Bulk Electric System: Question and Answer Sessions Intro and Supporting Diagrams

Bulk Electric System
Definition
Question and Answer Sessions
Intro and Supporting Diagrams
Bulk Electric System
Definition
Question and Answer Sessions
Intro and Supporting Diagrams
What is the Bulk Electric System?
The Bulk Power System

(established by Section 215 of the FPA)
Exclusions
The Bulk Electric System and
(established by the Definition)
Inclusions Rules of
(established Procedure
through
procedures)
3 RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY
Many Resources to Assist You
• Bulk Electric System Definition Reference Document
Describes the application of the BES Definition
• BES Notification Review Guidelines
Describes how ERO Enterprise staff will review Self‐Determined Notifications
submitted through BESnet
• BES Exception Request Evaluation Guidelines
Describes how ERO Enterprise staff will review Exception Requests submitted
through BESnet
• BES Implementation Guidance Document (pending)
Outlines standards applicability and registration expectations
Many Resources to Assist You
• BESnet Application Users Guide
Manual for the online BESnet application
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Explains application, submittal, and process for BES Definition implementation
• FERC Orders 773 and 773‐A
Regulations approving modified BES definition
• NERC Rules of Procedure
Section 500 and Appendix 5C
• Various White Papers
Providing Technical Justification
For Additional Information
http://www.nerc.com/pa/RAPA/Pages/BES.aspx
BES Project Web Site
Training Webinars and Activities
http://www.nerc.com/pa/RAPA/Pages/BES.aspx
BES Business Process Q&A Webinars
June 5 June 11 (with PC/OC meetings in Orlando)
June 16 June 23
June 30
NERC BESnet Training Webinars
June 17 June 18 June 19 June 20
June 24 June 25 June 27
Refer to Implementation Schedule on Website
for schedule details
INCLUSIONS
I1
Inclusion I1 - Transformers
The transformer’s primary and

secondary terminals are
operated at 100 kV or above, > 100kV
and therefore the transformer is > 100kV
included in the BES by
application of Inclusion I1.
Figure I1‐1: Typical Two Winding Transformer (BES)
Figure I1‐3: Typical Two Winding Transformer (non‐BES)
Inclusion I1 - Transformers
Figure I1‐2: Typical Three Winding Transformer (BES)
Figure I1‐4: Typical Three Winding Transformer (non‐BES)
INCLUSIONS
I2
Inclusion I2 – Generating
Resources
The generator has a gross individual nameplate > 100kV

rating > 20 MVA and is connected through the < 100kV
high-side of the step-up transformer at a voltage
of 100 kV or above. By application of Inclusion
I2 the generator including the generator
terminals through the high-side of the step-up
transformer is included in the BES. > 20 MVA
Figure I2-1: Single Generator (BES)
Figure I2-2: Single Generator (non-BES)
Resources
19 MVA 19 MVA
< 100kV < 100kV

> 100kV > 100kV
> 100kV
> 100kV > 100kV

< 100kV < 100kV
19 MVA 19 MVA
Generator Site Boundary
Figure I2-3: Multiple Generators at a Single Site (BES)
Resources
15 MVA 15 MVA
< 100kV < 100kV

> 100kV > 100kV
> 100kV
> 100kV > 100kV

< 100kV < 100kV
15 MVA 25 MVA
Figure I2-4: Multiple Generators at a Single Site (BES & non-BES)
Resources
The generation site has generation with a gross aggregate nameplate
rating greater than 75 MVA (actual 79 MVA) connected through the
high-side of the step-up transformers at a voltage of 100 kV or above.
By the application of Inclusion I2, the generation site is included in
the BES.
> 100kV
> 100kV
< 100kV
The generator step-up transformers,
associated with the 10 MVA generator,
including the interconnecting bus work are
> 100kV > 100kV < 100kV considered a BES Element. The generator
contributes to the gross aggregate
< 100kV < 100kV nameplate rating of the site.
< 100kV
< 100kV
50 MVA 19 MVA
Generator Site Boundary 10 MVA
Figure I2-5: Multiple Generators at a Single Site (BES)
Resources
Figure I2-6: Multiple Generators at a Single Site (BES & non-BES)
INCLUSIONS
I4
Inclusion I4 – Dispersed Power
Producing Resources
Figure I4-1 Dispersed Generation Site (Single Voltage Transformation) – Wind Farm
Producing Resources
Typical dispersed generation site and substation
design (single transformation of voltage level) with a
gross aggregate nameplate rating of 80 MVA
(Individual Generator Unit Rating: 2 MVA). By
application of Inclusion I4 the dispersed power
producing resources and the Elements from the point
of aggregation to the common point connection are
BES Elements.
Green indicates the portions of the Collector
System that are not included in the BES.
Blue identifies the dispersed power producing
resources and BES Elements between the point
where those resources aggregate to greater than 75
MVA to a common point of connection at a voltage
of 100 kV or above.
Configuration
The common point of connection is where the
not relevant to < 100kV / > 100kV individual transmission Element(s) of the
collector system is connected to the 100 kV or
determination. higher Transmission system. (Note: This point is
typically specified in the respective
Transmission Owner and Generator Operator
Interconnection Agreements.)
> 100kV
The point of aggregation is where the

