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Chapter 3 PDF
Chapter 3 PDF
cÖkœ bs-1:
F AB BC (XvKv †evW©-2016)
K. BCD Kx? 1
L. 1+1=1 e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dvskbwUi Av‡jv‡K mZ¨K mviwY •Zwi Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki dvskbwU wK ïay NAND ‡MB‡Ui mvnvh¨ ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e? we‡kølY Ki| 4
(P”MÖvg †evW©-2016)
K. ASCII-Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? 1
L. (267)10-msL¨v‡K Kw¤úDUvi mivmwi MÖnY K‡i bv-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. Y-Gi mijxK…Z gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-2 Gi mZ¨K mviwY †_‡K cÖvß jwRK †MBUwUi mv‡_ Y-Gi mijxK…Z gv‡bi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki| 4
Y = (A + B) (AB B)
(A B)(A B B) [wW-giM¨v‡bi m~Îvbymv‡i]
(A B)(A B B) [∵ A A 1 ]
(A B)(A 1) [∵ A 1 1 ]
= (A+B).1
= A+B
2 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
F AB BC Gi jwRK wPÎ-
K. †iwR÷vi Kx? 1
L. wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. eøK wPÎ-1 †gŠwjK †MBU Øviv hyw³ eZ©bx A¼b K‡i mZ¨K mviwY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. eøK wPÎ-1 Øviv eøK wPÎ-2 Gi jwRK eZ©bx ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq wK bv? we‡kølY K‡i gZvgZ `vI| 4
BbczU AvDUcyU
A B S C
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
S= AB AB A B Ges C=AB
‡gŠwjK †MB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ nvd A¨vWv‡ii
jwRK eZ©bx A¼b K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
4 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K ewY©Z eøK wPÎ-1 Øviv wPÎ 2 Gi jwRK eZ©bx ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| wb‡P eøK wPÎ-1 Gi nvd A¨vWvi Øviv eøK
wPÎ 2 Gi dzj A¨vWvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv nj-
dzj A¨vWv‡ii †ÿ‡Î BbcyU X, Y, Ci Ges AvDUcyU †hvMdj S I K¨vwi Co n‡j: S=X⊕Y⊕Ci I
Co=Ci(X⊕Y)+XY nvd A¨vWv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ GKwU dzj A¨vWvi •Zwii Rb¨ `ywU nvd A¨vWvi I GKwU Ai †MBU
cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖ_g nvd A¨vWv‡ii BbcyU X I Y ‡_‡K ‡hvMdj S1 I K¨vwi C1 cvIqv hvq| wØZxq nvd A¨vWv‡ii BbcyU S1 I
Ci †_‡K †hvMdj S2 I K¨vwi C2 cvIqv hvq| wØZxq nvd A¨vWv‡ii †hvMdjB n‡e dzj A¨vWv‡ii †hvMdj| 1g
I 2q nvd A¨vWv‡ii K¨vwi †hvM K‡i cvIqv hv‡e dzj A¨vWv‡ii K¨vwi|
cÖkœ bs-5:
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ K‡i cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: (w`bvRcyi †evW©-2016)
mvaviYZ evBbvwi `ywU weU †hvM Ki‡j GKwU †hvMdj (Sum) Ges GKwU K¨vwi (carry) weU cvIqv hvq| †hgb-
evBbvwi‡Z 0 I 1 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj 1 K¨vwi 0 nq| GKBfv‡e 1 I 1 †hvM Ki‡j †hvMdj (sum) 0 I K¨vwi 1
nq| AZGe evBbvwi †hv‡Mi eZ©bx wPÎ؇qi f‚wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
cÖkœ bs-6:
ICT wel‡qi Aa¨vcK K¬v‡k msL¨v c×wZ covw”Q‡jb| ZLb Bgivb‡K Zvi ICT wel‡qi Aa©-evwl©K I evwl©K cixÿvi
