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Sarhad University, Peshawar

Department: BUSINESS ADM Program: M.COM4
Examination: FINAL Exam Spring 2020
Course & Course Code: Research Methods for Business (RES 379)
*Student’s Name: WASEEM SAJJAD Total Marks: 50 (50% weightage)

*Registration # SU-19-02-033-002 Instructor: Syed Gohar Abbas

*Student’s Email:WSAJAD26@GMAI.COM Duration: 24 Hours

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE STUDENTS:

 Answer All Questions in the same Question Paper under each question/section subsequently.
 Upload the same at your SUIT PORTAL only and Answer Sheet sent through EMAIL will not be accepted.
 The total size of this file should not exceed 1MB at the time of uploading it at portal so don’t insert images.
 Just type the answers under each question, avoid inserting images and follow the instructions at SUIT Portal.
 Before uploading, save the file in this format FINAL EXAM_DEPARTMENT_COURSE_Student
Name_Reg#.doc
 Copying, plagiarism, and sharing your answers with other students is strictly prohibited and disciplinary action
will be initiated against such students
 The students must submit this answer sheet on SUIT Portal as an assignment till last step as mentioned in this
video/tutorial before the deadline: https://youtu.be/Vnpz5nKkfgM

Attempt All Questions. Each Question Carries 10 marks. Mention the references (if any) as
footnotes or at the end after completing the question.

Q1 (a)-Browse tables 01 & 02 (ATTACHED) which show some SPSS outputs

(Reliability Statistics/Cronbach’s Alpha values & Factor Analysis).
As a researcher interpret Table 1 & Table 2 & briefly outline what you will do to
address the issues (if any) in the above mentioned tables.
OR
Q1 (b)- Briefly discuss the concept of “Goodness of Data” with pertinent examples

ANS: The concept of goodness of data means the data must be reliable and valid.

The reliability of data

The reliability means that data must be accurate and complete. The secondary data
has that issue if it is not accurate and complete then it will give you the wrong results.
The primary data always has the completeness issue. Another issue with data is the
consistency issue. Consistency means that data items in set must be highly
correlated.
Example: school staff data must include all the information of the all staff members
and that should be provided with accuracy.

The validity of data

The data must be valid. It means that the methods which are used in the research
must be accurate with the data. The result of the data will applied to the real world.
This generalizability of the data. You must be aware of what are you want to measure.
 Construct validity ( measurement process must be valid)
 Content validity ( test tool must cover the concept of data)
 Face validity (the method of data process is suitable)
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Example: measuring the personality type must measure the personality not the
attitude.

Q2 - Briefly discuss the elements of a good questionnaire design.

Questionnaire is a research tool which is used to collect information from desire
party. It has questions of both types i.e. open ended or close ended.

ANS: ELEMENTS OF A GOOD QUESTIONNAIRE

A good question has the following elements:

CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
The data must be classified into personal data and concern data.
There should be option for giving personal information of the will of correspondent. If
he do not want to give personal data then he must be allow.

STANDARD OF WORDING
This element means that your language and words must be polite and sophisticated.
The respondent can easily understand the question and must not be difficult for him.

FORM OF QUESTIONS
The selection of question and type of question must be accurate with data type. The
good questionnaire has both ended question. The open ended provide the exact
information and it help correspondent to express his/her view. The close ended
question provide the exact answer in your terms.

EXPERT OPINION
The opinion of the senior researcher and expertise must be taken while preparing a
questionnaire.

NO RECALL DEPENDENT QUESTIONS

The research questionnaire must be free of such type of question which require to
think. Its waste the time of correspondent.

NO LEADING QUESTIONS
The landing questions mean that a question which make a respondent to think his self
in a certain level. This type of question must not be included in questionnaire.

NO LOADING QUESTIONS
This means that question must not be charge with emotions. The question need to be
free of any pity.

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Q3 (a)- Define sampling and its importance. What is the difference between
probability & non probability sampling?

OR
Q3 (b)-Browse table 03 (ATTACHED) which show some Regression Analysis. As a
researcher interpret the results briefly by considering the significance level at 5% (.05)

TABLE 03 (FOR QUESTION # 3 B): REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Standardize
d
Coefficients
Model Beta t Sig.

Promotion Opportunities .132 0.049 .081

Interpersonal Conflicts - .233 -3.676 .004
Financial Incentives .345 3.444 .009
Dependent Variable: Job Satisfaction ---- (Significance level at 5% (.05))

ANS:
INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA
 The promotion opportunities (b=0.132) is insignificant (t= 0.049 at p= 0.081
which is greater than 0.05) which means that the promotion opportunities has
no impact on job satisfaction.
 The Interpersonal Conflicts (b=-0.233) is significant (t= -3.676 at p= 0.004 which
is less than 0.05) which means that the Interpersonal Conflicts has greater
impact on job satisfaction.
 The Financial Incentives (b=0.345) is significant (t= 3.444 at p= 0.009 which is
less than 0.05) which means that the Financial Incentives has greater impact on
job satisfaction.

Q4 (a)- Preliminary data analysis/screening e.g. missing values, outliers, aberrant

values, normality checks etc. is very important to clean the data for regression
analysis. Briefly discuss these terms in the context of preliminary data analysis.
OR
Q4 (b)-Browse table 04 (ATTACHED) which shows results of some preliminary data
analysis for Research Performance. As a researcher, briefly discuss these results of
Normality, Histogram & QQ plot.

ANS:
Tables & Graphs for 04 (FOR QUESTION # 3 B): Preliminary Data Analysis

Tests of Normality for Research Performance

Kolmogorov-Smirnov Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Research
.221 274 .000 .776 274 .000
Performance
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The value of Shapiro-Wilk for research performance is p=0.000 which means that the
data is significantly deviated from the normal distribution. We will reject the null
hypothesis.
Histogram for Research Performance

The histogram show that majority of value lies on the left side of the chart (range from
1 to 3). Few value lies in right side of the chart. The data is not normally distributed.

Normal QQ Plot for Research Performance

The normal Q-Q plot of standardized residual performance show that the data is
deviated from the mean value. It means it is not normally distributed.

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Q5- Define the following topics in the context of research (5+5)

1 – Z Score 2 – Marketing Research

ANS:

Z score

The Z score show us deviation of a data from the mean position. It also show us the
standard deviation from the population mean. It range from -3 to +3. The -3 show the
left side of data distribution and +3 show the right side distribution. This is the normal
distribution of the data. The Z score is used to find out the difference in population
means while the variance are known and sample size is large. It is used to compare
the population means to sample.
Z score find out the result with the comparison of the normal distribution.
Formula: z = (x – μ).

Marketing research

Market research is the process in which the new product or service is produce with
the help of the potential customer’s response. This help a business to find out the
target customer and market. Market research also provide information about the
existing products demands and market positioning and need of improvement in the
product.

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