individual generator name plate ratings of the
dispersed generation total > 75 MVA (actual
80 MVA) and a failure would result in loss of
75 MVA capacity or greater to the BES.
Figure I4-2 Dispersed Generation Site (Unknown Collector System Configuration) – Wind Farm
Producing Resources
Dispersed generation site and substation design (single transformation of voltage level) with a gross
aggregate nameplate rating of 80 MVA (Individual Photovoltaic Bank Rating: 20 MVA). By application of
Inclusion I4 the Photovoltaic Cells & Inverters (generators) are included in the BES.
Green indicates the portions of the Collector System that are not included in the BES.
Blue identifies BES dispersed power producing resources (Photovoltaic Cells & Inverters) and the
BES Elements between the point of aggregation and the common point of connection.
The common point of

connection is where the
individual transmission
Element(s) of the collector
system is connected to the 100
kV or higher Transmission
< 100kV / > 100kV system. (Note: This point is
> 100kV typically specified in the
respective Transmission Owner
and Generator Operator
Photovoltaic Cells &

Inverters (Banks)
The point of aggregation is where the individual generator name plate ratings of the
dispersed generation total > 75 MVA (actual 80 MVA) and a failure would result in
loss of 75 MVA capacity or greater to the BES.
Figure I4-3 Dispersed Generation Site (Single Voltage Transformation) – Solar Array
Producing Resources
Figure I4-4 Dispersed Generation Site (Multiple Voltage Transformations) – Solar Array
INCLUSIONS
I5
Inclusion I5 – Reactive Power
Devices
Reactive Resource ‘1’ is connected
through the tertiary winding of a
transformer that meets the inclusion criteria
established by Inclusion I5 (i.e., through a
transformer that is designated in Inclusion
I1) and is therefore considered to be a BES
Element.
Reactive Resource ‘2’ is connected
directly to the station bus ( > 100 kV)
and is therefore considered to be a 1
BES Element.
2 > 100kV/< 100kV
> 100kV
> 100kV
> 100kV > 100kV

< 100kV < 100kV
Reactive Resource ‘3’ is connected through a

dedicated transformer with a high-side voltage of > 4
100 kV and is therefore considered to be a BES LOAD
Element. The dedicated transformer does not meet the
inclusion criteria established by Inclusion I1 and is Reactive Resource ‘4’ is connected directly
therefore not considered to be a BES Element. to the station bus (< 100 kV), and is not
connected through a dedicated transformer
with a high-side voltage of 100 kV or higher
or through a transformer that is designated in
Inclusion I1, and is therefore not considered
to be a BES Element.
Figure I5‐1: Reactive Resources (BES & non‐BES)
EXCLUSIONS
E1
Exclusion E1 Radial Systems
E1.a Serves Load Only
Figure E1-1: Radial System: Serving Only Load
A B C
> 100 kV
D E F
Green identifies non-

The single points of
BES (excluded) radial
connection are where
systems.
the radial systems
(group of contiguous
transmission
Elements) emanate at
> 100 kV a voltage of 100 kV or
higher from the
Transmission system.
Substation
Boundary
> 100kV > 100kV