cÖvß b¤^i Rvb‡Z PvB‡j †m ejj, Aa©-evwl©‡K (37)8Ges evwl©K cixÿvq (3F)16b¤^i †c‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ QvÎiv Gi A_©
eyS‡Z bv †c‡i m¨vi‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡j m¨vi we¯ÍvwiZ eywS‡q ej‡jb| (h‡kvi †evW©-2016)
K. Gb‡KvWvi Kx? 1
L. ÒwPÎwU †hŠw³K †hv‡Mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡iÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Bgiv‡bi Aa©-evwl©K cixÿvq cÖvß b¤^i‡K †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. Bgiv‡bi evwl©K cixÿvi cÖvß b¤^i (72)10n‡Z KZ Kg ev †ewk? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
6 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- wWwRUvj eZ©bxi gva¨‡g gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi Kivi c×wZ‡K Gb‡KvWvi
e‡j| Bnv Ggb GKwU mgevq wWwRUvj mvwK©U hvi Øviv me©vwaK 2nwU BbcyU †_‡K n wU AvDUcyU jvB‡b 0 ev 1
AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq|
6 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- ÒwPÎwU OR ‡MBU ev †hŠw³K †hv‡Mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1+1=1
OR ‡MB‡U `yB ev `yB‡qi AwaK BbcyU w`‡j GKwU AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq| `ywU Bbcy‡Ui †h †Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 1
n‡j AvDUcyU 1 n‡e| Avi `ywU BbcyU 0 n‡j AvDUcyU 0 n‡e| Avevi 1+1=1 nq hv logical OR|
6 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- Bgiv‡bi Aa©evwl©K cixÿvi cÖvß b¤^i (37)8GLv‡b †n·v‡Wwm‡g‡j iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e|
∴(37)8=(?)16
∴ 37
011 111
= 0011 1111
= 00011111
↓ ↓
1 15 (F)
= (37)8 = (1F)16
∴Bgiv‡bi Aa©evwl©K cixÿvi †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq b¤^i n‡e (1F)16.
∴ myZivs Y ‡K eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi mvnv‡h¨ mijxKiY Kivi d‡j eZ©bx mn‡R ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ bs-8:
8| A B (wm‡jU †evW©-2016)
DÏxc‡Ki P = (AB)(A B)
= (A B)(A B)
= (A B)(A B)
= AA AB AB BB 5
= 0 AB A B 0
= AB A B = A B = A B
P A B mgxKiYwU n‡jv X-OR ‡MBU Ges Q=AB DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ jwRK mvwK©UwU b~b¨Zg msL¨K †MBU
(AND, OR I NOT) Øviv ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e| Dw³wU mZ¨|
cÖkœ bs-9:
9| AvBwmwU wkÿK GKv`k †kÖwY‡Z msL¨v c×wZ covw”Q‡jb| wKš‘ GKRb Qv‡Îi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb wei³
n‡q Zvi †ivj b¤^i wRÁvmv Ki‡jb| QvÎ DËi w`j (31)10| Zvici wkÿK Qv‡Îi MZ †kÖwYi †ivj wRÁvmv Ki‡j
DËi w`j (15)10| ZLb wkÿK Zv‡K ej‡jb, †Zvgvi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y Lvivc dj n‡q‡Q| (XvKv †evW©-17)
K. msL¨v c×wZi †em Kx? 1
L. BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~‡e© me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK¨vj †KvWwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Qv‡Îi eZ©gvb †kÖwYi †ivj evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Qv‡Îi `yB †kÖwYi †iv‡ji cv_©K¨ ïaygvÎ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g †ei K‡i djvd‡ji cwieZ©b g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
