, so this
ِ َسا
group is called ٌكن َخ َر ٌْج ٌَن ٌَن ٌَن ُه ٌَّن They (>2)
ٌَ َخ َر ٌْج
ت ٌَ
ت ٌَ
ت ٌَ ْاّّن
ت You
Topics
ٌ ُمتَّ ِص
Attached Pronoun (ل )ض ِم ْي ٌر
Early Predicate and Late Subject ( )خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم و ُمبتدا ٌ ُمؤخَّ ٌر
1
Revision History
May 8, 2010 3 Zahid Naeem Added Early Predicate and Late Subject ( )خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم و ُمبتدا ٌ ُمؤخَّ ٌر
Added a slide for plurals of irrationals and adjective for muda’f vs. muda’f
Jun. 19, 2010 5 Zahid Naeem
ilaihi
Jun. 26, 2010 6 Zahid Naeem Added slides for Numbers ()اَعدا ٌد
Added slides for singular, dual and plural case endings, grammatical analysis
Jul. 10, 2010 7 Zahid Naeem
& Diptotes
Jul. 24, 2010 8 Zahid Naeem Added slide for types of khabar
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Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to arabic.aric@gmail.com
ِ ُم َّت
An attached pronoun (ص ٌل )ض ِم ْي ٌر, when attached to a noun, is
always اف اِل ْي ِه
ٌ ُمضand the noun it is attached to is اف ٌ ُمض
The attached pronoun in this case is always م ْج ُر ْو ٌر
ِ ُم َّت
An attached pronoun (ص ٌل )ض ِم ْي ٌر, when attached to a ف جر
ُ ح ْر
(preposition), is always اِ ْس ٌم م ْج ُر ْو ٌر
ُه ُهو
ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل ُهما ُهما
ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِص ٌل
Always ( م ْعرِف ٌةdefinite) ُه ْم ُه ْم Always ( م ْعرِف ٌةdefinite)
ف ْتح ٌة The preposition gets a ل ُه بِ ِه ُه ُهو
when it is followed by an ل ُهما بِ ِهما ُهما ُهما
attached pronoun, with one ل ُه ْم بِ ِه ْم ُه ْم ُه ْم
exception; see below.
لها بِها ها ِهي
ل ُهما بِ ِهما ُهما ُهما
ل ُه َّن بِ ِه َّن ُه َّن ُه َّن
لك بِك ك اَنْت
ل ُكما بِ ُكما كُما اَنْ ُتما
ل ُك ْم بِ ُك ْم كُ ْم اَنْ ُت ْم
ل ِك بِ ِك ِك اَنْ ِت
ل ُكما بِ ُكما كُما اَنْ ُتما
كسر ٌة The preposition retains its ل ُك َّن بِ ُك َّن كُ َّن اَنْ ُت َّن
ال ُمتكلِّ ِم when it is attached to ي ُاء لِ ْي بِ ْي ْي اَنا
لنا بِنا نا ن ْح ُن
)ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8 10
ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِص ٌل vs.ض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِ
ص ٌل Past Tense Verb Suffix vs.
Numbers 1 - 2
Both 1 and 2 follow the noun as ُمزكَّ ٌر معدُو ٌد ُمؤن ٌَّث معدُو ٌد
معدُو ٌد and theعد ٌد adjective, so the
اَ ٌخ و ِاح ٌد اُخْ ٌت و ِاحد ٌة
follow all the rules of وت
عت ومن ُع ٌ
.ن ٌ
اَخو ِان اِ ْثن ِان اُخْ ت ِان اِ ْثنت ِان
Numbers 3 - 10 ثلاث ُة اِخْ وة اث َاخوات ثل ُ
( Number )عد ٌد َا ْربع ُة اِخْ وة َا ْرب ُع َاخوات
معدُو ٌد • Comes before the خ ْمس ُة اِخْ وة س َاخوات خ ْم ُ
اف • Is
)ال ُ (hence no tanwin orمض ٌ ِس َّت ُة اِخْ وة ِست َاخوات
)معدُو ٌد ( Noun being counted
س ْبع ُة اِخْ وة س ْب ُع َاخوات
اِلي ِه • Is
اف
جرو ٌر ُ (henceمض ٌ
)م ُ ثمانِي ُة اِخْ وة ثمانِ ْي َاخوات
جم ٌع • Is
تِ ْسع ُة اِخْ وة تِ ْس ُع َاخوات
isمعدُو ٌد andعد ٌد The gender of
عشر ُة اِخْ وة ع ْش ُر َاخوات
opposite
doors three it has big school it the masjid from near it my school this
ثلاث ُة اَبواب لها ِهي مدرس ٌة ك ِبير ٌة ِهي قرِيب ٌة ِمن الم ِ
سج ِد ه ِذ ِه مدرس ِتي
spacious class it and our class this many classes the school in now open it’s doors
و ُهو فص ٌل و ِاس ٌع هذا فصلُنا ِفي المدرس ِة فُ ُصو ٌل ك ِثير ٌة اَبوا ُبها مف ُتوح ٌة الان
ُمبتدا ٌ اف
ُمض ٌ ُمبتدا ٌ عت
ن ٌ رف
ظ ٌ اف
ُمبتدا ٌ ُمض ٌ
عت
ن ٌ جرو ٌر ، جار وم ُ
اِلي ِه ُمبتدا ٌ ُمؤخَّ ٌر و ُهو اِلي ِه
خب ٌر و ُهو الجمل ِة، ِشب ُه ُ
خب ٌر رف
ح ُ خب ٌر اف
ُمض ٌ
اف
ُمض ٌ خب ٌر ُمق َّد ٌم
عطف
جرو ٌر
ُ م وب
ٌ نص ُ م مرفُو ٌع
اجدِ مس ِ مس
اجد اج ُدِ مس ِ الص
Diptote - رف َّ المم ُنو ُع ِمن
ِكتاب ِكتابا ٌ ِكت
اب Triptote - ب
ٌ ُمعر
٥ ٤
الجمل ُة ال ِفع ِل َّي ُة
ُ الجمل ُة ِالاس ِم َّي ُة
ُ
بِلا ٌل خرج ِمن الفصلِ حا ِم ٌد اَ ُخو ُه وزِي ٌر
ال َّطالِب ُ
ات ذهبن اِلى المدرس ِة ف ِاطم ُة ِعندها س َّيار ٌة
خب ٌر
)ARIC Arabic Class Notes – Part 5 (ver. 8 24