< 50kV < 50kV
Sub-100 kV Loop
< 50 kV
To Load To Load
Figure E1-2: Multiple Radial Systems (Underlying Loop Facilities < 50 kV)
A B C
> 100 kV
D E F
The presence of the sub-100 kV loop (see text box

below) establishes multiple points of connection at a
> 100 kV
voltage level of 100 kV or higher to the
Transmission System. Therefore, this scenario
cannot be analyzed under Exclusion E1, however,
the configuration shown may be eligible for
exclusion as a ‘local network’.
Substation
Boundary
> 100kV > 100kV

< 100kV / > 50kV < 100kV / > 50kV
Sub-100 kV Loop
< 100kV / > 50kV
To Load To Load
Figure E1-3: Impact of Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities
E1.b Generation Only
> 100 kV
Blue identifies the BES (included)

radial system. The included radial
system from the high-side connection
The single point of connection is
on the generator step-up transformer
where the radial system (group
to the single point of connection of > 100 kV of contiguous transmission
100 kV or above does not meet the
Elements) emanates at a voltage
exclusion criteria established in
of 100 kV or higher from the
Exclusion E1b due to the presence of
a BES generator (See textbox below).
The generator has a gross

individual nameplate rating > 20
MVA (actual 25 MVA) and is
connected through the high-side > 100kV
of the step-up transformer at a < 100kV
voltage of 100 kV or above. By
application of Inclusion I2 this
unit is a BES Element. 25 MVA
Figure E1-4: Radial System: Single BES Generation Resource
> 100 kV
Green identifies non-BES

(excluded) radial system. The The single point of connection is
excluded radial system has < 75 where the radial system (group
MVA gross aggregate nameplate > 100 kV of contiguous transmission
rating of connected generation (actual Elements) emanates at a voltage
15 MVA) and therefore meets the of 100 kV or higher from the
criteria of Exclusion E1b. Transmission system.
The generator has a gross

individual nameplate rating < 20
MVA (actual 15 MVA) and is
connected through the high-side > 100kV
of the step-up transformer at a < 100kV
voltage of 100 kV or above. By
application of Inclusion I2 this
unit is not a BES Element. 15 MVA
Figure E1-5: Radial System: Single non-BES Generation Resource
> 100 kV
Blue identifies the BES (included)

radial system. The included radial
system from the high-side connection
on the transformer to the single
where the radial system (group
point of connection of 100 kV or > 100 kV of contiguous transmission
above does not meet the exclusion
Elements) emanates at a voltage
criteria established in Exclusion E1b
due to the presence of a Blackstart
Resource (See textbox below).
> 100kV
< 100kV / < 100kV < 100kV
15 MVA
Blackstart Resource
The generator has been
identified as a Blackstart To Load
Resource by application of
Inclusion I3.
Figure E1-6: Radial System: Blackstart Resource
Figure E1-7: Radial System: Multiple (BES & non-BES) Generation Resources (Non-Retail)
> 100 kV
Blue identifies the BES (included) The single point of connection is where the radial
radial system. The depicted radial system (group of contiguous transmission
system does not meet the exclusion Elements) emanates at a voltage of 100 kV or
criteria established in Exclusion E1b higher from the Transmission system.
due to the presence of > 75 MVA
gross aggregate nameplate rating of
connected non-retail generation
(actual 85 MVA). 15 MVA
Generator Site
< 100kV Boundary
> 100kV
> 100 kV
> 100kV The non-retail generators have gross

Generator Site individual nameplate ratings < 20 MVA
< 100kV
Boundary (actual 18 MVA, 16 MVA, 15 MVA, 14
MVA, 12 MVA, & 10 MVA). By
18 MVA application of Inclusion I2 these units are
not considered a BES Element.
< 100kV / > 100kV < 100kV / > 100kV

Generator Site Generator Site
Boundary Boundary
16 MVA 10 MVA
12 MVA
> 100kV
< 100kV
< 100kV
> 100kV
14 MVA
Figure E1-8: Radial System: Multiple (non-BES) Generation Resources (Non-Retail)
> 100 kV
Green identifies the BES The single point of connection is where the radial
(excluded) radial system. The system (group of contiguous transmission
depicted radial system meets the Elements) emanates at a voltage of 100 kV or
exclusion criteria established in higher from the Transmission system.
< 75 MVA gross aggregate
nameplate rating of connected non-
retail generation (actual 69 MVA). 15 MVA
Generator Site
< 100kV Boundary
> 100kV
> 100 kV

