Ampere definition

Ampere or amp (symbol: A) is the unit of electrical current.

The Ampere unit is named after Andre-Marie Ampere, from France.
One Ampere is defined as the current that flows with electric charge of one Coulomb per second.

1 A = 1 C/s
Amperemeter
Ampere meter or ammeter is an electrical instrument that is used to measure electrical current in amperes.
When we want to measure the electrical current on the load, the ampere-meter is connected in series to the load.
The resistance of the ampere-meter is near zero, so it will not affect the measured circuit.

Table of ampere unit prefixes

name symbol conversion example

microampere
μA 1μA = 10-6A I = 50μA
(microamps)

milliampere (milliamps) mA 1mA = 10-3A I = 3mA

ampere (amps) A - I = 10A

kiloampere (kiloamps) kA 1kA = 103A I = 2kA

How to convert amps to microamps (μA)

The current I in microamperes (μA) is equal to the current I in amperes (A) divided by 1000000:

I(μA) = I(A) / 1000000
How to convert amps to milliamps (mA)
The current I in milliamperes (mA) is equal to the current I in amperes (A) divided by 1000:

I(mA) = I(A) / 1000
How to convert amps to kiloamps (kA)
The current I in kiloamperes (mA) is equal to the current I in amperes (A) times 1000:

I(kA) = I(A) ⋅ 1000
How to convert amps to watts (W)
The power P in watts (W) is equal to the current I in amps (A) times the voltage V in volts (V):

P(W) = I(A) ⋅ V(V)
How to convert amps to volts (V)
The voltage V in volts (V) is equal to the power P in watts (W) divided by the current I in amperes (A):

V(V) = P(W) / I(A)
The voltage V in volts (V) is equal to the current I in amperes (A) times the resistance R in ohms (Ω):

V(V) = I(A) ⋅ R(Ω)
How to convert amps to ohms (Ω)
The resistance R in ohms (Ω) is equal to the voltage V in volts (V) divided by the current I in amperes (A):

R(Ω) = V(V) / I(A)
How to convert amps to kilowatts (kW)
The power P in kilowatts (kW) is equal to the current I in amps (A) times the voltage V in volts (V) divided by 1000:
P(kW) = I(A) ⋅ V(V) / 1000
How to convert amps to kilovolt-ampere (kVA)
The apparent power S in kilovolt-amps (kVA) is equal to RMS current IRMS in amps (A), times the RMS voltage VRMS in
volts (V), divided by 1000:

S(kVA) = IRMS(A) ⋅ VRMS(V) / 1000
How to convert amps to coulombs (C)
The electric charge Q in coulombs (C) is equal to the current I in amps (A), times the time of current flow t in seconds
(s):

Q(C) = I(A) ⋅ t(s)
Volt (V)
Volt definition
Volt is the electrical unit of voltage or potential difference (symbol: V).
One Volt is defined as energy consumption of one joule per electric charge of one coulomb.

1V = 1J/C
One volt is equal to current of 1 amp times resistance of 1 ohm:

1V = 1A ⋅ 1Ω
Alessandro Volta
The Volt unit is named after Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist who invented an electric battery.

Volt subunits and conversion table

symbo
name conversion example
l

microvolt μV 1μV = 10-6V V = 30μV

millivolt mV 1mV = 10-3V V = 5mV

volt V - V = 10V
3
kilovolt kV 1kV = 10 V V = 2kV
6
megavolt MV 1MV = 10 V V = 5MV

Volts to watts conversion

The power in watts (W) is equal to the voltage in volts (V) times the current in amps (A):

watts (W) = volts (V) × amps (A)

Volts to joules conversion
The energy in joules (J) is equal to the voltage in volts (V) times the electric charge in coulombs (C):

joules (J) = volts (V) × coulombs (C)

Volts to amps conversion
The current in amps (A) is equal to the voltage in volts (V) divided by the resistance in ohms (Ω):

amps (A) = volts (V) / ohms(Ω)

The current in amps (A) is equal to the power in watts (W) divided by the voltage in volts (V):

amps (A) = watts (W) / volts (V)

Volts to electron-volts conversion
The energy in electronvolts (eV) is equal to the potential difference or voltage in volts (V) times the electric charge in
electron charges (e):

electronvolts (eV) = volts (V) × electron-charge (e)

                             = volts (V) × 1.602176e-19 coulombs(C)
 
Farad (F)
Farad is the unit of capacitance. It is named after Michael Faraday.
The farad measures how much electric charge is accumulated on the capacitor.
1 farad is the capacitance of a capacitor that has charge of 1 coulomb when applied voltage drop of 1 volt.

