ELEMENTS OF STATISTICS &

PROBABILITY
Assignment # 02

mnawaz.maths@leads.edu.pk
 Elements of Statistics & Probability

Q. 1 The following data give the total number of iPods sold by a mail order compony on
each of 30 days.
8 25 11 15 29 22 10 5 17 21
22 13 26 16 18 12 9 26 20 16
23 14 19 23 20 16 27 16 21 14

Construct a frequency distribution and find

▪ Class Boundary
▪ Class Mark
▪ Relative Frequency %
▪ Cumulative Frequency
▪ Cumulative Relative Frequency %
Here, we can distribute this data into 5 days interval. So, our class interval will be 5.
Days (Classes) Frequency (f) C.B Class Mark R.F % C.F C.R.F %
Day 1 to 5 (01-05) 1 (0.5-5.5) 3 3% 1 3%
Day 6 to 10 (06-10) 3 (5.5-10.5) 8 10% 4 13%
Day 11 to 15 (11-15) 6 (10.5-15.5) 13 20% 10 33%
Day 16 to 20 (16-20) 9 (15.5-20.5) 18 30% 19 63%
Day 21 to 25 (21-25) 7 (20.5-25.5) 23 23% 26 87%
Day 26 to 30 (26-30) 4 (26.5-30.5) 28 13% 30 100%

Hint: first upper limit = 𝑈𝐶𝐿1

Second lower limit = 𝐿𝐶𝐿2
C.B = (𝐿𝐶𝐿2 +𝑈𝐶𝐿1 )/2 = (6+5)/2 = 5.5
Class Mark = (𝐿𝐶𝐿1+𝑈𝐶𝐿1 )/2 = (1+5)/2 = 6/2 = 3
𝑅. 𝐹6 = (4/30)x100 = 13%
𝐶. 𝐹5 = 1+3+6+9+7 = 26
𝐶. 𝑅. 𝐹% 3 = (10/30)x100 = 33%

Activity # 02: Draw below mentioned charts based on above frequency distribution.
▪ Simple Bar Chart
▪ Histogram
▪ Frequency Polygon
▪ Frequency Curve
▪ Ogive Chart
▪ Pie Chart

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 Elements of Statistics & Probability

A. Simple Bar Chart

10 9
9
8 7
7 6
Frequancy

6
5 4
4 3
3
2 1
1
0
(1-5) (6-10) (11-15) (16-20) (21-25) (26-30)
Days (Classes)

Classes at X-axis and frequencies at Y-axis.

B. Histogram
It depends on class boundaries.

10

8
Frequancy

0
(0.5-5.5) (5.5-10.5) (10.5-15.5) (15.5-20.5) (20.5-25.5) (26.5-30.5)
C.B

C. Frequency Polygon
It depends on class marks.

10

8
Frequancy

0
3 8 13 18 23 28
Class Mark

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 Elements of Statistics & Probability

D. Frequency Curve
It is a mixture of histogram and frequency polygon. Class marks will be at X-axis.

10

8
Frequancy

0
3 8 13 18 23 28
Class Mark

E. Ogive Chart
It is based on cumulative frequency percentage.

120%

100%

80%
R.F %

60%

40%

20%

0%
(1-5) (6-10) (11-15) (16-20) (21-25) (26-30)
Days (Classes)

F. Pie Chart
It shows every class contribution percentage in whole sale.

3%

13% 10%

23% 20%

30%

(1-5) (6-10) (11-15) (16-20) (21-25) (26-30)

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 Elements of Statistics & Probability

Q. 2 The following data represents the iPods sale made by two different companies in
first 6 months.
Month Compony A Compony B
Jan, 2014 540 410
Feb, 2014 491 377
Mar, 2014 467 521
Apr, 2014 543 601
May, 2014 499 523
Jun, 2014 413 387

▪ Draw Multiple Bar Chart.