∴(31)10 = (11111)2
DÏxc‡K Qv‡Îi eZ©gvb †kÖwYi †ivj evBbvwi msL¨vq (11111)2
cÖkœ bs-10:
10| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges M I N bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: (XvKv †evW©-2017)
D0 = AB
D1 = A.B
D2 = A.B
D0 = A.B
10 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
DÏxc‡Ki jwRK mvwK©‡Ui AvDUcyU,
F = pqr pqr pr
= pq(r r) pr
= pq pr [A A 1]
NAND ‡MBU GKwU mve©Rbxb †MBU nIqvq Gi Øviv mKj ai‡bi †MBU ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| mve©Rbxb †MBU •Zwi
Kivi LiP Kg weavq wWwRUvj mvwK©U GB †MBU †ewk e¨eüZ nq|
cÖkœ bs-11:
A.C
AC
F (A B)(A B)(A C)
(A.A AB AB BB)(A C)
(A AB AB 0)(A C) [ A.A A, BB 0]
A(1 B B)(A C)
A(A C)
A.A AC
0 AC
AC
11 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ‘F’ Gi mijxK…Z gvb NOR gate Øviv ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e|
ÔMÕ n‡Z cÖvß F=ACev F= AC A C
ïaygvÎ F Gi mijK…Z gvb‡K me©Rbxb †MBU NOR gate Øviv ev¯Íevqb wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv|
cÖkœ bs-12:
AvwZK mv‡ne Zvi kqbK‡ÿ d¨vb Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †eW myBP e¨envi K‡ib| VvÐv Abyf~Z nIqvq wZwb †eW myBPwU Ad
Ki‡jb| d‡j d¨vbwU eÜ n‡q †Mj| d¨v‡bi GKwU myBP †Lvjv _vKv m‡Ë¡I d¨vbwU eÜ n‡q hvIqvq wPšÍv Ki‡jb GwU
Kxfv‡e m¤¢e? (ewikvj †evW©-2017)
K. Gb‡KvWvi Kx? 1
L. OR ‡MB‡Ui Zyjbvq XOR ‡MU Gi myweav- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwK©UwU A¼b K‡i d¨vb eÜ nIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvwK©UwU Kx cwieZ©b Ki‡j GKwU myBP eÜ Ki‡jI d¨vbwU eÜ n‡e bv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
12 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- wWwRUvj eZ©bxi gva¨‡g gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi Kivi c×wZ‡K Gb‡KvWvi
e‡j| Bnv Ggb GKwU mgevq wWwRUvj mvwK©U hvi Øviv me©vwaK 2nwU BbcyU †_‡K n wU AvDUcyU jvB‡b 0 ev 1
AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq|
12 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- OR GKwU †gŠwjK †MBU| OR †MBU `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK evBbvwi msL¨vi †hŠw³K(Logical) †hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ
nq| cÿvšÍ‡i XOR ‡MBU we‡kl †MBU| XOR ‡MBU `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK evBbvwi msL¨vi †hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ
nq| GRb¨ OR ‡MB‡Ui Zzjbvq XOR ‡MB‡Ui myweav †ewk| `ywU we‡Ui Ae¯’v Zzjbv Kivi Rb¨ XOR †MBU
e¨envi Kiv nq|
12 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- AvwZK mv‡n‡ei kqbK‡ÿi d¨v‡bi gyj myB‡Pi cvkvcvwk ‡eW myBP wQj| wZwb †eW myBP Ad Ki‡j d¨vbwUI eÜ
n‡q hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î eZ©bx‡Z myBPØq †kÖwY ev wmwi‡R hy³ wQj hv AND ‡MBU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|AND ‡MBU‡K `yB ev
Z‡ZvwaK BbcyU w`‡j GKwU AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq| AND ‡MB‡U mKj BbcyU 1 n‡j †Kej AvDUcyU 1 n‡e
