GROUP 8

MEVAGISSEY FLOOD PROPOSAL

JULIEN ANDRE, YIXIU ZHUGE, PEI ONG, OLIVER LEBRECHT, YUQI SHEN, ANTHONY KHOURI
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview 1.3 Catchment Overview

The culvert was built over 100 years ago to
prevent flooding in the small fishing port.
Since then much of the land in the catchment
area has been converted from wild growth to
be used for farming and grazing. This
increases the amount of water entering the
streams and reduces the time taken to reach
them. The growth of the town in the narrow
flat areas, the drainage point for the
catchment area, results in a larger urban area
at risk and further limits the drainage
capacity.

1.4 Drivers
◆ Economic and Environmental challenges
of flooding.
Figure 1: Location of Mevagissey (1) ◆ Need for a long-term solution.
◆ Residents and locals need for security.
◆ Design for an appropriate level of
Mevagissey, a small coastal town in Cornwall, South West England, is subjected rainfall.
to flooding frequently. The main drainage feature is a culvert that runs under the
town and flows out into the harbour. Periods of significant rainfall often results in
Figure 3: Catchment of Mevagissey
fluvial flooding, when the river flow exceeds the limited capacity of the culvert and 1.5 Quantification
the excess water flows through the town. When tides reach the level of the culverts
outlet on the harbour wall it further limits the flow capacity of the culvert, increasing
the likelihood of flooding. On occasion high tides and tidal surges alone cause smaller 1.6 Project Aims and Philosophy
Total Runoff
scale flooding.
45800 m3
Total Storage
1.2 Effects and frequency of flooding 16000 m3 ◆ To avoid residents leaving the area, people may leave the area if they consider it
Excess Water
29800 m3
inhospitable and unsafe.
During flooding the town’s population experience disruptions to daily life, suffer ◆ Protect and grow the local tourist dependent economy. The cost of flood damage
financially and are exposed to some safety risks. The roads in and out of the town 1 in 5 years
3.2 km
Average flow rate to individuals and the wider disruptions it causes in the town.
become impassable for pedestrians and most vehicles. The emergency services are Storm event 8.3 m3/s ◆ Long term protection and stability for the town.
Catchment
Rainfall Peak flow rate
located in areas at risk of flooding and therefore sometimes have restricted 5.2 km3
20.7 m3/s
◆ Negative environmental impacts of flooding – soil, and vegetation being
21 mm/h
capabilities during floods. Prolonged or severe flooding requires an evacuation of Rural Urban uprooted and displaced. Also linked to the damage of drainage facilities in the
Total volume Culvert Flow
4.55km3 0.65 km3 3
hundreds of people, major damage to people’s homes and to the commercial 109200 m Capacity town.
facilities and infrastructure the town relies on. Flooding occurs frequently, numerous 10.6 m3/s ◆ Reduce dependence on the 100-year-old culvert. The condition of the masonry
Longest Stretch
times a year and the town has at one time flooded eleven times in a two-month 3.2 km culvert is unknown and future condition unpredictable.
period. Catchment ◆ Time-efficient and cost-efficient design to mitigate flood risk in the urban areas.
5.2 km3
Rural Urban
4.55km3 0.65 km3
1.7 Constraints

◆ Much of the catchment area is part of a wider Cornwall nature reserve and classified as an area of natural beauty (AONB). Significant
alterations of the environment or landscape might be unpopular with some, and unlikely to be granted permission.
◆ The topography is variable with steep slopes in many areas. Locations to implement solutions are difficult to find. Use of suggested
locations will require purchase of land from land owners and farmers.
◆ The cost of the preventing flooding needs to be acceptable to the environment agency in comparison to the cost of recovery from
flooding over the design life. This is normally a 1:8 ratio.
◆ The solution should be environmentally and socially acceptable, with mitigation measures included for negative impacts where
Figure 2: Flooded Mevagissey (2) possible.
◆ Flooding during construction could make the constructability challenging and increase costs further.
2.0 OPTION 1 – SECONDARY OUTFLOW