1F = 1C / 1V
Table of capacitance values in Farad
symbo
name conversion example
l

picofarad pF 1pF=10-12F C=10pF

nanofarad nF 1nF=10-9F C=10nF

-6
microfarad μF 1μF=10 F C=10μF

millifarad mF 1mF=10-3F C=10mF

farad F   C=10F
3
kilofarad kF 1kF=10 F C=10kF

megafarad MF 1MF=106F C=10MF

Picofarad (pF) to Farad (F) conversion

The capacitance C in farad (F) is equal to the capacitance C in picofarad (pF) times 10 -12:

C(F) = C(pF) × 10-12
Example - convert 30pF to farad:
C(F) = 30 pF × 10-12 = 30×10-12 F
Nanofarad (nF) to Farad (F) conversion
The capacitance C in farad (F) is equal to the capacitance C in nanofarad (nF) times 10 -9:

C(F) = C(nF) × 10-9
Example - convert 5nF to farad:
C(F) = 5 nF × 10-9 = 5×10-9 F
Microfarad (μF) to Farad (F) conversion
The capacitance C in farad (F) is equal to the capacitance C in microfarad (μF) times 10 -6:

C(F) = C(μF) × 10-6
Example - convert 30μF to farad:
C(F) = 30 μF × 10-6 = 30×10-6 F = 0.00003 F
Ohm (Ω)
Ohm (symbol Ω) is the electrical unit of resistance.
The Ohm unit was named after George Simon Ohm.

1Ω = 1V / 1A = 1J ⋅ 1s / 1C2
Table of resistance values of Ohm
symbo
name conversion example
l

milli-ohm mΩ 1mΩ = 10-3Ω R0 = 10mΩ

ohm Ω R1 = 10Ω

-

kilo-ohm kΩ 1kΩ = 103Ω R2 = 2kΩ

mega-ohm MΩ 1MΩ = 106Ω R3 = 5MΩ

Ohmmeter
Ohmmeter is a measurement device that measures resistance.

Power Calculator
Power consumption calculator: calculates electric power / voltage / current / resistance.
 DC power calculator
 AC power calculator
 Energy & power calculator

DC power calculation

Voltage (V) calculation from current (I) and resistance (R):

V  = I  × R
(V) (A) (Ω)

Complex power (S) calculation from voltage (V) and current (I):

P  = V  × I  = V  / R  = I   × R

(W) (V) (A)
 2
(V) (Ω)
2
(A) (Ω)

AC power calculator
AC power calculation
The voltage V in volts (V) is eqaul to the current I in amps (A) times the impedance Z in ohms (Ω):

V  = I  × Z  = (|I|×|Z|) ∠ (θ  + θ )

(V) (A) (Ω) I Z

The complex power S in volt-amps (VA) is equal to the voltage V in volts (V) times the current I in amps (A):

S  = V  × I  = (|V|×|I|) ∠ (θ  - θ )

(VA) (V) (A) V I

The real power P in watts (W) is equal to the voltage V in volts (V) times current I in amps (A) times the power factor
(cos φ):

P  = V  × I  × cos φ

(W) (V) (A)

The reactive power Q in volt-amps reactive (VAR) is equal to the voltage V in volts (V) times the current I in amps (A)
time the sine of the complex power phase angle (φ):

Q  = V  × I  × sin φ

(VAR) (V) (A)

The power factor (FP) is equal to the absolute value of the cosine of the complex power phase angle (φ):

PF = |cos φ|
Energy & power calculation
The average power P in watts (W) is equal to the energy consumed E in joules (J) divided by time period Δt  in seconds
(s):

P  = E  / Δt
(W) (J) (s)

Watt (W)
Watt definition
Watt is the unit of power (symbol: W).
The watt unit is named after James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine.
One watt is defined as the energy consumption rate of one joule per second.

1W = 1J / 1s
One watt is also defined as the current flow of one ampere with voltage of one volt.