Ab¨_vq AvDUcyU 0 n‡e| `yBwU BbcyU A I B n‡j AvDUcyU y=AB n‡e|
0001 0100
∴ (14)10 = (00010100)BCD ∴ (14)10 = (1110)2
A_©vr ejv hvq †h, BCD ‡KvW Ges evBbvwi msL¨vi g‡a¨ BCD ‡Z †ewk weU jv‡M|
13 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- Avwm‡di Aa©evwl©K cixÿvi cÖvß b¤^i (112)8 †K †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi cÖKvk Kiv n‡jvt
(112)8 = (?) 16
∴ 1 1 2
F PQ PQ
= PQ. PQ
cÖkœ bs-15:
2016 mv‡j cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y mewR Pvwl‡`i e¨vcK ÿwZ n‡q‡Q| K…lK Avjx (42) 10 †n±i Rwgi Avjy,
Rvwg‡ji (253.2)8 †n±i Rwgi mwilv, nvwm‡ei (E3.2)16 †n±i Rwgi U‡g‡Uv Ges Rwj‡ji (110)2 †n±i Rwgi km¨
bó n‡q‡Q| (Kzwgjøv †evW©-2017)
K) BCD †KvW Kx? 1
L) 5D †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M) DÏxc‡K e¨eüZ Avjxi Rwg †_‡K Rwj‡ji Rwgi dmj b‡ói cwigvY 2 Gi cwic~i‡K we‡qvM Ki| 3
N) DÏxc‡K Rvwgj I nvwm‡ei g‡a¨ Kvi dm‡ji †ewk ÿwZ n‡q‡Q Ges KZ? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| 4
cÖkœ bs-16:
(Kzwgjøv †evW©-2017)
K) †iwR÷vi Kx? 1
L) ‘Output, Input’-Gi †hŠw³K wecixZÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M) DÏxc‡Ki C Gi mijxK…Z gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N) ÔDÏxc‡Ki e¨eüZ 1bs †MU Øviv †gŠwjK †MU¸‡jv ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢eÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
16 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- ‡iwR÷vi n‡jv gvB‡µv cÖ‡mm‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i Aew¯’Z D”P MwZm¤úbœ †g‡gvix hv KZK¸‡jv weU aviY K‡i _v‡K|
ii. NOR ‡MBU w`‡q AND ‡MBU ev¯Íevqb ii. AND ‡MBU
Y=AB
cÖkœ bs-17:
‡¯œnv I wgZv †U‡÷i djvdj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQj| †¯œnv ejj, Avwg cixÿvq ICT-‡Z (4C)16‡c‡qwQ| wgZv ejj Avwg
ICT-‡Z (103)8b¤^i †c‡qwQ| 5g †kÖwY‡Z co–qv Zv‡`i fvB eyS‡jv bv †K †ewk b¤^i †c‡q‡Q| (P”MÖvg †evW©-2017)
K) msL¨v c×wZi †eR Kx? 1
L) 3 + 5 = 10 †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M) DÏxc‡Ki †¯œnv I wgZv `kwfwˇZ KZ b¤^i †c‡q‡QÑwe‡kølY K‡iv| 3
N) 8weU †iwR÷vi e¨envi K‡i 2-Gi cwic~iK c×wZ‡Z DÏxc‡Ki †¯œnv I wgZvi cÖvß b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨ wbY©q K‡iv| 4
∴ (76)10– (67)10
= (76)10+ (–67)10
∴ (76)10 = 01001100
(67)10 = 01000011
10111100
+1
∴ (-67)10 = 10111101
∴ (76)10 = 01001100
(-67)10 = 10111101
(9)10 = 100001001
mZ¨Zv we‡kølY: mZ¨K mviwY †_‡K †`Lv hvq `ywU BbcyU A Ges B Gi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 0 n‡j AvBUcyU X
Gi gvb 0 nq| wVK GKBfv‡e jwRKwUi `ywU myBP A Ges B GKB mv‡_ ON (1) _vK‡jB `iRv (AvDUcyU) ON
(1) n‡e| Ab¨_vq `iRvwU eÜ (0) _vK‡e|
cÖkœ bs-19:
kwdK, wkdv Ges Zbq wZb R‡bi Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³‡Z cÖvß b¤^i h_vµ‡g (1001000)2, (531)8Ges
(4A)16| (h‡kvi †evW©-2017)
K. msL¨v c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 1
