Answer:

Section 1: A tip for solving these type of questions

dy
 Py  Q
 The standard form of differential equation is expressed as dx
and its general solution can be obtained by using the expression given by
integrating factor method.
y  I.F .   Q  I.F . dx

 P dx
Here I.F . is the integrating factor which can be calculated as I.F .  e .

Section 2: Step-by-step answer

Given:
dy
 y tan x  2 x  x 2 tan x
The differential equation is dx .

To Find: The general solution of the given differential equation.

Step 1:

Instruction Compare the given differential equation with the general form
dy
 Py  Q
dx to obtain P and Q .

Calculation P  tan x
Q  2 x  x 2 tan x

Step 2:

Instruction  P dx
Substitute tan x for P in the expression I.F .  e .

Calculation
I.F .  e 
tan x dx

e 
ln se c x 

 se c x
Step 3:

Instruction Substitute se c x for I.F . and 2 x  x tan x for Q in the

2

y  I.F .   Q  I.F . dx
expression to obtain the general solution.
Calculation 
y  se c x     se c x  2 x  x tan x dx
2

  2 x se c x  dx   x 2 tan x se c x  dx
……(i)

Step 4 :

Instruction
x tan x se c x  dx  I
2
Assume in equation (i)
Calculation y  se c x   2 x se c x  dx  I
……(ii)

Step 5:

Instruction Solve I using integration by parts rule which is expressed as:

d 
u  v  u  v  dx     u   v  dx  dx
 dx 
Calculation d
I  x 2  se c x  tan x dx   
 dx
x2    se c x  tan x  dx
 x 2 se c x   2 x  se c x  dx  c

Step 6:

Instruction x 2 se c x   2 x  se c x  dx
Substitute for I in equation (ii).
Calculation y  se c x   2 x  se c x  dx  x 2 se c x   2 x  se c x  dx  c
y  se c x  x 2 se c x  c
y  x 2  c  cos x …
…(iii)
Step 7:

Instruction Substitute 1 for y and 0 for x in equation (iii) to get the value
of c .
Calculation 1  0 2  c  cos  0  
c 1

Step 8:

Instruction Substitute 1 for c in equation (iii).

Calculation y  x 2  1 cos x
y  x 2  cos x

Section 3: Final Answer

The general solution of the given differential equation

dy
 y tan x  2 x  x 2 tan x
is given by y  x  cos x .
2
dx