1W = 1V × 1A
Watt to mW, kW, MW, GW, dBm, dBW conversion
calculator
Convert watt to milliwatt, kilowatt, megawatt, gigawatt, dBm, dBW.
Enter the power in one of the text boxes and press the Convert button:

Kilowatt definition
One kilowatt (kW) is equal to 1000 watts (W):

1kW = 1000W
One kilowatt is defined as energy consumption of 1000 joules for 1 second:

1kW = 1000J / 1s
One kilowatt is equal to 1000000 milliwatts:

1kW = 1000000mW
Kilowatt examples
Example #1
What is the power consumption in kW when energy of 30000 joules was released during 10 seconds?
Solution:

P(kW) = 30000J / 10s / 1000 = 3kW

Example #2
What is the power consumption when consuming 6kWh for 3 hours?
Solution:

P(kW) = 6kWh / 3h = 2kW

Kilowatt-hour definition
Kilowatt-hour is an energy unit (symbol kWh or kW⋅h).
One kilowatt-hour is defined as the energy consumed by power consumption of 1kW during 1 hour:

1 kWh = 1kW ⋅ 1h
One kilowatt-hour is equal to 3.6⋅106 joules:

1 kWh = 3.6⋅106 J
The energy E in kilowatt-hour (kWh) is equal to the power P in kilowatts (kW), times the time t in hours (h).

E(kWh) = P(kW) ⋅ t(h)
Kilowatt-hour example
For example what is the energy consumed when consuming 2kW for 3 hours?
Solution:

E(kWh) = 2kW ⋅ 3h = 6kWh

kWh to Wh, MWh, BTU, kBTU, J, kJ, MJ, GJ conversion
1kWh = 1000Wh = 0.001MWh
1kWh = 3412.14163312794 BTUIT = 3.41214163312794
kBTUIT
1kWh = 3.6⋅106J = 3600kJ = 3.6MJ = 0.0036GJ
kWh to Wh, MWh, BTU, kBTU, J, kJ, MJ, GJ conversion
kWh to BTU, Joule conversion table
Kilowatt-hour BTUIT Joule (J)
(kWh)
0.1 kWh 341.2142 BTU 3.6⋅105 J

1 kWh 3412.1416 BTU 3.6⋅106 J

10 kWh 34121.4163 BTU 3.6⋅107 J

100 kWh 341214.1633 BTU 3.6⋅108 J

1000 kWh 3412141.6331 BTU 3.6⋅109 J

10000 kWh 34121416.3313 BTU 3.6⋅1010 J

kWh meter
kWh meter is the electric meter that measures the amount of electrical energy in kWh that was consumed in the house.
The kWh meter has a counter display that counts units of kilowatt-hour (kWh). The energy consumption is calculated by
calculating the difference of the counter's reading in the specified period.

Cost of electricity bill

The cost of electricity bill is calculated by multiplying the number of kWh that were consumed by the cost of 1kWh.
For example, the electricity bill's cost for consumption of 900kWh per month with cost of 10 cents for 1kWh is
900kWh x 10¢ = 9000¢ = 90$.
How many kilowatt-hour does a house use?
Energy consumption of a house is about the range of 150kWh..1500kWh per month or 5kWh..50kWh per day.
It depends on the weather that affects the heating or air conditioning requirements and the number of people that live in
the house.
Power factor (kVAR)
Single phase circuit calculation
Power factor calculation:

PF = |cos φ| = 1000 × P  / (V  × I ) (kW) (V) (A)

Apparent power calculation:

|S | = V  × I  / 1000

(kVA) (V) (A)

Reactive power calculation:

Q (kVAR)  = √(|S |  - P ) (kVA)

2
(kW)
2

Power factor correction capacitor's capacitance calculation:

S  = P  / PF
corrected (kVA) (kW) corrected

Q  = √(S  - P )
corrected (kVAR) corrected (kVA)
2
(kW)
2

Q  = Q  - Q
c (kVAR) (kVAR) corrected (kVAR)

C  = 1000 × Q  / (2πf ×V )

(F) c (kVAR) (Hz) (V)
2

Three phase circuit calculation

For three phase with balanced loads:
Calculation with line to line voltage
Power factor calculation:

PF = |cos φ| = 1000 × P  / (√3 × V  × I ) (kW) L-L(V) (A)

Apparent power calculation:

|S | = √3 × V  × I  / 1000

(kVA) L-L(V) (A)

Reactive power calculation:

Q (kVAR)  = √(|S |  - P ) (kVA)

2
(kW)
2

Power factor correction capacitor's capacitance calculation:

Q  = Q  - Q
c (kVAR) (kVAR) corrected (kVAR)