▪ Draw Historigram based on iPods sale made by compony A.
▪ Make comparison of two companies based on iPods sale made by them in first
half of 2014.

A. Multiple Bar Chart

Compony A Compony B

700

600

500
iPods Sale

400

300

200

100

-
Jan, 2014 Feb, 2014 Mar, 2014 Apr, 2014 May, 2014 Jun, 2014
Month

We can see how sale of both companies varies month by month.

Every month also shows the comparison between both companies.
There is difference of color in bars of both companies. So, chart can be easily read.

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 Elements of Statistics & Probability

B. Historigram
It is a line chart which can be plot against time and frequencies.

800

700

600

500
iPods Sale

400

300

200

100

-
Jan, 2014 Feb, 2014 Mar, 2014 Apr, 2014 May, 2014 Jun, 2014
Month

C. Historigram Comparison
With the help of Historigram, we can show the sale trend of both companies in one
picture.

800

700

600

500
iPods Sale

400

300

200

100

-
Jan, 2014 Feb, 2014 Mar, 2014 Apr, 2014 May, 2014 Jun, 2014
Month

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 Elements of Statistics & Probability

Q. 3 We have a one-month household expenditures of two different families.

Expenditure Family A Family B
Food 24,000 30,000
Clothing 8,000 12,000
House Rent 7,000 13,000
Education 3,000 6,000
Internet 4,000 10,000
Utilities 4,000 6,000
Misc. 5,000 8,000
Total 55,000 85,000

▪ Draw Component/Stacked Bar.

▪ Make each class comparison of both families based on percentages.
▪ Show each class expense contribution in whole expenditure of Family A.

A. Stacked Bar Chart

Food Clothing House Rent Education Internet Utilities Misc.

90,000
80,000
70,000
Expenditure

60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
-
Family A Family B
Family

B. Stacked Bar based on Percentages

First, we have to calculate R.F %
Expenditure Family A Family B Family A % Family B %
Food 24,000 30,000 (24K/61K)x100=39% (30K/95K)x100=32%
Clothing 8,000 12,000 13% 13%
House Rent 7,000 13,000 11% 14%
Education 3,000 6,000 5% 6%
Internet 4,000 10,000 7% 11%
Utilities 10,000 16,000 16% 17%
Misc. 5,000 8,000 8% 8%
Total 61,000 95,000 100% 100%

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 Elements of Statistics & Probability

Now, we can draw stacked bar and show comparison of each class contribution in its
respective whole budget utilization against Family A & B.

Food Clothing House Rent Education Internet Utilities Misc.

120%

100%
8% 8%

16% 17%
80%
7%
Expenditure %

11%
5%
60% 6%
11%
14%
13%
40%
13%

20% 39%
32%

0%
Family A % Family B %
Family

C. Pie Chart

8%

16%
39%

7%

5%
11%
13%

Food Clothing House Rent Education Internet Utilities Misc.

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 Elements of Statistics & Probability

Q. 4 Following table gives the birth rates and death rates per thousand of a few
countries. Draw a multiple chart.
Country Birth Rate Death Rate
India 33 24
Japan 32 19
Germany 16 10
Egypt 44 24
Australia 20 9
New Zealand 18 8
France 21 16
Russia 38 16

Q. 5 We have sale data (in millions) of Xbox from 2005 to 2019. Draw Historigram on it
and also mark the maximum and smallest values in this series.
Year Unit Sale (M)
2006 6.8
2007 7.88
2008 10.91
2009 10.16
2010 13.25
2011 13.81
2012 10.68
2013 6.24
2014 2.6
2015 0.93

Q. 6 We have measured height of hundred students and made a frequency distribution.

Height (inches) - Classes No. of Students (f)
(60-62) 5
(63-65) 18
(66-68) 42
(69-71) 27
(72-74) 8

Draw below charts

▪ Histogram
▪ Frequency Chart
▪ Relative Frequency Polygon
▪ Ogive Chart

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