2.1 Overview 2.2 Design Specification 2.Options 2.3 Cost estimation

As the current culvert is of insufficient The size of the new culvert is suggested to be CONSTRUCTION
diameter to contain and transport all 2.2m diameter to cope with a peak flow rate
excess water, a secondary source of Length (m) 175m
of a 1 in 30 year likelihood storm event.
outflow must be designed and Cost per m (£) £1,500
When designing water transport systems, it is
implemented to prevent future flooding. important to minimise the bends, as these Depth above culvert (% increase) 1.2
This can be done via the enlargement of severely affect the flow rate of the water. The
the current culvert or the introduction Total (£) £315,000
proposed culvert option 2 offers this,
of a secondary one. As the current MAINTENANCE
however the uneven ground height and
culvert is located underneath buildings, increased length make this option unviable. Maintenance per year (£) £1,500
enlargement is not an option as these The proposed culvert option 1 is a better
would need to be knocked down. Access difficulty (% increase) 2
choice, with overall smaller length, causing
Therefore the introduction of secondary less disruption, quicker construction time and Shape of culvert/ bends (% increase) 2
culvert to ease pressure off current one decreased digging costs.
is a more viable option. Figure 4: Second Culvert Total over 50 years (£) £300,000
MATERIALS

2.2 Design Specification 1.Channel Design Precast concrete culvert (x175) £175,000
DISRUPTION
The factors which must be considered when designing a secondary outflow are as follows: Loss of business (£) £160,000
◆ Minimising the impact on people, houses and jobs
◆ Length and gradient of the culvert, kept low to decrease material usage and costs. TOTAL
◆ Materials and shape of culvert, specific to its usage and lifetime Total Construction + Maintenance (£) £950,000
◆ Depth of culvert, avoiding any interactions with existing utilities such as gas or
(These are estimates calculated using information provided by the
electricity
Environmental Agency & Internal Drainage Board, 2004)
◆ Time and duration of work, avoiding unfavourable weather conditions & easy
maintenance. Figure 5: Vertical Profile of Current Culvert

2.4 EIA Assessment

SOCIAL
Impact Mitigation
Temporary road
closures, affecting Construction will take place during
tourism and local off-peak tourist season
businesses
Noise to local Work will only take place during the
residences due to day, avoiding disruption on
excavation weekends
Figure 6: Vertical Profile of Proposed Culvert 1 Health & Safety guidelines will be
Risk to general public adhered to, and live construction
during construction sites will be off limits to the general
public
ENVIRONMENTAL
Impact Mitigation

Disposing of harmful chemicals in a

Disruption to
correct manner, avoiding any
ecosystems
accidents or spills

Avoid any dumping near stream,

Water contamination minimising and removing debris
Figure 7: Proposal of Option 1
Figure 8: Vertical Profile of Proposed Culvert 2 when building near water
3.0 OPTION 2 – RAINWATER-FLOOD STORAGE