C  = 1000 × Q  / (2πf ×V

(F) c (kVAR) (Hz) L-L(V)
2
)
Calculation with line to neutral voltage
Power factor calculation:

PF = |cos φ| = 1000 × P  / (3 × V  × I ) (kW) L-N(V) (A)

Apparent power calculation:

|S | = 3 × V  × I  / 1000

(kVA) L-N(V) (A)

Reactive power calculation:

Q (kVAR)  = √(|S |  - P ) (kVA)

2
(kW)
2

Power factor correction capacitor's capacitance calculation:

Q  = Q  - Q
c (kVAR) (kVAR) corrected (kVAR)

C  = 1000 × Q  / (3×2πf ×V

(F) c (kVAR) (Hz) L-N(V) )
2
Kilovolt-amp (kVA)
kVA is kilo-volt-ampere. kVA is a unit of apparent power, which is electrical power unit.
1 kilo-volt-ampere is equal to 1000 volt-ampere:

1kVA = 1000VA
1 kilo-volt-ampere is equal to 1000 times 1 volt times 1 ampere:

1kVA = 1000⋅1V⋅1A
kVA to volt-amps calculation
The apparent power S in volt-amps (VA) is equal to 1000 times the apparent power S in kilovolt-amps (kVA):

S(VA) =  1000 × S(kVA)

kVA to kW calculation
The real power P in kilowatts (kW) is equal to the apparent power S in kilovolt-amps (kVA), times the power factor PF:

P(kW) =  S(kVA) × PF
kVA to watts calculation
The real power P in watts (W) is equal to 1000 times the apparent power S in kilovolt-amps (kVA), times the power
factor PF:

P(W) =  1000 × S(kVA) × PF

kVA to amps calculation
Single phase kVA to amps calculation formula
The current I in amps is equal to 1000 times the apparent power S in kilovolt-amps, divided by the voltage V in volts:

I(A) = 1000 × S(kVA) / V(V)

3 phase kVA to amps calculation formula
Calculation with line to line voltage
The phase current I in amps (with balanced loads) is equal to 1000 times the apparent power S in kilovolt-amps, divided
by the square root of 3 times the line to line RMS voltage VL-L in volts:

I(A) = 1000 × S(kVA) / (√3 × VL-L(V) )

Calculation with line to neutral voltage
The phase current I in amps (with balanced loads) is equal to 1000 times the apparent power S in kilovolt-amps, divided
by 3 times the line to neutral RMS voltage VL-N in volts:

I(A) = 1000 × S(kVA) / (3 × VL-N(V) )

 
How to convert horsepower to kilowatts
How to convert power in horsepower (hp) units to kilowatts (kW) units.

Mechanic / Hydraulic horsepower to kilowatts

One mechanic or hydraulic horsepower is equal to 0.745699872 kilowatts:

1 hp(I) = 745.699872 W = 0.745699872 kW

So the power conversion of horsepower to kilowatts is given by:

P(kW) = 0.745699872 ⋅ P(hp)

Example
Convert 10 hp to kW:

P(kW) = 0.745699872 ⋅ 10hp = 7.45699872 kW

 

Electrical horsepower to kilowatts

One electrical horsepower is equal to 0.746 kilowatts:

1 hp(E) = 746 W = 0.746 kW

So the power conversion of horsepower to kilowatts is given by:

P(kW) = 0.746 ⋅ P(hp)

Example
Convert 10 hp to kW:

P(kW) = 0.746 ⋅ 10hp = 7.460 kW

 

Metric horsepower to kilowatts

One metric horsepower is equal to 0.73549875 kilowatts:

1 hp(M) = 735.49875 W = 0.73549875 kW

So the power conversion of horsepower to kilowatts is given by:

P(kW) = 0.73549875 ⋅ P(hp)

Example
Convert 10 hp to kW:

P(kW) = 0.73549875 ⋅ 10hp = 7.3549875 kW

Decibel-milliwatt (dBm)

dBm definition
dBm or decibel-milliwatt is an electrical power unit in decibels (dB), referenced to 1 milliwatt (mW).
 