L. (11)10msL¨vwU‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Zbq Gi cÖvß b¤^i `kwgK c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K wkdvi cÖvß b¤^i n‡Z (1001000)2 msL¨vwU KZ †ewk ev Kg Zv wbY©q Ki| 4
cÖkœ bs-20:
wPÎ-1 wPÎ-2 wPÎ-3
K. eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv Kx? 1
L. Kw¤úDUv‡ii †ÿ‡Î wWwRUvj wmMbvj Dc‡hvMx †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. wPÎ-1 Ges wPÎ-2 †K wK ai‡bi †MU ejv nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. ïay wPÎ-2 Gi †MBU Øviv wPÎ-3 Gi †MBU ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
20 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- Mathematics of logic bvgK MÖ‡š’ †h hyw³i aviYv cvIqv hvq Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i bZzb A¨vj‡Reiv D™¢vweZ
nq| RR© ey‡ji bvgvbymv‡i H A¨vj‡Reivi bvgKiY Kiv nq eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv| eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv g~jZ:
jwR‡Ki mZ¨ Ges wg_¨v GB `yB ¯Í‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i •Zwi n‡q‡Q|
20 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| KviY Kw¤úDUvi evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i|
evBbvwi msL¨vq e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jv (0 I 1) mn‡RB B‡jKwUªK¨vj wmMb¨v‡ji mvn‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| •e`y¨wZK
wmMb¨vj Pvjy _vK‡j Ab Ges eÜ _vK‡j Ad Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Kw¤úDUvi ev B‡jKUªwbK hš¿ `ywUi Ae¯’v
mn‡RB Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKwU n‡jv jwRK †j‡fj 0, G‡K OFF, LOW, FAISE wKsev NO ejv nq|
Ab¨wU n‡jv jwRK †j‡fj 1, G‡K ON, High, True wKsev Yes ejv nq| GB 0 ev 1 evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi
mv‡_ mvgÄb¨c~Y©| ZvB Kw¤úDUvi (267)10 †K Gb‡KvWvi bvgK GK ai‡bi eZ©bxi gva¨‡g evBbvwi‡Z iæcvšÍi
K‡i e¨envi K‡i| Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ msL¨v c×wZ n‡jv evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Ges †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ|
20 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-1 n‡”Q NOR gate Avi wPÎ-2 n‡”Q NAND gate| NOR gate Ges NAND gate
`yBwU‡K mve©Rbxb †MBU ejv nq| meR©bxb †MBU Øviv mKj †gŠwjK †MBU mg~n ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| OR ‡MBU Gi
AvDUcyU ms‡KZ †K bU †MB‡Ui ga¨w`‡q cÖevwnZ Ki‡j NOR gate Gi KvR K‡i| OR gate + NOT gate
= NOR gate hw` A Ges B `ywU BbcyU nq Zvn‡j NOR gate x= A B A_©vr ORgate Gi wecixZ BbcyU
A=B=0 n‡j AvDUcyU 1 mZ¨|
Ab¨_vq AvDUcyU 0 (wg_¨v) n‡e|
Aciw`‡K DÏxc‡K wPÎ-2 n‡jv NAND gate| AND gate Gi AvDUcyU ms‡KZ‡K Not gate Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q
cÖevwnZ Ki‡j NAND gate Gi KvR nq| A_©vr AND gate +Not gate = NAND gate hw` A Ges B
`ywU BbcyU nq Zvn‡j NAND gate x = A.B A_©vr AND gate Gi wecixZ| G‡ÿ‡Î BbcyU A+B=1 n‡j
AvDUcyU 0 (wg_¨v) Ab¨_vq AvDUcyU 1 (mZ¨) n‡e|
20 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wPÎ-2 Gi †MBU n‡”Q NAND gate Ges wPÎ -3 Gi †MBU n‡”Q XOR gate.