< 100kV
MVA, & 10 MVA). By application of
18 MVA Inclusion I2 these units are not considered a
BES Element.
< 100kV / > 100kV

Generator Site
Boundary
10 MVA
12 MVA
> 100kV
< 100kV < 100kV
> 100kV
14 MVA
Figure E1-9: Radial System: Multiple (non-BES) Generation Resources (Non-Retail)
E1.c Generation and Serves Load
Figure E1-11: Radial System: Generation Resource (Non-Retail) & Serving Load
> 100 kV
Generator Site
< 100kV Boundary
> 100kV
> 100 kV

< 100kV
MVA, & 10 MVA). By application of
18 MVA Inclusion I2 these units are not considered a
BES Element.
< 100kV / > 100kV

Generator Site
To Load Boundary
< 100kV / > 100kV 10 MVA
The substation transformers

Generator Site Boundary are not part of the BES
since both (primary and
secondary) terminals are
not operated at > 100 kV as
12 MVA per Inclusion I1.
> 100kV
< 100kV < 100kV To Load
> 100kV
14 MVA
< 100kV
> 100kV
> 100 kV
Generator Site
< 100kV Boundary
> 100kV
> 100 kV

< 100kV
Boundary (actual 18 MVA, 15 MVA, 14 MVA, & 10
MVA). By application of Inclusion I2 these
18 MVA units are not considered a BES Element.
Generator Site
< 100kV / > 100kV
Boundary
To Load
< 100kV / > 100kV 10 MVA The substation
transformers are not
part of the BES since
both (primary and
Customer owned secondary) terminals
generation (retail) and are not operated at >
> 100kV associated customer 100 kV as per
< 100kV owned equipment Inclusion I1.
excluded from the BES
by application of To Load
14 MVA Exclusion E2
Generator Site Boundary 100 MVA < 100kV

M
> 100kV
Figure E1-15: Radial System: Generation Resource (Retail & Non-Retail) & Serving Load
Normally OPEN Switching Device
> 100 kV
The single point of connection is where
the radial system (group of contiguous
transmission Elements) emanates at a
voltage of 100 kV or higher from the
Transmission system. The single point of connection is
where the radial system (group of
contiguous transmission
> 100 kV Elements) emanates at a voltage

(excluded) radial systems.
The normally open (N.O.)

device between the radial
systems does not affect this
exclusion.
The substation transformers are not part of

the BES since both (primary and Normally Open
secondary) terminals are not operated at > (N.O.)
100 kV as per Inclusion I1.
Substation
> 100kV Boundary
> 100kV < 100kV
Substation < 100kV
Boundary
< 100 kV
< 100 kV
To Load
The normally open (N.O.) device Normally Open To Load
between the radial sub-100 kV systems (N.O.)
does not affect this exclusion.
Figure E1-16: Radial System: Normally Open Switching Device between Load Serving Radial Systems
Underlying Loops
> 100 kV

(excluded) radial systems.

exclusion.

Substation
> 100kV Boundary
> 100kV < 50kV
Substation < 50kV
Boundary
< 50 kV
< 50 kV
To Load
The normally closed (N.C.) Normally Closed To Load
systems operating < 50 kV
(N.C.)
Figure E1-17: Radial System: Normally Open Switching Device

between Load Serving Radial Systems with a < 50 kV Loop
Underlying Loops
> 100 kV

exclusion.

Substation
> 100kV Boundary
> 100kV < 100kV / > 50kV
Substation
< 100kV / > 50kV
Boundary
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
To Load
The normally closed (N.C.) device Normally Closed To Load
between the radial systems operating at
voltages < 100kV and > 50 kV affects this
(N.C.)
exclusion.
Figure E1-18: Impact of Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities (Switching

Devices Identified N.O. > 100 kV & N.C. < 100 kV & > 50 kV)
Underlying Loops
> 100 kV
> 100 kV