3.1 Overview 3.3 Comparison 3.5 Cost Estimation

Item Cost Unit Total

(£) Cost
(£)
Tank 16800 5 84000

Labour 20 3000 60000

Pump 2 10000 20000

Figure 10: Household Water Figure 11: Geocellular Storm Crates
Tank
Household Water Tank Geocellular Storage System The total cost for Geocellular storage
system is therefore 920000£.
Advantage ◆ Once installed, the water ◆ Capable of controlling
stored can have household overflows of riverbanks.
Figure 9: Mevagissey Flood Area (3) usage, such as toilet flushing ◆ Since its frame is made from
and garden watering. Plastic, the material is light 3.6 EIA Assessment
The flooded zone in Mevagissey is highlighted in blue in the above map. Since the heavy
and therefore easy to
rainfall exceeds the culvert capacity, excessive water no longer goes into the culvert and
transport.
remains on surface instead. To reduce surface water run-off, some rainwater-flood
◆ The tank is relatively inert to EIA Impact
storage measures are proposed: Water flows into drainage, and then into a water
chemical activities such as
storage tank. The water is then pumped out of the tank or reutilised after the storm.
natural erosion.
Social
◆ Structurally sound.
3.2 Design Specification 1. Site Location ◆ The flexible modular and Less invasive to
Day to day life
honeycomb characteristics people's lives
◆ The site has to be in proximity to the river to reduce the amount of water that goes of Geocellular storm crates Less disruption due
into the culvert. Disruption
made them quicker and to scale
◆ The site should locate within the flooded zone in order to maximise the usage of Figure 12: Inlet of the water tank
easier to be installed. Environmental
water tanks.
◆ *Note that the site that satisfies both requirements are the local car parks at Willow Disadvantage ◆ Cost a lot in transportation. ◆ Difficult to monitor the flow. Decreased sewer
Car & Coach Park and Sunny Corner Parking Limited. ◆ potential risks of spreading ◆ Difficult to carry out overflow leads to
Bacteria
waterborne disease in maintenance. lowered amounts of
3.2 Design Specification 2. Methods residential area. ◆ Relevantly higher cost in harmful bacteria
◆ Water tank might breed maintenance. Less risk of water
There are several approaches to store water, including reservoir (which will be mosquitos in summer. ◆ Need more time to install. Water contamination due
illustrated in option 3 with an embankment dam), wetland, ponds, water tanks and
Site Location ◆ In 1,000 households ◆ In 2 Car parks (Willow Car & contamination to small scale of
ground aquifers. In this section, Household water tank and Geocellular storage system
Coach Park and Sunny project
will be discussed and compared.
Corner Parking Limited.) Smaller impact on
3.2.2.1 Household Water Tanks 3.2.2.2 Geocellular storage ecosystems due to
Ecosystems
According to the comparison table above, Geocellular storage system apparently has got small scale of
◆ Water retained on the roof is A Geocellular system where after the more advantages than disadvantages. Considering sustainability, household water tanks are project
guided down to the storage. water reaches a certain height in the river, more vulnerable to climate change and might not be able to fulfil the needs in the future. Economical
◆ The retained water reduced the pipe openings in the channel bank allow Building Geocellular storage system in 2 car parks is obviously easier than installing water
Small cost
amount of water landing on road large volumes of water to flow down into a tanks in 1000 households. As household water tanks give more threat to communities,
compared to larger
surface. storage system. These pipes are designed Geocellular system is relevantly safer. In all, evidences show that Geocellular storage system Overall project cost
engineering
◆ Water is allowed to flow out with a to stop reverse flow as it fills up. The is a better choice and it provides a more lasting solution to the flooding in Mevagissey.
measures
tap. storm crates are relatively lightweight but
◆ Water directed to the household structurally sound to support the loads of Health & Safety
flushing system. the ground and car park. The ratio of 3.4 Time Estimation Risk to general
plastic to voids, available for water storage Risk to public public greatly
is less than 1:20 making an effective flood Population in Mevagissey is around 2,000. Roughly, an estimation of 1,000 household water
minimised
risk mitigation tool. tanks would be necessary to reach the required volume. This is a difficult and lengthy
implementation.
The construction of Geocellular storage system would be slightly more disruptive but is one
site and would take up to 3 months.
4.0 OPTION 3 - DAM

4.1 Overview

Mevagissey is a seaport town

located in a water catchment area and
at the downstream of a river. Due to
the heavy rainfall in that area, water
flows into the wide valley and cause
the river to overflow. Therefore,
constructing a rock-fill dam at Figure 15a: Cross-section of the dam
upstream to control the water flows
into the river will be one of the options. Figure 14: Area of the reservoir
Rock-fill dam is suggested as the raw
materials can be easily obtained from
Brookland Sand & Aggregate and it is
cheaper to build.

4.2 Design Specification Figure 15b: Front view of the dam

The maximum water level of the reservoir in a regular storm is estimated to be 5 metres.
However, in a 1:30 years event, the water level in reservoir can reach 8.5 metres 4.3 Maintenance
tall. Therefore, a 10 metres tall dam is proposed to solve Mevagissey’s flooding problem.
The maintenance cost can be divided into
raw material cost and worker Figure 16: Detail cross-section of the dam
salary. Assume each year 2 m3 of raw
materials will be used to repair the dam
and 10 maintenance workers will be hired
for 3000pppm. In order to check the 4.5 EIA Assessment
deformation and the condition of the
dam, Geomantic surveillance must be
conducted to monitor the dam. The cost ◆ Farmland located in the reservoir area will be flooded, and thus
of a total station, automatic leveller and Social conflict between the authorities and the local will occur.
several tripods is £10500. So, the total ◆ A tourist attraction
maintenance cost each year is £371573. ◆ Conservation of local natural heritage

Figure 13: Plan View of the dam

4.4 Cost Estimation
Reservoir Emergency Spillway ◆ Dust, ground vibration and sound pollution will be created while
The Total cost required is £1,402,242 harvesting the rocks.
An artificial lake used to store water. A spillway that prevents overtopping of
Filter the dam in case of emergency Component Cost Units Total Cost ◆ Loss of natural habitat for animal species that lives in upstream.
Filter is used to minimize the internal conditions. (£) (£) Environmental ◆ Dam obstruct the migration of the fish species in the river.
erosion and migration of soil. Upstream Slope Rocks 26.5 4872.5 129122 ◆ Changes from free-flowing water system to a reservoir habitat,
per m3 altering the characteristic of the water.
Outer shell and Inner shell The slope of the dam facing upstream
Provide structural strength to the dam. (According to the Engineering toolbox, Clay 410 992 406720 ◆ Potential growth of algae on the surface of the water, which
Core slope gradient is designed to be 1:1.2). per m3 decline entry of sunlight into the water, killing underwater plant.
Prevent water from passing through Downstream Slope Workers 3500 240 840000 ◆ Downstream riverbed will be severely eroded. The deepened river
the dam. The slope of the dam facing pppm bed will cause drop of water level, which decline plants
Transportatio 9000 2 18000 accessibility to water.
Keeps water tight in the dam downstream (According to the
n per
Core trench and Curtain grouting Engineering toolbox, slope gradient is month
Prevent water seepage underneath the designed to be 1:1.5). Temporary 2500 2 5000
dam. Outlet Channel Set ups per Economical ◆ Raw materials can be obtained from Brookland Sand and
Principle Spillway A channel where the discharged water month Aggregates, which is a rock supplier 13km away from the
Regulate the outflow into the river. flows. Concrete 100 20 2800 construction site.
Discharge Conduit Concrete Footing per m3 ◆ Provide job opportunities to local resident. (E.g. Vacancies for
Allow water taken in by principle Act as a foundation to support the Excavation 20 30 600 Maintenance worker)
spillway to flow out. principle spillway. (cut and fill) per m3
5.0 OPTION 4 – AFFORESTATION

5.1 Overview 5.3 Existing State

Evaluating the catchment it was found that the overall percentage of rainfall that drains The age of the current drainage systems
out of the catchment is 42% of the total rainfall, with rainfall in rural areas the significant and lack of detailed plans from its
contributor to this. Included in this assumption is that 35% of rainfall in rural areas and construction presents many unknowns.
90% in the village requires draining. To reduce these values some design options are For the purpose of this project we have
evaluated. assumed the culvert takes a straight line
These Long-term design suggestions are important due to extreme weather patterns and from the inflow to the outflow. Its
rising sea-levels (limiting culvert effectiveness) expected as a consequence of global condition is also unknown, but the
warming. Victorian masonry presents many
challenges for any alterations. In addition
it runs under some of the main
commercial and residential spots in the
town making it nigh impossible to access
from the surface. Any works would
require access from inside the culvert,
presenting a dangerous working
environment and difficult tasks. Even
Figure 18: Area proposed to afforestation
were it possible to restore it to maximum
it is likely it would still not meet drainage
5.2 Design 2. Urban area – Drainage Options
requirements, especially looking to the
near future.
Future development and expansion in the town and modifications to current drainage
should make use of these designs to slow the rate that water drains into the culvert or Doing nothing over time would destroy
retains the water during a flood event reducing the volume of water the culvert needs to the entire social and economical fabric of
drain. the town, affecting the wider area that
This is possible using pipes that limit flow below capacity and store the water using valves relies on the town. This includes the
until a more suitable time to drain. Any urban expansion should incorporate these farmers that are negatively impacted by
concepts to not worsen and potentially improve the situation by using surfaces and layers some of the design suggestions. The
that could absorb surface water and store/drain slowly. environmental impacts of flooding when
the water flows through the town,
picking up dirt, waste, sewage and
pollutants and washes into the sea is also
Figure 17: Willow Tree
undesirable. Thus an implementation of
flooding risk mitigation measures is
5.2 Design 1.Rural area - Afforestation advisable.
The planting of trees and/or vegetation species (afforestation) that require large
volumes of water naturally and absorb water quickly is a way to reduce flooding. This
is a long-term measure as it takes time to become fully effective once trees fully
grown.
A detailed study of biodiversity is required to evaluate what species can be introduced
or only trees native to the area can be used. A suggestion of species to be used is the
Figure 19: Slower Drainage
willow tree. It grows at a relatively fast rate compared to other species, its natural
habitat is a water environment. It requires vast volumes of water to grow, suitable for
the Cornwall climate. Its large, strong, wide and deep roots besides drawing water Afforestation Cost (£)
from surrounding areas help to prevent soil erosion. This decreases sediment filling up
the river but more importantly increases permeability further.
It easily reproduces from broken twigs so some control may be required to stop Planting 2000 per
uncontrollable growth. They have a relatively short lifespan of about 30 years, (dependent on hectare
therefore, controlled carefully a stable, continuous, self-sufficient population of willow species)
trees can be established. Lack of water for some farmland close to willow trees limits
the suitable locations, about 40m distance is advisable. Annual 50,000
10,000 trees planted per hectare at a low estimate of 10 litres absorbed per hour Maintenance
during a flood event, 100 hectares of planting would reduce the excess by 10,000 m3.

Figure 20: Options for temporarily storing water

6.0 EVALUATION OF OPTIONS

6.1 Decision Matrix 6.2 Decision Process

Table 1: Comparison of each option.
Secondary Culvert
Maintenace ◆ Periodic Maintenance to clear
openings of debris
◆ Ensure secure to prevent entry
of humans and animals into the
culvert
Social ◆ Significant disruption during co
nstruction, access and
commercial
◆ Visible at the harbour wall and
entry point is unpleasant
Environmental ◆ Negative impact on aquatic life
◆ Increases level of pollutants
from water running through
urban area
◆ Change in Hydrology
◆ Excavated soil relocation
Safety ◆ Complicated and potentially
dangerous construction due to
existing underground facilities
◆ Culverts contribute limitedly to
tidal flooding
Table 2: Scoring in each individual sector.
Relative Secondary
Evaluation
Weight Culvert
Economic 3 3
Environment 3 4
Social 3 5
Constructability 2 4
Flood Prevention 4 2
Water Storage Dam Afforestation Table 1 goes through the main impacts
of each design option. Following
◆ Periodic Maintenance of pump ◆ Periodic maintenance of ◆ Complicated management of growth through, Table 2 gives weighting to the
and sediment removal and mechanical parts to keep limited to assigned areas importance of each category and
mechanical flow controls ◆ Full examination after sustained scores the design options impacts from
periods of extreme weather 1-5, with 1 being the least negative
impact. The lowest overall total gives
the design that is likely to be the most
beneficial across all categories and
◆ Little visible impacts after ◆ Necessary to ◆ Necessary to purchase farmers land therefore suitable. The numbers are
implementation purchase farmers land ◆ Change in character of area not the only source used in the
◆ Mild disruption ◆ Unlikely to get planning and/or decision-making process but useful to
during construction to car park public support assist and an easy way to compare all
accessibility and some traffic ◆ Attraction to boost tourism options from a general perspective.
adjustments ◆ Reservoir introduces new
opportunities to the area The Environmental Agency's
requirements of a cost-benefit ratio of
1:8 is an important factor to enable
accessing of funds for the overall
◆ Slight changes in river course ◆ Sediment prevented from being ◆ New Habitats project. Even though a design might
for length of car parks carried downstream, builds up in ◆ Soil Retention have a low score, a high score for any
◆ Pipes and pumps will change reservoir ◆ Biodiversity- Species Interaction individual factor, (safety, environment,
the natural hydrology and ◆ Obstruction to fish migration ◆ Increased precipitation is a social) would be enough to discount it
river appearance ◆ Extensive flooding of land as part concern from increasing amount of
◆ Excavated soil relocation of reservoir creation trees significantly Alongside any construction measures
◆ Still water introduces algae ◆ Change of land usage soft engineering measures are
◆ Change in Hydrology suggested for example preventing
waste build up in channel or culvert. In
addition for the long-term afforestation
◆ Narrow, potentially weakened ◆ Pre-construction work necessary will reduce reliance on drainage
ground between river and to ensure safety systems.
underground storage needs to ◆ Disastrous consequences in event
be monitored and evaluated. of failure The geocellular storage has been
chosen as the best solution. With the
mitigation measures it has the smallest
environmental impact and is likely to
be the most popular among all the
stakeholders.
Table 3: Cost and time estimation
Water
Dam Afforestation Option Cost (£) Project Time
Storage
3 4 1 Culvert 1.1 million 2 months
1 5 3
Dam 1.4 million 1 year
2 3 4
Storage 1.1 million 3 months
2 4 3
2 2 3 Afforestation 250,000 10 years

Total Impact 52 30 52 42 Cost of Flooding over 30 years expected to be £10 million

7.0 FINAL DESIGN
7.6 Time and Cost Estimation
7.1 Overview
Suggested time periods for works to take place is in May to July, after the spring tides
This design aims to simulate natural and before the rain season. During construction the car park will not be able to be used
ecological conditions through the and after accessibility will only be suitable for regular vehicles, (not coaches and HGV’s)
storage, infiltration, evaporation, A pumping system is also installed and thus the total cost is estimated to
retention and reduction in surface water be £1,144,117.
run-off.
Component Unit Cost (£ per unit) Total cost (£)
Stormcrate 168000 5 840000
7.2 Site selection Permeable Layer 145833 0.5 72917
The overflowed water from the river Manpower 68 3000 pppm 204000
reaches ground level and results in Pumping rental 3 200 7200
flooding of the town. In order to reduce Pumping station 2 10000 20000
the amount of surfaced water,
underground water storage is proposed 7.7 Waste Management
as final design to solve the problem.
Willow Car & Coach Park and Sunny Waterwheels are used during
Corner Parking Limited is chosen as the construction to reduce dusts. Since they
sprinkle water out in small amounts,
renovation site because it is located
waterlogging is very unlikely to happen.
next to the river.
Figure 21: Selected sites (4) When it comes to the demolition waste,
it is essential to concentrate them and
7.3 Design Specification 7.5 Other Considerations then use net coverage or water spray to
prevent dusts.
Under the Willow Car & Coach Park, a One of the major environmental concern of
100m x 40m x 6m storage is installed. The amount of dirt removal is huge and
this project is the ecosystem in the river.
On the other side, the Sunny Corner will be transported in the following
When the water level reaches the height of route (right) in muck truck.
Parking Limited, a smaller car park is
the intake pipe, fishes swim or get sucked into Figure 22: Route to Disposal site
equipped with a 40m x 40m x 6m
storage .The total potential volume of the pipe. These threat the vulnerable species
water storage is 32000m3 . Each storage in the river. In order to achieve a non-zero-
is formed by 1m x 0.5m x 0.4m storm sum game, small vertical bar screen with fish
crates and covered by bipolar net covering is installed at the inlet pipe to
membrane (except top side) to prevent avoid fishes from entering the storage.
water from escaping, pumping system is
also installed. The surface layer is made With the renovation site located so close to
with permeable material. the river, one of the technical challenges is to
avoid the water from entering the site. During
construction, the site is constantly pumping
out the seepage water to avoid flooding.

Occupation No Responsibility
Project manager 1 Project management
Construction worker 2 Construction and labour management

Technician 1 Technology support

Materialist 1 Material, Machinery
Security guards 3 Safe management, traffic diversion
7.4 Material Selection Bricklayer/ Pavior 10 Paving, anchoring curbs
Electrician 5 Cable laying, electricity power connection
◆ Geocellular storm crates
◆ Water pump (Capability: 12 litres Carpenter 10 Moulding
per second) Labour work 30 Earthwork, rafting, grading and material transportation
◆ Bipolar membrane
◆ Permeable paving (Bricks with Plumber 5 Pipe installation
permeable capability) Figure 23: Construction of the water storage
Total 68
 8.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENT

8.1 Construction Sequence 8.3 Health and Safety 1. Construction restrictions

Step 1 - Demarcate the construction
area before removing surface
obstacles. Excavate according to the
construction drawings and level the
ground with sand and stones.
Step 4 - Place the water storage units
on the layer.
Step 2 - Set up warning belts and sign
boards to keep clear. The ground
removal is mainly depending on
machinery with manual coordination
assistance.
Step 5 - Install rainwater wells, pumps,
inlet and outlet pipes at reserved
locations.
Step 3 - Pave a waterproof layer,
which is geotextile made of composite
film
Step 6 - The pads are welded, in other
words, bonded firmly and then
backfilled with clean river sand.
◆ One of the major difficulties faced is the busy site location. The sites are located in
the bustling commercial district of Mevagissey, hence, the site team must take full
account of vehicle traffic and pedestrian flows before construction.
◆ During excavation, the dump truck would be parked temporarily on the vehicle
lane, occupying a width of 1.5 metres (Note that the original lane width is about
4.2 metres). It would be used for road surface construction and temporary
storage for permeable bricks and other materials. In the process of loading the
soils on trucks, the workers must pay attention to the cars passing by. Workers
must obey traffic rules so as not to cause confusion in traffic.
◆ Temporary disclosure on the street would be set up using warning belts and
safety caution signs. Parking in proximity to the sites is prohibited. In addition,
sections of the road that is under construction would be informed in advance to
residents in the area.
8.3 Health and Safety 2. Cconstruction Obstacles
◆ The underground pipelines are intricate and complex, therefore it is necessary to
inspect the underground obstacles before the work begins.
◆ There are currently distribution boxes, telephone booths, seats, poles, signs on
the proposed sites. Since these obstacles will inevitably conflict with the
construction, negotiation with various property right units are needed.
◆ Underground pipelines must be exchanged with the property rights unit, such as
depths, specifications and material types. If the information is missing,
underground pipe detector will be used to conduct on-site field investigation.
◆ Protection of green belt: Some construction sites are adjacent to the green belt.
The construction materials should be placed on the side of the lane instead of on
the green belt. The green belt should be restored or planted according to the
requirement of private owners.

8.3 Health and Safety 3. Construction disturbance

Step 7 - Pave sand soil base.
Step 8 - Pave base course in graded
crushed stone.
◆ Publish the construction information 10 days in advance. Nearby residents will
be notified with travel information as well.
◆ Get in touch with local committees and gain permission for the construction
◆ The working time is from 8 am to 6 pm.
Step 9 - Pave the filtration sand layer and ◆ Contact local toll parking management team for permission of temporary
pay the permeable layer on top. occupation.
◆ Use dust-proof facilities to ensure the cleanness and tidiness of the site.

8.2 Detailed Site Investigation and Survey 8.3 Health and Safety 4. Potential risk
As the site is located at the lowest point of the catchment area. Therefore, the
◆ A detailed site investigation is necessary to fully understand the ground, overflowing river possessed a great problem to the construction site. In order to
groundwater conditions and soil stratigraphy. Very important when excavating on save cost in producing a flood-proof site, the construction will start from June to
this complex locations to establish what kind of propping is ideal. August, as it has the lowest probability of raining.
Additionally, precise locations of all the various features that we are basing off the
map need to be established. 8.3 Health and Safety 5. Inspection and Maintenance
Figure 24: Barrier around construction site
◆ Repeated surveys of and interactions with residents and other stakeholders is The above illustrations presents a ◆ Inspection of inlet and outlet pipe.
Weekly
valuable as feedback which aspects of the designs is problematic or tolerable and construction site of 20 metres in length. ◆ Weed removal from the drainage hole.
their experiences of flood conditions. Keeping stakeholders informed and working Security cones, warning signs, road blocks ◆ Residue removal from the cellular storage.
with them will help the successful implementation of the designs. are placed along the site. ‘Left-lane closure’ Monthly ◆ Cleaning the permeable surface.
or ‘right-lane closure’ will be placed under ◆ Vegetation control around the pavement and the drainage hole.
◆ Similarly an in-depth environmental assessment is recommended encompassing certain circumstances, with specialist ◆ Inlet, outlet and pipe repair.
all environmental factors; not just the obvious impacts evaluated at the desk study personnel arranged at the road joint for Restorative
◆ Probe surveillance in the pipes to identify blockage.
and design stages. traffic diversion.
Appendix - References

1. Google map. Mevagissey [Internet]. Mevagissey. 2018 [cited 26 November 2018]. Available from:
https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Mevagissey,+Saint+Austell/@50.2722115,-
4.793083,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x486b6993554c131b:0xbba62700c300c745!8m2!3d50.2702259!4d-4.787523

2. BBC News. Mevagissey floods seen from the sky [Internet]. BBC News. 2010 [cited 26 November 2018]. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-
11780114/mevagissey-floods-as-seen-from-the-sky

3. Cornwall Council. Mevagissey Flood Plan [Internet]. Cornwall.gov.uk. 2018 [cited 26 November 2018]. Available from:
https://www.cornwall.gov.uk/media/3633436/Mevagissey-Flood-Watch-Plan.pdf

4. Google Maps. Google Maps [Internet]. Google Maps. 2018 [cited 26 November 2018]. Available from: https://www.google.co.uk/maps/@50.272033,-
4.7895777,262m/data=!3m1!1e3