Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture 5
Compiled by:
LDValiente
1 ECE107
n n0 h n n0
T{‧}
2 ECE107
y n x k h n k
k
x n x k n k
k
x k n k x k h n k
4 ECE107
hn k h k n
hk h k
reflecting h[k] about the origin to obtain h[-k]
Shifting the origin of the reflected sequence to
k=n
5 ECE107
y n x k h n k
k
6 ECE107
1 0 n N 1
hn xn a nun
0 otherwise
h(-k) h(k)
0 0
h(n-k) x(k)
0
n 0,y n xk h n k 0,
k
8 ECE107
h(-k) h(k)
0 0
x(k)
h(n-k)
n 0, n N 1 0 0 n N 1
n
1 a n 1
n
yn xk h k n a k
k 0 k 0 1 a
9 ECE107
h(-k) h(k)
0 0
n N 1 0 n N 1
n n
yn xkhk n ak
k n N 1 k n N 1
1a 1a
10 ECE107
0, n0
1 a n 1
yn , 0 n N 1
1 a
a n N 1 1 a
N
1 a , N 1 n
11 ECE107
h n h1 n h2 n
13 ECE107
x n h n h n
2 1
commutative
h n h1 n h2 n
14 ECE107
15 ECE107
n
1, n 0
hn k un
k 0, n 0
16 ECE107
M1 M2
17 ECE107
M1 M2
u n M 2 1
M2 1
u n M1
M1
18 ECE107
hn n 1 n
hn n n 1
19 ECE107
Finite-duration impulse
response (FIR) systems
The impulse response of the system has
only a finite number of nonzero samples.
M2
1
such as: h n n k
M1 M 2 1 k M1
1
, M1 n M 2
M1 M 2 1
0 , otherwise
The FIR systems always are stable.
S h n
n
20 ECE107
Infinite-duration impulse
response (IIR)
The impulse response of the system is
infinite in duration
n
1, n 0
hn k un
k 0, n 0
S u n
n
Unstable system
22 ECE107
Equivalent systems
h n n 1 n n 1
n 1 n 1 n n n 1
23 ECE107
Inverse system
hn hi n hi n hn n
h[n] y[n]= x[n]*]= x[n]
x[n] hi[n]
δ[n]
5 Linear Constant-Coefficient
Difference Equations
An important subclass of LTI systems
consist of those system for which the
input x[n] and output y[n] satisfy an
Nth-order linear constant-coefficient
difference equation.
N M
a yn k b xn m
k 0
k
m 0
m
25 ECE107
a yn k b xn m
k 0
k
m 0
m
26 ECE107
y n y n 1 x n
27 ECE107
1
hn n n M 2 1 un
M 2 1
y n y n 1 x1 n
1
x1 n
M 2 1
x n x n M 2 1
N M
a yn k b xn m
k 0
k
m0
m
1
y n y n 1
M 2 1
x n x n M 2 1
29 ECE107
Difference Equation
Representation of the System
30 ECE107
a yn k b xn m
k 0
k
m 0
m
31 ECE107
ak yh n k 0
k 0 N
m 1
a yn k b xn m
k 0
k
m0
m
y0 ac K
y1 ay0 0 aac K a 2c aK
y2 ay1 0 a a 2c aK a 3c a 2 K
y3 ay2 0 a a 3c a 2 K a 4c a 3 K
y n a n 1c a n K, for n 0
34 ECE107
Summary
N M
a yn k b xn m
k 0
k
m 0
m
Summary
If auxiliary conditions are given as N sequential
values of the output, y 1 , y 2 , L , y N ,for
N M
a yn k b xn m
k 0
k
m 0
m
Summary
Given y 1 , y 2 , L , y N for
N M
a yn k b xn m
k 0
k
m0
m
initial-rest conditions
Summary
41 ECE107
a 1 S h n
n
43 ECE107
y n ay n 1 x n , x n K n , y 1 0
since x n 0, n 0, y n 0, n 0 by recursing
backward
y n Ka nu n , causal, linear
If the input is K n n0 , again with initial-rest
conditions, then recursive solution is carried
out using the initial condition yn 0 , n n0
44 ECE107
Discussion
If input is K n n0 , with initial-rest conditions:
if x n 0, n n0 , then yn 0, n n0
y n Ka n n0 u n n0
Note that for n0 0 , initial rest implies that
y 1 0
Initial rest does not always means
y 1 L y N 0
It does mean that y n0 1 L y n0 N 0
if xn 0 , n n0 .
45 ECE107