The single point of connection is where The normally closed (N.C.) where the radial system (group of
the radial system (group of contiguous device between the radial contiguous transmission
transmission Elements) emanates at a systems operating at voltages Elements) emanates at a voltage
voltage of 100 kV or higher from the > 100kV requires evaluation of 100 kV or higher from the
Transmission system. based on Exclusion E3. Transmission system.
The substation transformers are not

part of the BES since both (primary Green identifies
and secondary) terminals are not Normally Closed non-BES
operated at > 100 kV as per Inclusion (excluded) radial
(N.C.)
I1. systems.
Substation
> 100kV Boundary
> 100kV < 50kV
Substation < 50kV
Boundary
< 50 kV
< 50 kV
To Load
The normally closed (N.C.) Normally Closed To Load
systems operating < 50 kV
(N.C.)
Figure E1-19: Radial System: Normally Closed Switching Device (> 100 kV)
between Load Serving Radial Systems with a < 50 kV Loop
Underlying Loops
> 100 kV
The normally closed (N.C.)

systems operating at voltages
> 100kV requires evaluation
based on Exclusion E3.

the BES since both (primary and Normally Closed
secondary) terminals are not operated at > (N.C.)
Substation
> 100kV Boundary
> 100kV < 100kV / > 50kV
Substation
< 100kV / > 50kV
Boundary
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
To Load
between the radial systems operating at
voltages < 100kV and > 50 kV requires
(N.C.)
evaluation based on Exclusion E3.
Figure E1-20: Impact of Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities (Switching

Devices Identified N.C. > 100 kV & N.C. < 100 kV & > 50 kV)
EXCLUSIONS
E2
Exclusion E2 Behind-the-Meter
Industrial Generation
Figure E2-1: Behind-the-Meter Generation: Net Capacity to the BES Less Than 75 MVA
Exclusion E2 Behind-the-Meter
Industrial Generation
Cogeneration Operation: Net capacity to the BES is > 75 MVA (Actual 100 MVA)
> 100kV
The point of connection is where

the customer owned equipment is
100 MVA to BES
connected to the 100 kV or higher
Transmission system. (Note: This
point is specified in the respective
M 50 MVA to Industrial
Process
> 100kV/< 100kV
Customer owned generation

resource behind the customer’s
meter is included in the BES:
Boiler > 100kV
By application of Inclusion
< 100kV I2, because the generator’s
gross individual nameplate
rating is > 20 MVA (Actual
150 MVA), and
150 MVA The net capacity to the BES
is > 75 MVA (Actual 100
MVA), therefore Exclusion
E2 does not apply.
Figure E2-2: Behind-the-Meter Generation: Net Capacity to the BES Greater Than 75 MVA
EXCLUSIONS
E3
Exclusion E3 Local Networks
Figure E3-1: Local Network (non-BES) with Retail & Non-

Retail Generation Resources & Serving Load
Transformer voltages are utilized for
Power <300kV illustrative purposes only. Actual voltages Power
Blue identifies BES Flow 138kV associated with local networks will vary Flow
(included) local network. depending on the system configuration.
<300kV
The generator (non-retail) has a gross To Load

individual nameplate rating > 20 MVA
(actual 30 MVA) and is connected
through the high-side of the step-up Generation 138kV / <300kV
Site < 100kV
transformer at a voltage of 100 kV or
Boundary 138kV
above (actual 138 kV). By application of
Inclusion I2 the generator is a BES
Element.
10 MVA 15 MVA
Blue identifies BES 30 MVA
(included) local The generators (non-retail) have a gross
network. The included individual nameplate rating < 20 MVA
local network does not (actual 10 MVA & 15 MVA) and the
meet the exclusion To Load generation site has generation with a
criteria established in gross aggregate nameplate rating < 75
25 MVA
MVA (actual 25 MVA). By application
Exclusion E3a. due to the < 100kV of Inclusion I2 the generators are not
M
presence of the BES
138kV considered BES Elements.
generator identified by
Inclusion I2. (See textbox
To Load Customer owned generation <300kV
associated with the 30
behind the customer’s meter
MVA Generator). is excluded from the BES by 230kV
< 100kV application of Exclusion E2.
138kV
The substation transformers are
not part of the BES since both
(primary and secondary) terminals
are not operated at > 100 kV as per
Inclusion I1.
The multiple points of connection are where Transformer voltages are utilized for
230kV the local network (group of contiguous illustrative purposes only. Actual voltages
Power 138kV
transmission Elements) emanates at a voltage of associated with local networks will vary
100 kV or higher from the Transmission system.
Flow 230kV depending on the system configuration.
E3-2: Local Network (BES) with Retail & Non-Retail Generation

