Names :Sri Diva Sinaga

Vika Desrani Mendrofa

Class : Dik Ing E 20

Subject : Productive Oral Language Skill

Lecturer : Neni Afrida Sari Harahap .S.Pd.,M.Hum

EXPERIANTAL METAPHOR

Abstract Jornal 1

These Educational toys are important in early child development and motivate children
to learn language. Numerous digital toys are now available in the children’s educational toys
market to help children learn foreign languages. However, a number of such technologies are
expensive and the quality of usability is not at an acceptable level. The aim of the study is to
develop a cost-effective, sustainable and danger-free educational toy for pre-kindergarten
children aged between 4-5 years old to teach English as a second language in developing
countries. This toy has been developed with Raspberry Pi and makes use of the RFID
technology.

The experiment in this research was conducted with 20 pre kindergarten children for
four weeks under the supervision of 14 teachers, using five games of the developed toy testing
the prekindergarten children’s learning of alphabet, words, colors, shapes, and numbers. A
design-based research model with an innovation design method utilized during the
development stage of the toy. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to evaluate the
developed toy. The results of the experiment showed that the developed toy is user-friendly,
and the pre-kindergarten children were enthusiastic about playing with it and learning was
enjoyable. Also, the results showed that the developed toy can be suitable for use as an
educational toy for pre-kindergarten children to teach English as a second language. The
educational toy developed by the researchers will be beneficial for those who wish to teach
English to pre-kindergarten children such as administrators, teachers and parents in developing
countries.
Lexical Metaphor
1. Educational toys. These Educational toys are important in early
2. development and motivate children to child development and motivate students to
learn language. learn language for their speaking skills.The
3. Digital toys. research use five games of digital toys as their
 experiment for 20 students.And the result
4. The experiment in this research. showed that the developed toy is user-friendly
and enjoyable for students

Abstract journal 2

Reading while listening, i.e. simultaneously reading and listening to a text, has been
shown to be an efficient procedure for foreign language learning. It has also been considered a
way of increasing the quality and quantity of L2 input as well as a form of engaging readers in
the process of reading. However, little research has been conducted about this mode of reading
with young, inexperienced EFL learners. The present study reports on primary students’ levels
of engagement and perceptions after participating on a one-year reading programme at school.
The results reveal that the reading-while-listening mode seems to contribute positively to the
students’ perceptions and level of engagement when reading in English.

Lexical
1. It has also been considered a way of
increasing the quality and quantity of L2 input
as well as a form of engaging readers in the
process of reading.
 2. However, little research has been conducted
about this mode of reading with young,
inexperienced EFL learners
Metaphor
1. Reading while listening, i.e. simultaneously reading
and listening to a text, has been shown to be an
efficient procedure for foreign language learning.
2. The present study reports on primary
students’ levels of engagement and perceptions
after participating on a one-year reading
programme at school.

Abstract journal 3

In today’s global world, the importance of English cannot be denied and ignored since English is
the greatest common language spoken universally. To learn English requires constant practice and
patience. The kind of feeling that succeeds among students is that it is not possible to achieve fluency or
mastery over the English language. This kind of tendency prevents students from learning English. Most
of the students study English from the examination point of view, so they are not able to produce even a
si sentence without the grammatical error. Furthermore, sufficient practice is not given to students to
learn a language. Knowledge of English is necessary if one wants to come up in life. It is the major
window of the modern world. This is all the more In today’s global world, the importance of English
cannot be denied and ignored since English is the greatest common language spoken universally. To
learn English requires constant practice and patience. The kind of feeling that succeeds among students
is that it is not possible to achieve fluency or mastery over the English language. This kind of tendency
prevents students from learning English. Most of the students study English from the examination point
of view, so they are not able to produce even a single sentence without the grammatical error.
Furthermore, sufficient practice is not given to students to learn a language. Knowledge of English is
necessary if one wants to come up in life. It is the major window of the true where the advanced
countries have opened their doors for recruiting technically qualified persons. Only those who have a
command over the English language are true where the advanced countries have opened their doors for
recruiting technically qualified persons. Only those who have a command over the English language are
given a job.
Lexical Methopora
1. It is the major window of the modern world 1. In today’s global world, the importance of
2. This kind of tendency prevents students from English cannot be denied and ignored
learning English 2. since English is the greatest common language
3. Furthermore, sufficient practice is not given to spoken universally
students to learn a language. 3. Most of the students study English from the
examination point of view, so they are not able
to produce even a si sentence without the
grammatical error.
4. Knowledge of English is necessary if one wants
to come up in life

Abstract journal 4

ABSTRACT: This paper titled integrating reading and writing instruction in English Language teaching
programme to enhance leaner’s English writing performance examined the effect of applying skills
integration strategy on the performance of trainees in written English in the areas of content,
organisation, expression and mechanical accuracy. The study adopted the quasi-experiment with pre-
test-post-test design to study the effect on two groups of students, the experimental and the control
groups. Each groups consisted of eighty eight (88) subjects. The experimental group was exposed to
integration of reading and writing strategy for six weeks while the control group was not given the
treatment. The two groups were tested and the result revealed that the experimental group performed
better than the control group because of the treatment given. The paper recommended among others
that teachers should adopt integration of skills as a teaching strategy to enhance leaner’s performance
in English writing exercises.
 Lexical
1. The study adopted the quasi-experiment with
pre-test-post-test design to study the effect on
two groups of students, the experimental and
the control groups.
2. Each groups consisted of eighty eight (88)
subjects
3. The experimental group was exposed to
integration of reading and writing strategy for
six weeks while the control group was not
given the treatment.
Methopora
1. This paper titled integrating reading and writing
instruction in English Language teaching
programme to enhance leaner’s English writing
performance examined the effect of applying
skills integration strategy on the performance of
trainees in written English in the areas of
content, organisation, expression and
mechanical accuracy.
2. The study adopted the quasi-experiment with
pre-test-post-test design to study the effect on
two groups of students, the experimental and
the control groups.
3. The experimental group was exposed to
integration of reading and writing strategy for
six weeks while the control group was not

Abstract journal 5

Abstract

This paper surveys some of the changes in teaching the four language skills in the past 15 years.
It focuses on two main changes for each skill: understanding spoken language and willingness to
communicate for speaking; product, process, and genre approaches and a focus on feedback for
writing; extensive reading and literature for reading; and decoding and metacognitive awareness
for listening. This overview, however, suggests that changes in theoretical understandings and in
teacher training often do not filter down to the classroom and that change is context dependent to
a very high degree. Overall, some of the changes that have been at work in language teaching
since the 1970s may not have reached classrooms in compulsory education around the world.
Lexical Methopora
1. This paper surveys some of the changes in teaching 1. Overall, some of the changes that have been at work
the four language skills in the past 15 years. in language teaching since the 1970s may not have
reached classrooms in compulsory education around the
2. It focuses on two main changes for each skill: world.
understanding spoken language and willingness to
communicate for speaking; product, process, and genre
approaches and a focus on feedback for writing;
extensive reading and literature for reading; and
decoding and metacognitive awareness for listening.

3. This overview, however, suggests that changes in

theoretical understandings and in teacher training often
do not filter down to the classroom and that change is
context dependent to a very high degree