ïay wPÎ -2 A_©vr (NAND gate ) Øviv wPÎ- 3 Gi †MBU (XOR gate) ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e|
hw` A Ges B BbcyU nq Zvn‡j wPÎ-3 Gi †MBU
∴F=A⨁B
= AB AB
= (AB).(AB)
ZLb jwRK wPÎ-2 A_©vr NAND gate Øviv F= A B.AB ev¯Íevqb wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv:
cÖkœ bs-21:
AvBwmwU wkÿK K¬v‡m Qv·`i ej‡jb, Kw¤úDUvi A †K mivmwi eyS‡Z cv‡i bv eis G‡K GKwU jwRK mvwK©‡Ui
mvnv‡h¨ 8 we‡Ui we‡kl ms‡K‡Z K‡i ey‡S _v‡K| wZwb Av‡iv ej‡jb, D³ ms‡KZvqb c×wZ‡Z evsjv Kw¤úDUvi‡K
†evSv‡bv hvq bv| GRb¨ wfbœ GKwU ms‡KZvqb c×wZi cÖ‡qvRb nq| (wm‡jU †evW©-2017)
K. wW‡KvWvi Kx? 1
L. PviweU †iwR÷v‡i PviwU wd¬c-d¬c _v‡K-eywS‡q †jL| 2
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ jwRK mvwK©UwU eY©bv Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki ms‡KZvqb c×wZ؇qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU myweavRbK †Zvgvi gZvgZ hyw³mn Dc¯’vcb Ki| 4
21 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (K) Gi DËi
- wW‡KvWvi Ggb GKwU B‡jK‡UªvwbK hš¿ ev wWfvBm hv Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi
K‡i|
21 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (L) Gi DËi
- †g‡gvwi wWfvB‡mi ÿz`ªZg GKK n‡jv wd¬c-d¬c| †MBU GKwU wd¬c-d¬c †WUvi GKweU aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKvwaK
wd¬c d¬‡ci mgwó n‡jv †iwR÷vi| †iwR÷vi GKMy”Q wd¬c -d¬c Gi †MBU Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ mvwK©U †hLv‡b cÖ‡Z¨KwU
wd¬c d¬c GKwU K‡i evBbvwi weU aviY K‡i _v‡K| nweU †iwR÷v‡i n msL¨K wd¬c-d¬c _v‡K Ges n weU evBbvwi
Z_¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ PviweU †iwR÷v‡i PviwU wd¬c-d¬c _v‡K|
21 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (M) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ AvBwmwU wkÿK K¬v‡m Qv·`i ej‡jb †h Kw¤úDUvi A -‡K mivmwi eyS‡Z bv cv‡ibv eis G‡K
GKwU jwRK mvwK©‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ 8 we‡Ui we‡kl ms‡K‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i ey‡S _v‡K GB c×wZwU n‡jv Gb‡KvWvi,
Gb‡KvWvi Ggb GKwU B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm hv gvby‡li †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi K‡i|
GwU Gb‡KvWvi m‡e©v”P2nmsL¨K BbcyU n msL¨K AvDUcyU _v‡K| wb‡P AvUwU BbcyU †_‡K wZbwU AvDUcyU cvIqv
hvq Ggb ai‡bi GKwU AKU¨vj Gb‡KvWvi jwRK mvwK©U †`Iqv n‡j-
mZ¨K mviwYt
D0 → BbcyU AvDUcyU
D1 → D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A B C
D2 → 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
→A
D3 → 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Encoder → B
D4 → 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
→C
D5 → 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
D6 → 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
D7 → 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
wP‡Î: 8 Uz 3 jvBb A±vj Gb‡KvWvi 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
eywbqvb mgxKiY
A = D4+D5+D6+D7
B = D2+D3+D6+D7
C = D1+D3+D5+D7
jwRK mvwK©Ut
cÖkœ bs-22:
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: (wm‡jU †evW©-2017)
K. 2’ Gi cwic~iK Kx? 1
L. evBbvwi 1 + 1 I eywjqvb 1 + 1 GK bq-eywS‡q ej| 2
M. DÏxcK Abymv‡i y Gi mijxK…Z gvb wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki 2 I 3 bs wPwýZ †MBU؇qi cvi¯úwiK cwieZ©b †h jwRK mvwK©U cvIqv hvq Zv evBbvwi †hv‡Mi
eZ©bx‡Z e¨envi Dc‡hvMx-g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
Y = AB AB
= ABA B
= ABAB
= A A B B
= 1+1 [ ∵ A A 1]
=1
22 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi (N) Gi DËi
- DÏxc‡Ki 2 I 3 bs wPwýZ †nBU؇qi ci¯úvwiK cwieZ©‡b †h jwRK mvwK©U cvIqv hvq ZvB evBbvwi †hv‡Mi
cwie‡Z© e¨envi Dc‡hvMx Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡jv:
Y = (A B) (A B)
= A.B A.B
= AB A.B
= AB
DÏxc‡K 2 I 3 bs †MBU؇qi (NAND) ‡MB‡Ui ¯’‡j OR ‡MBU cvi¯úvwiK cwieZ©b X-OR ‡MBU cvIqv hvq|
X-OR ‡MB‡Ui mZ¨K mviwY:
A B Y = A B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
X-OR ‡MB‡Ui mZ¨K mviwY evBbvwi †hv‡Mi eZ©bxi mv‡_ wg‡j hvq| ZvB GwU evBbvwi †hv‡Mi eZ©bx‡Z e¨envi
Dc‡hvMx|
eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv
1| evBbvwi †hv‡M 1 + 0 + 1 =?