The power in decibel-milliwatts (P(dBm)) is equal to 10 times base 10 logarithm of the power in milliwatts (P(mW)):

P(dBm) = 10 ⋅ log10( P(mW) / 1mW)

 
The power in milliwatts (P(mW)) is equal to 1mW times 10 raised by the power in decibel-milliwatts (P(dBm)) divided by 10:

P(mW) = 1mW ⋅ 10(P(dBm) / 10)

 
1 milliwatt is equal to 0 dBm:

1mW = 0dBm
 
1 watt is equal to 30dBm:

1W = 1000mW = 30dBm
How to convert mW to dBm
How to convert power in milliwatts (mW) to dBm.
The power in dBm is equal to the base 10 logarithm of the power in milliwatts (mW):

P(dBm) = 10 ⋅ log10( P(mW) / 1mW)

 
For example: what is the power in dBm for power consumption of 100mW?
Solution:

P(dBm) = 10 ⋅ log10( 100mW / 1mW) = 20dBm

How to convert dBm to mW
How to convert power in dBm to milliwatts (mW).
The power in milliwatts (P(mW)) is equal to 10 raised by the power in dBm (P(dBm)) divided by 10?

P(mW) = 1mW ⋅ 10(P(dBm) / 10)

 
For example: what is the power in milliwatts for power consumption of 20dBm?
Solution:

P(mW) = 1mW ⋅ 10(20dBm / 10) = 100mW

How to convert Watt to dBm
How to convert power in watts (W) to dBm.
The power in dBm is equal to the base 10 logarithm of the power in watts (W) plus 30dB:

P(dBm) = 10 ⋅ log10( P(W) / 1W) + 30

 
For example: what is the power in dBm for power consumption of 100W?
Solution:

P(dBm) = 10 ⋅ log10( 100W / 1W ) + 30 = 50dBm

How to convert dBm to Watt
How to convert power in dBm to watts (W).
The power in watts (P(W)) is equal to 10 raised by the power in dBm (P(dBm)) minus 30dB divided by 10:

P(W) = 1W ⋅ 10(  (P(dBm)- 30) / 10)

 
For example: what is the power in watts for power consumption of 40dBm?
Solution:

P(W) = 1W ⋅ 10( (40dBm - 30) / 10) = 10W

How to convert dBW to dBm
How to convert power in dBW to dBm.
The power in dBm is equal to the base 10 logarithm of the power in watts (W):

P(dBm) = P(dBW) + 30
 
For example: what is the power in dBm for power consumption of 20dBW?
Solution:

P(dBm) = 20dBW + 30 = 50dBm

How to convert dBm to dBW
How to convert power in dBm to dBW.
The power in dBW (P(dBW)) is equal to 10 raised by the power in dBm (P(dBm)) divided by 10:

P(dBW) = P(dBm) - 30
 
For example: what is the power in watts for power consumption of 40dBm?
Solution:

P(dBW) = 40dBm - 30 = 10dBW

How to convert dB to dBm
dB is a relative unit that describes gain and dBm is an absolute unit referenced to 1 milliwatt (mW).
So you can't convert dB to dBm.

dBm to Watt, mW, dBW conversion table

Power
Power (dBW) Power (watt) Power (mW)
(dBm)

-100 dBm -130 dBW 0.1 pW 0.0000000001 mW

-90 dBm -120 dBW 1 pW 0.000000001 mW

-80 dBm -110 dBW 10 pW 0.00000001 mW

-70 dBm -100 dBW 100 pW 0.0000001 mW

-60 dBm -90 dBW 1 nW 0.000001 mW

-50 dBm -80 dBW 10 nW 0.00001 mW

-40 dBm -70 dBW 100 nW 0.0001 mW

-30 dBm -60 dBW 1 μW 0.001 mW

-20 dBm -50 dBW 10 μW 0.01 mW

-10 dBm -40 dBW 100 μW 0.1 mW

-1 dBm   -31 dBW 794 μW 0.794 mW

0 dBm -30 dBW 1.000 mW 1.000 mW

1 dBm -29 dBW 1.259 mW 1.259 mW

10 dBm -20 dBW 10 mW 10 mW

20 dBm -10 dBW 100 mW 100 mW

30 dBm 0 dBW 1W 1000 mW

40 dBm 10 dBW 10 W 10000 mW

50 dBm 20 dBW 100 W 100000 mW

60 dBm 30 dBW 1 kW 1000000 mW

70 dBm 40 dBW 10 kW 10000000 mW

80 dBm 50 dBW 100 kW 100000000 mW

90 dBm 60 dBW 1 MW 1000000000 mW

100 dBm 70 dBW 10 MW 10000000000 mW