Resources & Serving Load
Transformer voltages are utilized for
Power <300kV illustrative purposes only. Actual voltages Power
Blue identifies BES Flow Flow
138kV associated with local networks will vary
(included) local network.
depending on the system configuration.
<300kV
The generator (non-retail) has a gross To Load
individual nameplate rating < 20 MVA
(actual 15 MVA) and is connected
through the high-side of the step-up Generation 138kV / <300kV
Site < 100kV
transformer at a voltage of 100 kV or
Boundary 138kV
above (actual 138 kV). By application of
Inclusion I2 this generator is a not a BES
Element.
10 MVA 15 MVA
15 MVA
The local network does not The generators (non-retail) have a gross
meet the exclusion criteria individual nameplate rating < 20 MVA
established in Exclusion E3 due (actual 10 MVA & 15 MVA) and the
to the following: To Load generation site has generation with a
gross aggregate nameplate rating < 75
25 MVA
MVA (actual 25 MVA). By application
Power flows out of the
network system into the
< 100kV of Inclusion I2 the generators are not
M
interconnected 138kV considered BES Elements.
Transmission system
(E3b.) Customer owned generation
To Load <300kV
behind the customer’s meter
is excluded from the BES by 230kV
< 100kV application of Exclusion E2.
138kV
The substation transformers are
not part of the BES since both
(primary and secondary) terminals
are not operated at > 100 kV as per
Inclusion I1.
The multiple points of connection are where Transformer voltages are utilized for
230kV the local network (group of contiguous Power illustrative purposes only. Actual voltages
138kV
transmission Elements) emanates at a voltage of Flow associated with local networks will vary
100 kV or higher from the Transmission system. 230kV depending on the system configuration.
Figure E3-3: Local Network (BES) with Retail & Non-Retail

Generation Resources & Serving Load
Figure E3-4: Local Network (non-BES) with Sub-100 kV Loop
Figure E3-5: Local Network (BES) with Sub-100 kV Loop
< 300 kV
The presence of the sub-100 kV loop establishes

multiple points of connection at a voltage level
of 100 kV or higher to the Transmission
Power
System. Flow
< 300 kV
The local network meets the

exclusion criteria established in Power
Exclusion E3 by the following: Flow
Operated at voltages
< 300 kV
Power only flows into the
networked system (E3b.) The normally open (N.O.)
Assumed that the
networked system is not
part of a Flowgate or
transfer path and is not exclusion.
monitored in an IROL
(E3c.)

Substation
< 300kV Boundary
< 300kV < 100kV / > 50kV
Substation < 100kV / > 50kV
Boundary
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
< 100 kV / > 50 kV

To Load
The normally closed (N.C.) device between the Normally Closed To Load
sub-100 kV systems establishes a loop
configuration which requires evaluation based on
(N.C.)
Exclusion E3.
Figure E3-6: Local Network (non-BES) with Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities

(Switching Devices Identified: N.O. > 100 kV & N.C. < 100 kV/> 50 kV)
< 300 kV
The presence of the sub-100 kV loop establishes

multiple points of connection at a voltage level
of 100 kV or higher to the Transmission
System. Power
Flow
< 300 kV
Power
Flow
The network does not meet the The normally open (N.O.)
exclusion criteria established in
Exclusion E3 due to power
flowing out of the networked
system (E3b.). exclusion.

Substation
< 300kV Boundary
< 300kV < 100kV / > 50kV
Boundary
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
< 100 kV / > 50 kV

To Load
between the sub-100 kV systems
establishes a loop configuration which
(N.C.)
requires evaluation based on Exclusion E3.
Figure E3-7: Local Network (BES) with Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities

(Switching Devices Identified: N.O. > 100 kV & N.C. < 100 kV/< 50 kV)
< 300 kV
Power
Flow
< 300 kV
Power
Flow
The presence of the sub-
The local network meets the 100 kV loop establishes
exclusion criteria established in multiple points of
Exclusion E3 by the following: connection at a voltage
level of 100 kV or higher to
Operated at voltages the Transmission System.
< 300 kV
Power only flows into the
networked system (E3b.)
Assumed that the
networked system is not
part of a Flowgate or Normally Closed
transfer path and is not
monitored in an IROL (N.C.)
(E3c.)
Substation
< 300kV Boundary
< 300kV < 100kV / > 50kV
Boundary
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
Normally Closed
(N.C.)
To Load
< 100 kV / > 50 kV To Load
The normally closed (N.C.) device between The substation transformers are not part of the
the sub-100 kV systems establishes a loop BES since both (primary and secondary)
configuration which requires evaluation based terminals are not operated at > 100 kV as per
on Exclusion E3. Inclusion I1.
Figure E3-8: Local Network (non-BES) with Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities (Switching Devices Identified: N.C. > 100 kV &
N.C. < 100 kV/> 50 kV)
< 300 kV
Power
Flow
< 300 kV
Power The network does not meet the

Flow exclusion criteria established in
The presence of the sub-100 Exclusion E3 due to power
kV loop establishes multiple flowing out of the networked
points of connection at a system (E3b.).
voltage level of 100 kV or
higher to the Transmission
System.
Normally Closed
(N.C.)
Substation
< 300kV Boundary
< 300kV < 100kV / > 50kV
Boundary
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
< 100 kV / > 50 kV
Normally Closed
(N.C.)
To Load
< 100 kV / > 50 kV To Load
The normally closed (N.C.) device between
The substation transformers are not part of the
the sub-100 kV systems establishes a loop
BES since both (primary and secondary)
configuration which requires evaluation based
terminals are not operated at > 100 kV as per
on Exclusion E3.
Inclusion I1.
Figure E3-9: Local Network (BES) with Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities
58 (Switching Devices Identified: N.C. > 100 kV & N.C. < 100 kV/> 50 kV) RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY

Bulk Electric System: Question and Answer Sessions Intro and Supporting Diagrams

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Bulk Electric System: Question and Answer Sessions Intro and Supporting Diagrams

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Bulk Electric System

The Bulk Power System

The transformer’s primary and

The generator has a gross individual nameplate > 100kV

Figure I2-1: Single Generator (BES)

Figure I2-2: Single Generator (non-BES)

< 100kV < 100kV

> 100kV > 100kV

< 100kV < 100kV

> 100kV > 100kV

Figure I2-4: Multiple Generators at a Single Site (BES & non-BES)

Generator Site Boundary 10 MVA

Figure I2-5: Multiple Generators at a Single Site (BES)

Figure I2-6: Multiple Generators at a Single Site (BES & non-BES)

The point of aggregation is where the

The common point of

Photovoltaic Cells &

2 > 100kV/< 100kV

> 100kV > 100kV

Reactive Resource ‘3’ is connected through a

Figure E1-1: Radial System: Serving Only Load

Green identifies non-

> 100kV > 100kV

The presence of the sub-100 kV loop (see text box

> 100kV > 100kV

< 100kV / > 50kV

Figure E1-3: Impact of Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities

Blue identifies the BES (included)

The generator has a gross

Figure E1-4: Radial System: Single BES Generation Resource

Green identifies non-BES

The generator has a gross

Figure E1-5: Radial System: Single non-BES Generation Resource

Blue identifies the BES (included)

> 100kV The non-retail generators have gross

< 100kV / > 100kV < 100kV / > 100kV

Generator Site Boundary

Generator Site Boundary

Figure E1-8: Radial System: Multiple (non-BES) Generation Resources (Non-Retail)

> 100kV The non-retail generators have gross

< 100kV / > 100kV

Generator Site Boundary

Generator Site Boundary

Figure E1-9: Radial System: Multiple (non-BES) Generation Resources (Non-Retail)

> 100kV The non-retail generators have gross

< 100kV / > 100kV

The substation transformers

> 100kV The non-retail generators have gross

Generator Site Boundary 100 MVA < 100kV

Green identifies non-BES

The normally open (N.O.)

The substation transformers are not part of

Green identifies non-BES

The normally open (N.O.)

The substation transformers are not part of

Figure E1-17: Radial System: Normally Open Switching Device

The normally open (N.O.)

The substation transformers are not part of

Figure E1-18: Impact of Sub-100 kV Looped Facilities (Switching

The single point of connection is

The substation transformers are not

The normally closed (N.C.)