K) 10 L) 01
M) 00 N) 11
58| DÏxc‡K Gi ¯’‡j emv‡j F Gi mijxK…Z gvb wb‡Pi †KvY †MBU‡K mg_©b K‡i?
K) OR L) AND
M) NOT N) NOR
59| A djvdj n‡Z cv‡i hLb
i. A+A+A
ii. A.A
iii. A A
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
60| †Kvb jwRK †MB‡Ui BbcyU I AvDUcyU jvBb mgvb _v‡K?
K) AND L) OR
M) NOT N) NAND
61| F AB.BC Gi mijxK…Z gvb †KvbwU?
K) AB.BC L) ABC
M) AB+AC N) ABC
62| (111011)2Gi mgKÿ †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨v †KvbwU?
K) E3 L) E8
M) EC N) CE
63| c¨vwiwU weUhy³ †KvW KZ we‡Ui?
K) 3 L) 4
M) 7 N) 8
64| 16 BbcyU wewkó Gb‡KvWv‡ii AvDUcyU msL¨v KZwU n‡e?
K) 2 L) 3
M) 4 N) 5
65| evsjv fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i AšÍf©y³ Kivi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b †Kvb ai‡bi †KvW e¨envi nq?
K) BCD L) ASCII
M) EBCDIC N) Unicode
66| A+BC KZ?
K) (A+B)+(AC) L) (A+C)+(AB)
M) (A+B) (A+C) N) (A+B)+(A+C)
67| hw` wZb BbcyU OR ‡M‡Ui AvDUcyU 0 (k~b¨) Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvn‡j †KvbwUi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e?
K) mKj BbcyU 0 (k~b¨) Ki‡Z n‡e
L) mKj BbcyU 1 Ki‡Z n‡e
M) †h †Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 0 (k~b¨) Ki‡Z n‡e
N) †h †Kv‡bv GKwU BbcyU 1 Ki‡Z n‡e
68| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki|
K) L)
M) N)
85| DcvË I Z_¨ msiÿ‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ-
i. wd¬c-d¬c
ii. A¨vWvi
iii. ‡iwRóvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
86| 1, 8, F avivwUi cieZ©x gvb KZ?
K) A L) B
M) 16 N) 22
87| (100)2 Ges (AA)16 Gi †hvMdj KZ
K) 1AA L) 1 B
M) AF N) AE
88| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUv‡i mKj Bs‡iwR eY©‡K Aš‘f~©³ Kiv hvq-
i. ASCIl Øviv
ii. EBCDIC Øviv
iii. Unicode Øviv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
89| Gb‡KvWv‡ii BbcyU n‡”Q-
i. A±vj msL¨v
ii. `kwgK msL¨v
iii. ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
90| NOR Gi AvDUcyU 0 (k~Y¨) n‡e hLb-
i. †h †Kvb GKwU BbcyU 0 (k~Y¨)
ii. me¸‡jv BbcyU 1
iii. †h †Kvb GKwU BbcyU 1
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 91 I 92 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wg. AvwZK Kvgvj‡K ejj, Ò‡Zvgvi eqm KZ?Ó Kvgvj ejj †h Zvi eqm (101101)2|
91| Kvgv‡ji eq‡mi mgKÿ msL¨v n‡jv-
K) (25)5 L) (35)8
M) (55)8 N) (65)8
92| `k eQi ci Kvgv‡ji eqm evBbvwi‡Z KZ n‡e?
K) (101011)2 L) (101110)2
M) (101111)2 N) (110111)2
♦ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 93 I 94 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: