Kamias Mouthwash

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Laguna, Philippines 4025
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING i
Kamias Fruit Juice as an Essential Ingredient for Mouthwash
A Feasibility StudyPresented to
the Faculty of the College of Engineering
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
By
Arevalo, David Kyle U.

Cardel, Victor Paulo
Montilla, Eugene V.
Tasarra, EJ Ashley A.
September 2019
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ii
Table of Contents
Title Page.......................................................................................................................i
Table of Contents.........................................................................................................ii
Chapter 1 The Problem and its background................................................................1
Introduction..............................................................................................1
Background of the Study.........................................................................3
Statement of the Problem........................................................................5
Objectives................................................................................................6
Conceptual Framework............................................................................7
Significance of the Study.........................................................................9
Scope of the study.................................................................................10
Limitations of the Study.........................................................................10
Review of Related Literature.................................................................11
Research methodology..........................................................................17
Research Design...................................................................................17
Instrument and Technique Used...........................................................18
Chapter 2....................................................................................................................26
Technical Aspects......................................................................................................26
Company Logo and Name.....................................................................26
Brand Name...........................................................................................27
Economic Use........................................................................................28
Facilities Planning and Design..............................................................29
Raw Materials........................................................................................43
Summary of Supplier.............................................................................50
Machines, Equipment and Tools...........................................................55
Process Flow Chart...............................................................................60
Process Description...............................................................................62
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING iii
Design of Experiment............................................................................72
Product Comparison..............................................................................74
Safety Engineering................................................................................76
Chapter 3....................................................................................................................79
Socio-Economic and Environmental aspect..............................................................79
Socio-Economic aspects.......................................................................79
Environmental Aspect............................................................................81
References.................................................................................................................82
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING iv
List of Table
Table No. Title Page

1 Consideration of Other Factors 32Y
2 Grading Legend for Supplier 45
Y3 Kamias Supplier Comparison 46
Y4 Essential Oil Supplier Comparison 47
Y5 Pet Bottles Supplier Comparison 48
Y6 Baking Soda Supplier Comparison 49
Y 7 Kamias Mouthwash BOM 54
Y8 Description of Machineries to be used. 56
Y9 Description of Machine Supplier. 57
Y 10 Description of Tools and equipment to be used 58
Y 11 Description of Tools and equipment’s supplier. 58
Y 12 Washing Process 65
Y 13 Extraction Process 66
Y 14 Mixing Process 67
Y 15 Filtration Process 68
Y 16 Bottling Process 69
Y 17 Experiment Ratios 72
Y 18 Product Comparison 75
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING v
List of Figures
Figure No. Title PageY
Y1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

2 Research Paradigm of the Study 8
3 Westinghouse System Skill and Effort Rating 19
4 ILO Recommended Allowance 22
5 Company Logo and Name 27
6 Brand Name 28
7 Centroid Graph 31
8 Plant Location 31
9 Plant Structure 35
10 Plant Layout (1st Floor) 36
11 Plant Layout (2nd Floor) 37
12 Emergency Exit Plan (1st Floor) 41
13 Emergency Exit Plan (2nd Floor) 42
14 Emergency Plan Legends 43
15 Manufacturing Process of Mouthwash 62
16 Volume Share 71
17 Socio-economic Diagram 81
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING vi
YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING i
Chapter 1
The Problem and its Background
Introduction
Kamias holds great value in the complementary and alternative medicine as
evidenced by the substantial amount of research. Therefore, the researchers aimed
to compile an up-to-date and comprehensive review of Kamias that covers its
traditional and folk medicine uses. This study will use the Kamias as an ingredient to
their mouthwash. In a study that was previously conducted, there was a significant
change on teeth after application of Kamias [1]. It is one of the plants that can be
used as an antibacterial. Kamias has been used for traditional medicine and
economically and medicinally important, but they remain underutilized.
Plaque may still be left after brushing or flossing that can harm the oral
health, this plaque, gingivitis and tartar can cause decay in the teeth and may result
to toothache. Using a mouthwash or rinse can help prevent or reduce tartar, plaque,
and gingivitis. Mouthwashes are used for a variety of reasons: to freshen breath help
prevent or control tooth decay, reduce plaque (a thin film of bacteria that forms on
teeth), prevent or reduce gingivitis (an early stage of gum disease), reduce the
speed that tartar (hardened plaque) forms on the teeth

This study proves and create product that can use the potential of the Kamias
extract’s potential to use as an ingredient to improve the effectivity and capability of
current mouthwash that many people use. The product covers prevention and
reduction of plaque that cause many bacteria that may lead to tooth decay and
toothache, other properties that the Kamias have and other benefits that this product
can provide to the users, thus can’t cure any disease that the mouth already
acquired.
Background of the Study
The proponents came up with the idea of the Kamias mouthwash from the
famous DIY (Do-It-Yourself) idea of Kamias toothpaste especially in most household
in the Southeast Asia region. The proponent first considers to use this idea to make
a Kamias toothpaste but consider some difficulties during the process. The
proponents consider the potential of the Kamias to relieve toothache thus
considering to use it as an essential ingredient to make organic mouthwash.
Able to socialize
confidently
Personal use of
products
are safe
Figure 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

The researchers of this study notice that there are many people who suffer
from halitosis or bad breath, especially here in the Philippines. In the Philippines, the
incidence of halitosis, conservatively speaking, may be 75 percent or higher for the
general population. It shouldn’t be the reason for the person to lose confidence in
himself and feels that he doesn’t belong to that community where in the Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs, it is the Love and belonging. When it comes to our health, we
are very careful especially when it is taken orally that is why the researcher wanted
make the product that are free from any toxicity and any harm that may bring to the
consumers, this is where the safety needs of the people come in.
Statement of the Problem
The researchers observed that there are too many kamias fruit that are not
utilized, and is left to be rotten. So the researchers noticed that the kamias fruit juice
can be associated to the mouthwash, and based on the researched data 75% of the
Filipinos has a bad breath due to the sting that they suffer in using current
mouthwash product, they rely only on toothpaste and tooth brush which misses to
clean the 75% of their mouth that causes for the germs and micro-organisms to
spread easily. This study sought to answer the following research problems.
1. How the study use kamias as an essential ingredient in mouthwash?
2. What are the processes involving in making kamias as an essential ingredient
in mouthwash?
3. How will the sustainability of the primary raw material can be achieved?
4. Who will be the possible consumer of kamias mouthwash?
5. What marketing strategies are effective for using kamias as mouthwash?

Objectives
In order to achieve a certain goal, its objective must be determined. The main
objective of this study is to determine the productivity and marketability of kamias
fruit juice as an essential ingredient for therapeutic mouthwash. This will include the
identification of supply and demand of the product, pricing strategy, marketing
programs, and survey results. Also, this study seeks to determine the following
specific objectives:
1. To determine the use of Kamias as an essential ingredient in mouthwash.
2. To identify the processes of making Kamias as an essential ingredient in
mouthwash.
3. To determine the sustainability of the primary raw material.
4. To identify the possible consumer of the propose product.
5. To determine the marketing strategies that are effective for using kamias as
mouthwash.
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. The use of
kamias as an essential
ingredient in mouthwash.
2. The processes
of making kamias as an Methods in the form of

essential ingredient in questionnaires, surveys,
A kamias fruit juice as an
direct observation, essential ingredient for
mouthwash.
gathering of secondary mouthwash.
3. The data, experimentations,
sustainability of the testing, and
valix`dations.
primary raw material.
4. The possible
consumer of the propose
product.
5. The marketing
strategies that are
effective for using
kamias as mouthwash.
FEEDBACK
Figure 2. Research Paradigm of the Study
Figure 2 shows the conceptual framework of the research. Input consist of the
different data the researchers will be gathering throughout the whole study, and this
are, kamias as an essential ingredients in mouthwash, the processes of making
kamias as an essential ingredients in mouthwash, the sustainability of the primary
raw material the possible supplier of raw material of the propose product,the
possible consumer of the propose product, and the marketing strategies that are
effective for using kamias as mouthwash. Located in the form of questionnaires,
surveys, direct observation, and gathering of secondary data, experimentations,
testing, and validations. That will lead to an output of a kamias fruit juice as an
essential ingredients for mouthwash.
.
Significance of the Study
The output, findings and final product of this study may be beneficial to the
following:
The Consumer. This study will help them in having a mouthwash that will
provide the same experience with the leading brand without having or experiencing
sting and aches in mouth. Provide a mouthwash that will kill bacteria and remove
bad breath.
The researchers. This study will help the researchers to expand their
knowledge and improve their analyzing skills, observation, experimentation and
resourcefulness. This will also help them to explore the outside world through the
help of finding, understanding and analyzing the data.
The findings of this study will directly benefit the users of thermal insulation board as
they can have a durable, environmentally friendly, and cost effective
Future researchers. This study will help the future researchers to understand
the properties of kamias that makes it a good component for mouthwash. They can
also use this study to add in their related literature.
The Industry of Mouthwash. This study will also help the industry in making
the new and improve mouthwash, removing or replacing the norm of the mouthwash
for an alcohol to remove bacteria, but instead having kamias to replace the alcohol
and other ingredients with side effects.
Scope of the study
This study will focus on the production of the mouthwash that is the main
purpose is to kill bacteria and make breath fresher. This study will also include the
understanding of the properties of the kamias that makes it a suitable substance in
making it as a primary component for mouthwash.
Limitations of the Study
This study will not include the reasons or causes toothache and mouth
disease other than causes of bad breath. The final product also focuses only in
fighting bacteria and making the breath fresher.
Review of Related Literature
Oral Health Care
According to Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [3],
Taking good care of our mouth, teeth and gums is a great goal in and of itself.
Having a good oral hygiene can take everyone to a healthy lifestyle. It can also help
to prevent tooth decay, gum diseases and bad breath and keep our teeth as we get
older. Colgate also provided conclusions from researches that an unhealthy mouth
specially gum diseases could possibly increase the risk of serious health problems
like heart attack, preterm labor, stroke and poorly controlled diabetes.
Oral health touches every aspect of the body, it is even the window into the
health of the body. It can give signs and warnings about the body condition, like
nutritional deficiencies or general infection. To clean be able to maintain a healthy
mouth everybody can practice regular cleaning of mouth by brushing the teeth and
using mouthwash. [4]
Mouthwash
There are two main types of mouthwash, cosmetic and therapeutic.
Therapeutic mouthwashes are available both over-the-counter and by prescription,
depending on the formulation. There are also therapeutic mouthwashes that help
reduce or control plaque, gingivitis, bad breath, and tooth decay. While Cosmetic
mouthwash may temporarily control bad breathe and leave behind a pleasant taste,
but have no chemical or biological application beyond their temporary benefit [5].
Benefits of Kamias
Bones and teeth became weaker and weaker as we age, and a supplement
rich in calcium might be the answer to this, but eating fuits which are rich in calcium
is even better. Kamias fruit is the most prominent fruit that can support the entire
skeletal structure. Phosphorus complements calcium by increasing the mineral’s
effectiveness of adding strength and density to teeth and bones. [6]
In the article of Alhassan Muhhammad [7], he stated that the Kamias fruit the
biologically active agents have not been isolated from this plant and this can be a
good scientific study for the future anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial
implications. And it is used since the Egyptian era, where many evidences were
found in ancient Egyptian medical papyrus.
On a research that was conducted by the students of Cebu Doctors’
University [8], Kamias Fruit exhibited potential whitening effect on the tooth shade of
the maxillary anterior teeth of the dental students of Cebu Doctors' University
academic year 2010-2011. The shade of the maxillary anterior teeth became one
shade lighter using the VITA shade guide. Another instrument that the researchers
used was a revised scale that was used to measure the tooth shade. The results
show that the median tooth shade before application is 3, which is categorized as
white for all six teeth. The median tooth shade after applying the Kamias is 4, which
is categorized as whiter in all six teeth. There is a significant change on the teeth
after the application of Kamias Fruit.
In the article “Growing Kamias and its many uses” [9], it is stated that the in
the Philippines, the leaves of Kamias are used to make a paste and applied it on
itches, swelling of mumps and rheumatism, and also in skin eruption. It is also used
as a tonic after childbirth. Leaf decoction is taken to relieve rectal inflammation. A
paste of pickled Kamias is smeared all over the body to hasten recovery after a
fever. The article also states that there are some folkloric uses of Kamias, some of
these are warm paste of leaves is used for pruritus, fruit as a cooling drink, leaves
are used for venereal disease etc.
According to Kekitaan [5] Kamias can be used as a natural treatment for
toothache. Dental diseases are commonly caused by the presence of bacteria inside
the mouth, and Kamias has a substance that fight against these bacteria and good
for treating toothache.
On his article [10] mentioned that Kamias have 10 proven benefits that helps
our health. He stated that Kamias can cure diseases and prevent our body from
disease because Kamias has a complex nutrition that we could get from this. Some
of these are oxalate, formic acid, tannins, etc. One of its benefits is treating
toothache. He gives instruction on how to use Kamias to cure toothache, just crush
some Kamias and put on the teeth.
Having a bioactive compound, bilimbi has a commendable antimicrobial
property and became a potent herb that can combat drug resistant bacteria [11].
On the article of Dr. Godofredo U. Stuart Jr. [12], Kamias’ antimicrobial
properties differ at different stages of maturity against gram-positive and gram-
negative bacteria. Streptococcus Mutans is a gram-positive bacterium that is a great
contributor to tooth decay. The bilimbi extracts at all stages of ripening showed
inhibitory activity against the selected bacterial strains, and extracts of younger fruits
showed more effectivity. The antimicrobial activity may be due to the oxalic acid
content.
It is found that Kamias has a substance that able to fight against bacteria and
good for treating for toothache. In treating the toothache, just eat some Kamias
during toothache or just apply some on the affected area. [13]
Inhibitory activities against the selected different kinds of bacterial strains
from all stages of bilimbi fruit extract. But it was observed that younger fruit were
more effective against bacteria. Since the younger fruit contains high content of
bioactive compounds [14].
Bilimbi fruit was already been used as a traditional treatment for sore throat,
ulcers, bleeding gums, tooth cavity and many more. Also there are presence of
ethanol in the extract of bilimbi fruit, which effective against the inhibitory activity of
Streptococcus sanguis, the mouth bacteria, and it is also effective against the growth
of Candida albicans that can be found inside the mouth. The ethanolic extract from
bilimbi fruit is very effective against the bacteria that inhibits inside the mouth, and
the higher the concentration, the greater the effect is. Concentration of 10% is the
most effective in this test because it has the biggest clear zone [15].
According to Cut Fuziah [16] on his jounal “Color Change of Enamel after
Application of Averrhoa bilimbi”, teeth discoloration is mainly treated with dental
bleaching. He stated that the use of chemical bleaching has side effects, so they find
alternative using natural bleaching agent. Research shows that Kamias contains
peroxide and oxalate acid that possess tooth whitening properties. In his research
result, Kamias had a good prospect as a dental bleaching agent since its application
effectively resulted to slight enamel color change.
Kamias extract has oxalic acid properties that is very useful for bleaching
stains. In the research of Patricia Mae Martinez [17] on removing different stain on
cloth using the Kamias juice. The materials that are used to stain the cloth are
ketchup, coffee, chocolate, soy sauce, Mang Tomas and Betadine. The result of the
research is that the soy sauce and coffee had the fastest stain diminish after the
application of the Kamias Juice and didn’t even take 5 minutes. The rest of the stain
was removed after 10 minutes has passed. It is like they scrubbed the way they
scrubs their laundry clothes.

Bilimbi is considered as one of the most underestimated fruit and especially
not popular. This fruit is a good source of many vitamins such as vitamin B, C and
phosphorus, anti-oxidant and iron. It is used for allergy treatment and drinking
Kamias juice will do the trick. It is also used to treat cough and support bone health
with its phosphorus which complements calcium increasing mineral’s effectivity by
adding density and strength to teeth and bones. Also used to treat diabetes,
hypertension, and rheumatism and helps lose weight. [18]

Research methodology
In this chapter, it discussed the methodologies that the researcher design, the
instruments and techniques used, data gatherings, data manipulation, and testing
procedures.
Research Design
Qualitative Research
The proponents conducted a verbal interview by asking significant questions
to people who has found to be knowledgeable about different portions of the
research. Related studies have also been used in choosing raw materials that is
suitable for the product.
Quantitative Research
The proponent conducted experimental research through observation,
sampling and cause and effect analysis for the composition of the product. The
proponent also conducted a survey to calculate the possible consumers for the final
product.
Instrument and Technique Used
a. Process Chart
This is used to breakdown the elements of the major processes to easily
understand and visualized the whole process and how the operations works.
b. Man-Machine Chart
This is used to know how many machines and workers are needed to
successfully produce the products. This also enable the researchers to balance the
workloads to the workers.
c. Financial analysis
This helps the researchers to identify the possible profit in monetary terms
and the business performance of the company that will be specifically used in
chapter 4 of the study.
d. Westinghouse System Rating
This will help the researchers in giving a good assessment for the workers of
the company based on their performance. Each of them will be assess in 4 different
factors, skill that is divided in 6 sections, superskill, excellent, good, average, fair
and poor, next is effort which is divided in 6 sections also, excessive, excellent,
good, average, fair and poor, next is the condition and consistency, which has the
same section as the first two, except for the ideal, and perfect, consecutively.
Figure 3. Westinghouse System Skill and Effort Rating
Figure 3 shows the corresponding values of each class in rating the skill
factor of a worker. The skill relates to the experience of the worker as demonstrated
by the proper coordination in mind, hands, and body movement. The six degrees for
rating are superskill, excellent, good, average, fair, and poor.

e. ILO Recommended Allowances
Allowances are made to enable the worker to attend to his personal needs,
and for recovery from fatigue and for relaxation. The researchers used the ILO
recommended allowance to comply and compete with world standards, and due to
the fact that ILO standards were used by many companies. It is impossible to work
throughout the day even though the most practicable effective method has been
developed.
Figure 4. ILO Recommended Allowance
Figure 4 shows the ILO Recommended Allowance, the International Labor
Office (ILO) arrived at the allowance factors that is suitable for various working
condition. The allowance factors include constant allowances (Personal and
Fatigue), and variable allowance which consist of the worker’s posture while
working, the use of force or muscular energy, illumination, the working environment’s
condition, job attention, noise level, mental strain, monotony, and tediousness.
f. Linear Regression Analysis
Linear regression is a statistical tool that is used for forecasting future
demand. This is used to calculate the expected demand for the next approaching
years to know the total market size of the company and the number of materials to
be produce in a year .
Formula: F t=a+bt
n ∑ (ty)−∑ t ∑ y ∑ y−b ∑ t
b= 2
n ∑ t −¿ ¿
& a=
n
Where: F t = Forecast for period t
t = Specific number of periods

a = Value of F at t = 0
b = Slope of the line
g. Carter’s 10 Cs of Supplier Evaluation
Carter’s 10 Cs help the researchers to identify the best supplier for
each of the materials needed in the product. It will help the researchers to
make a right choice of supplier base on the 10 categories of Carter’s supplier
evaluation.
Table 1.
Carter’s 10 C’s
Carter’s 10 Cs
Competency Cost
Capacity Consistency
Commitment Culture
Control Clean
Cash Communication
Table 1 shows the 10 categories that the researchers consider in order
to find the appropriate supplier for each and every product, and this are the
competency, capacity, commitment, control, cash, cost, consistency, culture, clean,
communication.
h. Predetermined Motion Time System (PMTS)
PMTS is use in this study by the researchers to determine and have a basis
on the basic times for doing basic human activity necessary for carrying out a job
task. The concept of PMTS is to analyze a job into its fundamental human activities,
apply basic times for these from tables and synthesize them into a basic time for the
complete job.
a. Centroid Method (Center-of-Gravity Method)
The centroid method is a quantitative technique used to determine the
location of a single warehouse or distribution center to minimize the distribution cost.
This method uses facility’s longitude and latitude, and the weight or the quantity of
the product.
∑ x i Qi
x−coordinates of the facility = i=1n
∑ Qi
i=1
∑ y i Qi
y−coordinates of the facility= i=1n
∑ Qi
i=1
Where: x i is the x – coordinate of the existing facility i.
y i is the y – coordinate of the existing facility i.
Q i is the annual quantity/weight shipped to and from existing facility i.

Chapter 2
Technical Aspects
Company Logo and Name
Figure 5. Company Logo and Name
The company logo tells people the name of the company and it creates a
visual symbol that represents your business. It is an important part of your
company's brand, and makes a significant impact on a company's public perception.
In fact, a logo is one of the most important branding investments a business can
make. A logo can be described as the face of a company. The logo below

represents the business company that focuses on manufacturing of oral health care
products. The name TeethOs came from the word “Tito” which also means Men then
combined with the word Teeth which are the field of the company which makes up
the word TeethOs. The tagline of the company “Engineered Smiles” was made up by
the 4 founder of the company which are Industrial Engineers which aim to create
and protects smiles with the help of engineering methods.
Brand Name
Figure 6. Brand Name
A brand name is given to a brand to identify and differentiate it from
others. People tend to label everything to make it more identifiable and differentiated
and it's what people instantly recognize. Cleanse’Up represents the brand of one of
the products of TeethOs. It is a mouthwash that uses Kamias or Bilimbi as its core
component. The word Cleanse’Up comes from the word cleanse which means
“make thoroughly clean”. The founders used this word to express that the mouth
should be thoroughly cleaned. The logo beside the name represent the Bilimbi fruit
when cut in half which has a star-like figure. The green color of the brand name
represents that the product is made from organic and most ingredients are natural.
Mint color is also used in the brand name that which the user can experience while
using the product. The word Cleanse’Up which deliver impact to consumer that “it
should be cleaned right now”.
Economic Use
This product could be an essential labor providers from the possible
employees within the vicinity of Cabuyao Laguna. It could also benefit the farmers of
Kamias and will generate huge demand for the plantation of Kamias within the area.
Persons with tooth problems could easily choose to use Kamias mouthwash rather
than taking more expensive treatments

Facilities Planning and Design
In this section, the researchers decided where the company will be planted
and determined the optimum plant structure and layout with factors to be considered
when building a manufacturing company.
Plant Location
The first thing that the researchers determined is where to build the
manufacturing plant. The researchers primarily use the centroid method together
with the consideration of other factors in order to evaluate the best location for the
plant to be erected.
Figure 7. Centroid Graph

Figure 7 shows the x and y axis of the suppliers of the company, basically this
axis are located at manila, the blue dots represent the company’s supplier, while the
red dot represent the specific location where the company must be erected.
Figure 8. Plant Location

Source: www.googlemaps.com
Figure 8 shows the specific plant location of the company. The company will
be located at Sta. Mesa City, specifically in 14.633895 x-axis and 121.009265 y-
axis. So basically the company location will be in Metro Manila.

Table 2
Consideration of Other Factors

Factors Findings
Manila Rate: 500 – 537 pesos
Region III: 296.35 – 335.29 pesos
Labor Cost Region IV-A: 303 – 400 pesos
Region IV-B: 261.22 pesos
Region V: 255.78 pesos
Manila: 10,000 pesos and
above(Building Permit)
Infrastructure Cost
Provincial: 6,000 pesos and
above(Building Permit)
Manila and Quezon City: 2%
Taxes
Province: 1%
Table 2 shows other factors that the researchers consider in choosing the
right location of the company to be erected. The researchers didn’t only rely in
centroid on choosing the company location. The factors that considered are labor
cost, which result to manila who has the highest labor cost, the researchers include
region IV-B, region III, and region V, since this are the region which are nearest to
NCR, but too far from the supplier, which result to region IV-A to be the best place if
the consideration is labor cost, next is the infrastructure cost and the best option will
be in province as the infrastructure cost starts at 6,000 pesos, and lastly is the tax,
Manila comes with 2% tax, while 1% in province, which also result to be the best
plant location is in province.

As the researchers conclude the best plant location will be in the province and
to be specific it will be in Region IV-A. The specific location of the plant will be at
Calamba City, Laguna. The investors will buy a land that will suitable for the
company lay-out plan. The primary reason why the researchers chose this location
is that it is in the coverage of provincial area, which aligned at the categories above,
next, the location is near the SLEX so the dispersion of the product and also the
inbound of raw materials will be easy and less hassle, next is the security, the
location of the land has a compound and near the police outpost, lastly the location
of the land is near the investors, and owners location.
Plant Structure
The building is a typical type of manufacturing company with three gates that
accommodate all pass in any kind. The logistics gate is designed to properly
address all receiving and outgoing of materials with convenience on its loading and
unloading. The main gate is also designed for the wheeled employees or visitors,
while the door gate beside the guard house accommodates all walk-in individuals to
prevent them from danger by the moving vehicles. The plant also has a utilized
parking lot to properly make a way for usual transportations.
Figure 9. Plant Structure
Figure 9 show the image of the plant that will be erected by the researchers,
this was all created by the researchers themselves and estimated to have an
approximate size of 1,600 square meters, including the garage and the parking lot.
Plant Layout
The plant layout is a typical design of a manufacturing company. All offices
are divided with a minimal distance for communicational purposes. It is divided with
three parts namely; Administrative, Material planning and control and the production
area.
G. House
Parking Area
Figure 10. Plant Layout (1st Floor)

Figure 11. Plant Layout (2nd Floor)
The figures 10 and 11 shows the details of every room and office of the plant.
1. Guard House (G. House)
Placed between the gates of the plant to conveniently monitor all passes from
in and out. Having two windows toward each gate and a single cubicle comfort room
inside.
2. Receiving area
The receiving area has a wide gate to accommodate delivery vehicles
containing different products and raw materials. It also serves as the final checking
area for products to be shipped and transport to the market.
3. Warehouse
The warehouse is divided with two parts; one is for the storage of materials
needed by the production that came from the receiving area, and the other is for the
finished goods that came from the assembly and subject for shipping.
4. Assembly
The Assembly is placed along the production area to make a convenient way
for transporting materials and products to be assemble. It is also designed to be
beside the warehouse to reduce transportation and motion in moving the finished
goods in its proper storage.

5. Office of the President
There is a mini conference room inside for formal meetings with the president.
There is also a mini lobby beside the table of the president for the visitors and
employees that may stay.
6. Canteen.
The canteen is placed beside the lobby and along the way to the production
area and the locker room so that the employees or visitors can access the canteen
without walking in the process areas of the plant.
7. Administrative Offices
The offices are placed beside each office to provide them easy access and
address one another immediately with their respective areas.
8. Locker Room
The room where the employees can keep their personal things and
belongings, and is divided into two, for the division of male and female locker.
9. Conference Room
The room where formal meetings are conducted. It is placed beside the lobby
and along with the administrative offices to easily locate by the visitors and for the
minimal access for the employees.

10. Maintenance Department
It is placed in the middle part of the production area to easily advise by the
workers if there is any technical problem in the production as well as the entire plant.
Fire and Emergency Exits
Figure 12. Emergency Exit Plan (1st Floor)

Figure 13. Emergency Exit Plan (2nd Floor)
Figure 12 and 13 shows the emergency exit plans of the company for both 1 st
and 2nd floor. There are also some designated fire extinguishers and telephones in
different departments and rooms of the company, also there are fire alarms installed
in order to give awareness and signals to the employees if there is an emergency.

Table ##.
Emergency Plan Legends

Legend Meaning
Fire Alarm
Telephone
Safety Route
Panel Board
Fire Hose
Fire Extinguisher
The table ## above shows the different legend for the company emergency
plan, there are four legends, the fire alarm which looks like bell ringing, fire
extinguisher with the logo of fire with an extinguisher, next is the telephones, and red
arrows and lines for the safety route if an emergency occur, the fire hose and the
panel board for electrical control.

Raw Materials
Kamias Fruit (Bilimbi) - Bilimbi or Kamias is quite native here not only here in the
Philippines but also on different countries near ours. It was closely related to
carambola fruit or star fruit but their appearance is different, even the procedure of
fruiting, taste, and uses.
The tree of this fruit is attractive and has a very long-life span. It can reach 16
to 33 ft (5-10cm) in height, has a short trunk that divided into number of short upright
branches. The leaves of the tree are very similar to otaheite gooseberry. The bilimbi
fruit is generally has sour taste and has too much acid when eaten raw. Sometimes
an accompaniment of fish and meat with the bilimbi fruit. [18]
It is native in Southeast Asia, it is cultivated in Philippines and Indonesia,
where they can find in semi-wild condition, which means in can be found anywhere,
it is a very common backyard plant in Sri Lanka, India and Myanmar, and is grown
widely in Malaysia, Thailand and in most other tropical countries. [19]
Sodium Bicarbonate – Baking soda was used as one of the ingredients of the
mouthwash as it serves as the sour taste remover. It is mixed to the kamias fruit
juice to remove its sour taste.

Also baking soda has its natural whitening properties, and it was often used in
commercial toothpaste. Its mild abrasive can help scrub the teeth to remove surface
stains.
Essential Oil – it is captured oil from plant, so basically it contains the plant’s flavor
or taste and also its aroma. Essential oil was commonly used in aromatherapy, it is
either inhaled or rubbed in the skin. [20]
Essential Oil (Peppermint) – it is from an aromatic herb in the mint family. It is a
hybrid plant which cross between the spearmint and water mint. Peppermint has a
distinct and sharp odor, as well as taste. Its taste can be familiarized with its cooling
and refreshing feeling after taste. It can be used as treatment and remedy in
different conditions as it relief itchiness, muscle pain and head aches, it can also use
as flavoring, specifically in mouthwash. [21]
Distilled Water – basically distilled water can be created through the process of
distillation. The process is which the water will be boiled out in order to remove its
contaminants and impurities. As the water boils it turns into steam and captured then
cooled, and it became the distilled water. However, the taste of the water might
change as it became flatter and less flavorful than the tap water. [22]
Comparative Analysis on Supplier

The researchers used Carter’s 10 Cs of supplier evaluation to assess who will
be the best choice of supplier for the different raw materials that need by, the
company to produce its product. The grading of the different suppliers is subjective
and it is based on the observation, background research, and feedback from other
customers from that specific suppliers. The grading legends are:
Table 3
Grading Legend for Supplier

Grade Interpretation
1 Worst
2 Bad
3 Fair
4 Good
5 Excellent
Table 3 shows the different legend for the supplier’s comparison, 1 for worst,
2 for bad, 3 for fair, 4 for good, and lastly 5 for excellent. The total grade for each
criterion will be sum up then divide by the total number of criteria, then it the grading
legend will interpret the overall result.
Table ##
Kamias Supplier Comparison

Kamias Supplier
Criteria KUMARE Inc. Arko Food Phils Inc.
Competency 2 3
Capacity 2 5
Commitment 4 2
Control 3 5
Cash 2 5
Cost 3 1
Consistency 3 4
Culture 2 5
Clean 5 3
Communication 4 5
Overall 3.0 3.8
Table 4 shows that KUMARE Inc. has a total score of 3.0 which is smaller to
Arko Food Phils Inc. which has a total score of 3.8. This means that Arko Food Phils
Inc. falls in the category of Good, causes the researchers to pick it as the main
supplier of kamias.
Table 5
Essential Oil Supplier

Mont-Alban
Criteria Islas Aromatics NAOE
Aroma
Competency 4 5 2
Capacity 5 3 3
Commitment 3 5 2
Control 4 5 5
Cash 5 5 4
Cost 3 5 4
Consistency 4 4 3
Culture 5 5 4
Clean 4 5 5
Communication 2 5 3
Overall 3.9 4.7 3.5
Essential Oil Supplier Comparison
Table 5 shows that Mont-Alban aroma has a total score of 3.9 which is
smaller to Islas Aromatics with a total score of 4.7 but has a larger score than NAOE
with a score 3.5. This means that Islas Aromatics falls in the category of Excellent,
causes the researchers to pick it as the main supplier of Essential Oil.
Table 6
Pet Bottles Supplier Comparison

Pet Bottle Supplier
Bestpak Packaging FILPET Inc.
Criteria
Solution Inc.
Competency 5 4
Capacity 5 4
Commitment 4 4
Control 5 5
Cash 5 5
Cost 5 3
Consistency 5 3
Culture 4 5
Clean 4 5
Communication 5 5
Overall 4.7 4.3
Table 6 shows that Bestpak Packaging Solution Inc. has a total score of 4.7
which is higher to FILPET Inc. which has a total score of 4.3. This means that
Bestpak Packaging Solution Inc. falls in the category of Excellent, causes the
researchers to pick it as the main supplier of Pet Bottles.
Table 7
Baking Soda Supplier Comparison

Sodium Bicarbonate Supplier
MOYAM MJ DRY GOODS GeneraicsKing Trading
Criteria
WHOLESALING Inc.
Competency 4 4
Capacity 5 4
Commitment 3 4
Control 4 5
Cash 5 5
Cost 3 5
Consistency 5 5
Culture 5 4
Clean 5 5
Communication 4 5
Overall 4.3 4.6
Table 7 shows that MOYAM MJ DRY GOODS WHOLESALING has a total
score of 4.3 which is smaller to Generaicking Trading Inc. which has a total score of
4.6. This means that Generaicking Trading Inc. falls in the category of Excellent,
causes the researchers to pick it as the main supplier of Sodium Bicarbonate.
Summary of Supplier
Table 8
Summary of Raw Materials Suppliers

Supplier Type Supplier Name Location Description
Kamias Arko Foods Phils, Inc. 108 Decena St, One of the biggest
Valenzuela, Metro companies in the
Manila Philippines
concentrated in the
manufacture of
certified "all-time-
favorite" food products
and exported to major
cities around the
world.
Offer excellent
2/F Linear Building,
quality products
142 Katipunan
Essential Oil sourced locally and
ISLAS Aromatics Avenue, St. Ignatius,
Suppliers abroad for 10 years,
Quezon City, 1110
sold in retail & bulk
Metro Manila
volumes.
Starting as a one-
product company in
1959, Bestpak has
Lot 2, #9 P. Florentino
evolved into a multi-
Bestpak Packaging Street corner Araneta
PET Bottles product and multi-
Solution Inc. Avenue,
service packaging
Quezon City,
business with
Philippines 1104
manufacturing facilities
in three Philippine
locations.
Genericsking Trading
Inc is a SEC & BFAD
registered business
entity and is a
930-G Del Monte Ave, distributor / wholesaler
GeneraicsKing
Sodium Bicarbonate San Francisco del of branded generics &
Trading Inc.
Monte, Quezon City, branded innovator
1100 Metro Manila medicines, ampoules
and vials, medical
supplies and other
pharmaceutical
products.
Table 8 shows the summary of all the raw materials suppliers, from the
kamias fruit, essential oils, pet bottles, and sodium bicarbonate. Included in this table
are the names of the supplier, their specific locations, and some description of the
suppliers based on their background and service in the industry.

Bill of Materials
Table 9
Kamias Mouthwash BOM

Kamias Mouthwash
Pric
Supplier Supplier
Lev No Item Material Quantit e
Item Material Supplier Unit
el . Code Name y (Php
Code Name
)
Arko
1000402 ₱8.0
1 1 1-10001 Kamias Foods Bilimbi 0.5 Kg
5-1 0
Phil. Inc
Islas
Peppermi 1000402 ₱0.2
1 2 23-225 Aromatic P. EOil 0.01 Ml
nt Oil 5-2 5
s
Bestpak
B. Packagin 1000402 ₱3.0
1 3 BP301 Bot.70 1 Pcs
Bottle70 g 5-3 0
Solution
Generics
442019B Baking King 1000402 Sod.Bicar gram ₱0.4
1 4 1.5
S3 Soda Trading 5-4 b. s 5
Inc
Table 9 show the BOM or the bill of materials of the kamias mouthwash, it
wash base on 70 ml mouthwash. The table is divided into eight parts which are the
no. it indicates the materials chronological order, second is the supplier item code,
for faster ordering the supplier code is already given, next is the suppliers material
name, in order to easily describe the material to be order, fourth is the supplier
name, followed by company’s item code, to minimize the confusion and to
implement standardization, as well as the material name in the company, second to

the last is the quantity, followed by the prices of the materials per piece, grams, and
milliliter, and kilograms.
Machines, Equipment and Tools
To produce the product conveniently and speedily, the company will use the
following machineries, tools, and equipment. These machines and equipment will
serve as the initial investment and asset of the starting business.
Manufacturing Machines
This includes the machines that the researcher will use in transforming raw
material to produce the final product.
Comparative Analysis of Supplier of Fruit Juice Extractor

Zhengzhou
Kewei Jiangsu Kuwai
Macro
Competency 4 5 4
Capacity 5 4 5
Commitment 5 5 5
Control 4 5 4
Cash 5 5 5
Cost 3 5 4
Consistency 5 4 5
Culture 4 5 4
Clean 5 5 5
Communication 4 4 5
Overall 4.4 4.7 4.6
Table ## shows that Jiangsu Kuwai Machinery Co., Ltd has a total score of
4.7 which is g to greater than Kewei and Zhengzhou Macro which has a total score
of 4.4 and 4.6 respectively. This means that Jiangsu Kuwai Machinery Co., Ltd. falls
in the category of Excellent, causes the researchers to pick it as the main supplier of
Fruit Juice Extractor.
Table ##
Comparative Analysis of Supplier of FXDJ Double Planetary Mixer

Farfly Makwell SIEHE
Competency 5 4 5
Capacity 4 5 4
Commitment 5 5 5
Control 4 3 4
Cash 5 5 5
Cost 5 4 3
Consistency 5 5 4
Culture 4 5 4
Clean 5 5 5
Communication 4 4 4
Overall 4.6 4.5 4.3
Table ## shows ShangHai Farfly Energy Technology Co. Ltd. has a total
score of 4.6 which is greater than Makwell and SIEHE which has a total score of 4.5
and 4.3 respectively. This means that ShangHai Farfly Energy Technology Co. Ltd.
falls in the category of Excellent, causes the researchers to pick it as the main
supplier of FXDJ Double Planetary Mixer Machine.

Table ##
Comparative Analysis of Supplier of Vibrating Feeder

SBM SHIBO Zenith
Competency 5 5 5
Capacity 4 5 4
Commitment 4 4 5
Control 4 4 4
Cash 5 4 4
Cost 4 3 5
Consistency 5 5 5
Culture 5 5 5
Clean 4 5 4
Communication 4 4 5
Overall 4.4 4.4 4.6
Table ## shows Zenith Machinery has a total score of 4.6 which is greater
than SBM and SHIBO which has a total score of both 4.4. This means that Zenith
Machinery falls in the category of Excellent, causes the researchers to pick it as the
main supplier of Vibrating Feeder Machine.
Table ##
Comparative Analysis of Supplier of Filter Machine

SINA XIXI CHUNKE
Competency 4 5 4
Capacity 4 4 5
Commitment 5 5 5
Control 4 4 4
Cash 5 4 5
Cost 5 5 3
Consistency 5 5 4
Culture 5 3 4
Clean 5 5 5
Communication 5 4 5
Overall 4.7 4.4 4.4

Table ## shows SINA Machine Co.has a total score of 4.7 which is greater
than XIXI and CHUNKE which has both total score of 4.4. This means that SINA
Machinery Co. falls in the category of Excellent, causes the researchers to pick it as
the main supplier of Filter Machine.
Table ##
Comparative Analysis of Supplier of Bottle Filling Machine

Brightwin Paixin SHsina
Competency 4 4 5
Capacity 4 5 5
Commitment 5 5 5
Control 3 4 4
Cash 4 4 4
Cost 4 3 5
Consistency 4 5 4
Culture 4 4 5
Clean 4 4 4
Communication 5 5 4
Overall 4.2 4.3 4.5
Table ## shows SHsina Industry Mechanical Device Co., Ltd. has a total
score of 4.5 which is greater than Brightwin and Paixin which has a total score of 4.2
and 4.3 respectively. This means that SHsina Industry Mechanical Device Co., Ltd.
falls in the category of Excellent, causes the researchers to pick it as the main
supplier of Bottle Filling Machine.
Table 10
Description of Machineries
Machine Dimensions (in Supplier Price
Purpose Capacity
Name mm) (Php)
This machine is Jiangsu
Fruit juice ₱360,000 -
use to extract Kuwai
extractor 1500Kg/hour 1560*450*1340 ₱1,500,00
the juices of Machinery
machine 0
kamias fruit. Co. Ltd.
This machine is ShangHai
FXDJ
use to mix the Farfly ₱255,00
Double
ingredients to 2L φ180×120/150 Energy
planetary
make the final Technolog 0
mixer
product y Co. Ltd.
This is use to
Vibrating Zenith ₱255,000 -
dry the washed 5~120m³/h 1000*500*5000
feeder Machinery ₱360,000
kamias fruit
This machine is
use to separate
solid foreign
Filter SINA
material from 180L/min. 396*295*735 ₱155,000
Machine Machine Co.
the mixture to
avoid
complications
Bottle Filling This machine 1300-1500 1840*1400*2500 SHsina ₱325,000 -
Machine fills the bottles Bottles/hour Industry ₱360,000
with the Mechanical
basis on100ml
mouthwash Device Co.,
bottle
mixture Ltd
Table 10 shows the description of each materials that will be used by the
company in order to produce the mouthwash, it is divided in different categories,
machine name, use, capacity, and dimension. These machines are, fruit juice
extractor machine, it is use to extract the juices of kamias fruit, its capacity is
1500Kg/hour and has a dimension of 1560*450*1340. The next machine is FXDJ
Double planetary mixer, it is use to mix the ingredients to make the final product, the
dimensions are φ180×120/150 and has a capacity of 2L. The next machine is
Vibrating feeder, this is use to dry the washed kamias fruit, the capacity of this
machine is 5~120m³/h and the dimension for this is 1000*500*5000. The second to
the last machine is Filter Machine, this machine is use to separate solid foreign
material from the mixture to avoid complications, it capacity is 180 L/min, and its
dimension is 396*295*735. And the last machine is Bottle Filling Machine, this
machine fills the bottles with the mouthwash mixture, the capacity for this machine is
1300-1500 Bottles/hour basis on100ml bottle, and the dimensions will be
1840*1400*2500.
Tools and Equipment
Table ##
Comparative Analysis of Supplier of Electric Stacker Truck

Jin Yang Hu Z.K.A.D.
Competency 5 Competency 5
Capacity 4 Capacity 2
Commitment 5 Commitment 4
Control 3 Control 4
Cash 4 Cash 2
Cost 4 Cost 2
Consistency 5 Consistency 5
Culture 4 Culture 4
Clean 5 Clean 5
Communication 5 Communication 3
Overall 4.4 Overall 3.6
Base on figure ##, it shows that the supplier Jin Yang Hu is the best supplier
for the electric stacker truck. The table results to 4.4 which means excellent on the
interpretation of grades above, while Z.K.A.D only has a score of 3.6 which means
good. So basically the 1 st supplier will be the great choice for the company in terms
of getting the Electric Stacker Truck.
Table ##
Comparative Analysis of Supplier of Hand Pallet Jacklift
Kaixun Shenzhen Shelf Indsutry

Competency 3 Competency 3
Capacity 4 Capacity 5
Commitment 2 Commitment 3
Control 5 Control 5
Cash 4 Cash 5
Cost 4 Cost 5
Consistency 3 Consistency 4
Culture 5 Culture 5
Clean 5 Clean 5
Communication 2 Communication 3
Overall 3.7 Overall 4.3
Base on figure ##, it shows that the supplier Shenzhen Shelf Indsutry is the
best supplier for the Hand Pallet Jacklift. The table results to 4.3 which means
excellent on the interpretation of grades above, while Kaixun only has a score of 3.7
which means good. So basically the 1st supplier will be the great choice for the
company in terms of getting the Hand Pallet Jacklift.
Table 11
Description of Tools and Equipment

Name Use Capacity Supplier Price (Php)
This is use to
easily move 1-3 thousand Jin Yang
Electric Stacker Truck 27,500
vertically the kg Hu
materials
This is use to
easily move Shenzhen
Hand Pallet Jacklift materials from 5000Kg Shelf 5,000
one point to Industry
another
Table 11 shows the description of tools and equipment that used in the
company, this will be Electric Stacker Truck, to easily move vertically the materials,
its lifting capacity is 1500kg, and Hand Pallet Jack lift, used to move materials easily
from one point to another, the lifting capacity is 5000 kg.
Value Stream Map

Figure 15. Swimlane of Manufacturing Process of Mouthwash
As shown in figure 15 the process starts with the inspector who inspects the
kamias either if it is god or no good. When the kamias is n good then it will be put to
a sack that is for disposal, and if it’s good then it will go to the sack that is good to
use. Then the operator of the vibrating feeder will get the sack of kamias to put it on
the vibrating feeder then it will operate for a specific time that will be discussed in the
gantt chart or the washing and drying process. In this span of time the operator of
other machine can start their preparations like getting the materials they needed
and/or turning their machine on. After the washing and drying of the kamias it will go
to the extracting machine and it will start the operation if the operator turned on the
machine then it will get straight to the filtration process to remove the solid material
like the residue of the kamias. Then It will go to the mixing machine and will start the
process after the operator of the machine poured the baking sodaand turned on the
machine After this it will go to the second mixing machine that will mix the essential
oils to the kamias with baking soda. Then lastly it will go the bottling machine that
will produced the final product of mouthwash that will be packed by the last operator
to be ready for shipping and storing.

General Process Map
Figure 16. General Manufacturing Process of Mouthwash
Figure 15 shows the general process on creating the mouthwash with kamias
extract as the essential component. The first process is the preparation of the
kamias by peaking the younger ones, because the younger kamias has more anti-
bacterial properties rather than the older and ripe kamias. The second is the process
of extracting the juices in the kamias to make it the essential component in making
the mouthwash. Next is the process filtering the kamias extract to remove the
kamias residue then, is the process of mixing the ingredients like peppermint oil,
salt, kamias extract and, distilled water. Last is the process of mixing of all the
ingredients that will create the mouthwash.
Process Description
Incoming Inspection. The process starts from the Inspection of incoming kamias
from the receiving area. Good kamias are chosen to be run on to the production and
will be prepared for washing. The kamias was expected to be in a dry and clean
sack bag, and must assured that there is no foreign materials inside the sack.
Kamias Fruit Preparation. The next process will be the preparation of the kamias
fruit that was transferred from the warehouse into the production area. The kamias
are in the sack that is expected to have an approximately 50 kilograms per sacks,
the movement of the sacks from the preparation area which is the warehouse to the
manufacturing area will be aided with the help of hand pallet jacklift to easily transfer
heavy sacks easily.
Kamias Fruit Washing. After the preparation, the kamias fruit will proceed to the
washing process where it will be loaded into the industrial washing machine in order
to ensure that the kamias fruit are clean and safe from foreign chemicals and
contaminants. The length of the washing part will be 2 meters. The kamias will be
put into the vibrating machine which has an pressurized hose installed in it to pump
water tap water to the kamias, the pressure will help remove excess and foreign
material that is sticking in the kamias juice, while the vibrating machine is moving the
kamias to the next process.

Kamias Fruit Drying. Once the kamias fruit has been washed the vibrating machine
that acts as the conveyor will help the kamias to dry. Due to vibration the excess
water will be remove. The conveyor was designed to vibrate will moving, and has a
screen type surface in order to let the water falls off the kamias fruit while it was
transferred to the next process. Using this method will be more efficient rather than
drying the kamias fruit using heat that might affect the quality of the kamias fruit. The
drying process will be 3 meters long right after the washing stage.
Kamias Juice Extraction. The conveyor that comes from the washing area will
proceed to the juice extraction area, where the kamias fruit will be put into an
industrial juicer machine, this will press and gather all the juices from the kamias fruit
and leaving the fruit residue behind. The total capacity of the fruit extraction machine
is approximately 545 kilograms per hour. The weight of kamias per sacks is 50
kilograms, all in all the machine needs to finish 1,810 kilograms of kamias per day
and expected to finish the extraction in 3 hours and 20 minutes without delays.
Adding Sodium Bicarbonate and Water. The extracted juice from the kamias will
now go to the mixing process, where sodium bicarbonate and water will be mix with
the kamias juice, adding more effect in the substance. The ratio of mixing of sodium
bicarbonate is 2%, while the water is 45% of the total amount of the capacity of the
machine. The addition of sodium bicarbonate will remove the sourness of kamias, as
well as the water to neutralize its taste.
Mixing. It will transfer into the next machine, which will be mixing the sodium
bicarbonate, water, and kamias juice. The total capacity of the mixing machine is 10
liters that will be mixing all the components in a total of 4 minutes and expected to
finish the mixing process in 2 hours and 30 minutes, without interruption and
allowance.
Filtration. The next process will be filtration, due to some foreign materials that
might be found in the mixture of sodium bicarbonate, water, and kamias juice, the
mixture needs to be filtrate to ensure the cleanliness of the product. The filtration
machine has a total capacity of 2.5 liters per minute and has a lifespan of 8000 liters,
after this the filter needs to change.
Adding Essential Oils. Once the mixture was filtered, that essential oils which are
peppermint oil and wintergreen oil or methyl salicylate will be mixed next. This
process was done after filtration in order for the essential oil to be efficiently used,
and because the essential oil was already in liquid form, and already comes from the
supplier in package, it can be assured that there are no solid materials in the
essential oil. The ratio of mixing of essential oils are 0.94% for the peppermint oil
and 0.06% for the wintergreen oil, it will be based or multiplied on the amount of the
container on the mixing process.
Mixing. After the adding of essential oil, the next process will be mixing. In order to
properly combined the mixture. The same specification of the mixing machine on the
earlier part. In this process, the two essential oils will be mixed together with the
water, sodium bicarbonate, and kamias, to produce the kamias mouthwash.
Packing of the Product. The last step will be the packing procedure where the
mixture will be put into PET bottles based on the specific amount of volume per
products, and will be transferred to warehouse. This part is automated when it
comes from the transferring of mixture to the bottles, but became manual in the
packing of the bottles after the transferring of mixture.
Man-Machine Chart
This type of chart is used to understand the flow of the work in a cyclic
process, in order to understand the resource controlling and the overall process of
the work. With the help of the man-machine chart the company will be able to know
the efficiency of the production line, given that its main component are the
manpower and the machine. This can also help in optimizing the work distribution
between the workers and the machines.

Man-Machine Chart of Washing Process
Table 12
Washing Process
Machine (Time in
Man (Time in Seconds) Process
Seconds)
Get Kamias fruit from
2.80 Idle
warehouse
2.86 Go to Washing station Idle
Put Kamias to vibrating
2.80 Idle
machine
Turn on the vibrating
0.63 Idle
machine
Idle Machine work 197.85
Total Cycle Time: 206.94
9.09 Total Working Time 197.85
197.85 Total Idle Time 9.09
4.39% Utilization 95.61 %
Table 12 shows the time for the man and machine to finish their task in the
process of washing the kamias fruits. In this process it includes getting the kamias
from the warehouse, putting the kamias to the vibrating machine, going to the
washing station to turn on the machine and lastly the machine work. The total cycle
time for the washing process is 260.03 seconds, the time for the operator is 62.18
seconds while for the machine, and it has 197.85 seconds. In this process the
operator has an idle time of 197.85 seconds while the machine has an idle time of
64.62 seconds. As shown in the table the utilization of the operator is 23.91% and
for the machine, it has a 76.09%.
Man-Machine Chart Extraction Process
Table 13
Extraction Process
Man (Time in seconds) Process Machine (Time in seconds)
0.63 Turn on machine Idle
Idle Machine work 120

0.63 Total Working Time 120
120 Total Idle Time 0.63
0.005% Utilization 99.48%
process of extracting the juice from the kamias fruits. In this process it includes
going to the fruit extraction station to turn on the machine then let the machine to
extract the juices out from the kamias and for the operator to remove the residue of
the kamias fruit. The total cycle time for the extracting process is 22.11 seconds, the
time for the operator is 11.69 seconds while for the machine, and it has 10.42
seconds. In this process the operator has an idle time of 10.42 seconds while the
machine has an idle time of 11.69 seconds. As shown in the table the utilization of
the operator is 52.87% and for the machine, it has a 47.14%.
Man-Machine Chart of Mixing Process
Table 14
Mixing Process
Get materials from
2.3 Idle
warehouse
265 Go to Mixing station Idle
Feed materials into mixing
0.7 Idle
machine
0.63 Turn on machine Idle
Idle Machine Work 240

268.63 Total Working Time 240
240 Total Idle Time 268.63
process of mixing the kamias juice to the other ingredients. In this process it includes
getting the materials from the warehouse, going to the mixing station to feed the
materials into the mixing machine, turning the machine on and then machine work.
The total cycle time for the mixing process is 313.03 seconds, the time for the
operator is 73.03 seconds while for the machine, and it has 240 seconds. In this
process the operator has an idle time of 240 seconds while the machine has an idle
time of 73.03 seconds. As shown in the table the utilization of the operator is 23.33%
and for the machine, it has a 76.67%.
Man-Machine Chart of Filtration Process
Table 15
Filtration Process
0.63 Turn on Machine Idle
Idle Machine Work 1.77

0.63 Total Working Time 1.77
1.77 Total Idle Time 0.63
process of filtering the liquid to remove solid foreign materials. In this process it
includes going to the filtration station to turn on the machine then letting the machine
to work. The total cycle time for the filtration process is 71.56 seconds, the time for
the operator is 11.56 seconds while for the machine, and it has 60 seconds. In this
process the operator has an idle time of 60 seconds while the machine has an idle
time of 11.56 seconds. As shown in the table the utilization of the operator is 16.15%
and for the machine, it has an 83.85%.
Man-Machine Chart of Bottling Process
Table 16
Bottling Process
0.63 Start the Machine Idle
Idle Machine Work (Per Bottle) 3.50

0.63 Total Working Time 3.50 (Per Bottle)
3.50 (Continuous after Total Idle Time 0.63
starting the machine)
Table 16 show the man-machine chart bottling process chart, which is divided
into 3 parts, man, process, and machine. The process is going to the bottling station
from the locker room will took 9.40 seconds for the person, next is the starting of the
machine that will took 2.13 seconds for the person, and last is the machine work,
which will took the machine 3.50 seconds per bottle, note that once the machine is
already start it will work continuously until the time that the quota is already been
achieved, and the person who started the machine will do other work after the
process.
Figure ##. Process Gantt Chart
As shown on figure ##, the first process in the gantt chart is the washing and drying
process which will take more than 2 hours of the process because of its capacity of
50 Kg. The machine needs to finish approximately 1810 Kg of kamias a day so it

takes more than 2 hours to finish. The next process is the extraction process. The
extraction process will start when the washing and drying process finishes the 454
Kg. of kamias, it takes more or less 4 hours because of its capacity which is 454Kg
per hour, and then it will go to the extraction process which does not consider the
capacity of 2 L per minutes because of the first process is slower. The filtration
process will start away when there is a small quantity of kamias juice. The extraction
process is slower so the filtration process will end when the extraction process ends
but it will take some couple of minutes to finish the last batch. After this, it will go to
the mixing machine but it will take 25 minutes for the filtration machine to finish the
first batch of the kamias juice. In this span the operator will get some baking to mix it
with kamias. This process will continue for 6 hours then will proceed to the filtration
process to remove solid material which will take also 6 hours to finish because it
need to wait for the first process to finish, but it will start right after the mixing
machine finishes the first batch of kamias juice with baking soda. After the filtration it
will go to the mixing machine but like the first mixing process it will not start unless
the kamias juice with baking soda reaches 20 L which will take 25 minutes to finish.
In this span of 25 minutes, the operator in this machine has to get and put essential
ingredients to the mixing machine to mix with the kamias juice with baking to
become the mouthwash. It will also take 6 hours to finish like the filtration process.
Then it will proceed to the bottling process right after the first batch of mouthwash in
the mixing process. In this process, it includes the the bottling and packaging of the
final product.
Expected Output per Day
The Expected output per day is derived from the possible total market share
of the company in the Philippines with leading competitors in the market. Using
Linear trend forecasting for the year 2020, the market size of mouthwash in the
Philippines will be P4 058 200 520. [20] See appendix

Volume Share
15
5 Listerine
38 Astring-O-Sol
Colgate Plax
9 Swish
Oracare
Others
16
18
Figure 16. Volume Share
Figure 16 shows the market share of the Others or generic brands of
mouthwash is P608 730 078 or 15% of the total market size of mouthwash in the
country, which the researchers planned to take the 20% of it in confidence level to
be their target market share and is equal to P121 746 015. [20]
The average price of 100ml bottled mouthwash is P127.00, [19] so the
researchers found out that the company should produce 385 liters per day in 250
working days a year.
121 746 015

∗1
127
=385 liters per day
2500
Standard Output per Day
Average grams of kamias per piece: 15 grams
Kamias juice per piece: 1.6 milliliter
Kamias needed per day: 193 liters
Total Working Time: 8 hours
Standard output of bottle per hour: 482 bottles
Total working hours per day: 8 hours
482 × 8=3 856 bottles per day

Design of Experiment
Table 17
Experiment Ratios
Materials/Trials Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Kamias Juice 50.00% 47.5% 35.71%
Sodium Bicarbonate 2% 2% 2%
Essential Oil 0.94% 0.94% 0.94%
Distilled Water 45% 47.5% 50%
Methyl Salicilate 0.06% 0.06% 0.06%
Table 17 shows the different composition of the company’s product which is
the kamias mouthwash, also the different ratios for the composition are presented
also in the table above, and there are three different trials with different composition
of the kamias mouthwash components.
Trial 1
Trial 1 is the main mixture of the kamias mouthwash and the primary
component of the product, presented below are the reason for each and every
components ratio.
Kamias Juice. Has the most amount in trial 1 as it is the primary ingredient for the
mouthwash and it compensate the different uses and effect in teeth base on the
comparison of typical mouthwash ingredients.

Sodium Bicarbonate. The researchers fixed the amount into constant level as it
has side effect in teeth if it used too much base on the safest level of usage for the
teeth. Used as the neutralizer in kamias juice to remove the sourness taste.
Essential Oil. This component is also put in a constant level as it has an extreme
minty effect if used too much, as result it will deliver a strong sting effect in mouth
due to mint flavor.
Methyl Salicylate. Another component for the mouthwash fixed at 0.06% due to its
side effect, but essential in every mouthwash base on its benefits.
Distilled Water. Act as the equalizer and stabilizer of the mixture and the product.
Trial 2
In trial two the amount of kamias juice is reduced and equally base in the
amount of the distilled water to check if there will be a difference on the effect of the
mouthwash if the kamias juice and the stabilizer are in equal amount. All other
components are maintaining to their fixed amount as it is constant due to its effects.
Trial 3
In the last trial the amount of kamias juice is reduced to the lowest percent
while increasing the amount of the stabilizer, also the researcher did this to check if
there will be a difference on the effect of the kamias mouthwash. All other
components are maintaining to their fixed amount as it is constant due to its effects.
Product Comparison
In this part, the researchers will show the comparison of the kamais
mouthwash between other brands and manufacturers of mouthwash. Also the
comparison of component in mouthwash versus the kamais mouthwash will show in
this part.
Table 18
Product Comparison
Typical Mouthwash Composition Kamias Mouthwash Composition
Component Uses Component Uses
Eucalyptol Anti-bacterial Kamias Fruit Juice Anti-bacterial, Anti-
Alcohol Anti-Microbial Fungal, Anti-
Mixes the water Microbial, Allows
Poloxamer 407 the oil and water to
and oil
Sodium Saccharin Sweetener mix
Benzoic Acid Anti-Microbial
Sorbitol Sweetener
Thymol Anti-bacterial and
anti-fungal
Green 3 Coloring agent Removes sour
Sodium
taste and moist the
Sodium Benzoate Preservative Bicarbonate
mouth.
Relaxes the Relaxes the
Wintergreen oil Wintergreen Oil
muscle and cool muscle and cool
(Methyl Salicylate) (Methyl Salicylate)
after taste after taste.
Equalizer and Equalizer and
Water Water
Stabilizer Stabilizer
Menthol Menthol
Flavoring Flavoring
(Peppermint Oil) (Peppermint Oil)
In table 18, it shows the difference between the typical mouthwash and the
kamias mouthwash. In the typical mouthwash it contains thymol, sorbitol, benzoic
acid, sodium saccharin, poloxamer 407, alcohol and eucalyptol which serves as the
anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, sweetener and allows the mixture of water
and oil, while in the kamias mouthwash it only needs kamias to substitute this uses.
The uses in the typical mouthwash has many uses that repeats, this happens
because of the danger when the dose reached a high level, some can cause cancer
and other can lead to death. Green 3 and sodium benzoate is the only component
that the other mouthwash has, it serves as coloring agent and as a preservative
respectively. But the kamias mouthwash has sodium bicarbonate which removes the
sour taste of the kamias and can help to moist the mouth of the user. The last three
(3) ingredients are the same for the typical and kamias mouthwash. These 3
ingredients are wintergreen oil, water and menthol or peppermint oil. The uses of
this ingredients are, to relax the muscles and to have cool after taste, serves as
stabilizer and equalizer and, to add some flavor to the mouthwash.
Safety Engineering
Safety is always a priority for every company. There is no employee that
wants to work in an unsafe environment. Overall Health and safety is the major
factor to promote wellness for every individual inside the organization. It is a moral
responsibility for any company to maintain a safe workplace, which is why Teethos is
committed to look after the employees’ protection.
Personal Protective Equipment
To maintain a safe and a healthy workplace, Teethos requires the operators
and workers to always wear the needed Personal Protective Equipment to protect
them from possible hazards.
Hard hat - Serves as protection when working in areas where there is a potential for
injury to the head from falling objects.
Hair net – It is worn to avoid falling hair towards the product.
Face mask – It is used to protect the nose and mouth area against dust and
suspended particles.
Safety Goggles – An eye protection used when applying or handling peppermint oil.
Gown – Used to protect the worker from Physical contact to any harmful molecule.
This also serves as prevention from contamination of the product.
Safety Shoes – A type of foot protective equipment used to prevent feet from being
from being damaged by falls and other accident.
Shoe Cover – A reusable or disposable cover for shoes, is used to prevent dirt from
entering the production area. This will be used by the visitors entering the production
area.
Fabric Gloves – A hand durable cover used to protect hands from dirt or any
unnecessary objects.
Machine Safety
The machines found in the production area the Fruit juice extractor, Industrial
powder mixer, vibrating feeder, Filter and Bottle filler which are placed sequentially
by the process flow.
The workers need to avoid leaning from the fruit juice extractor because of its
sharp edges that could cause a possible injury. They also need to keep distance
from the operating vibrating feeder and the bottle filling machine to avoid getting
stuck onto it.
Signals, signs and visual displays shall be found within the production area.
This could be a huge reminder for every individual to keep them aware for any
possible hazards around.
Machine Safety Guidelines while working with machines
a. Know the location of emergency stop switch
b. Restrain and cover long hair
c. Do not wear jewelries that can caught on the operating machines
d. Stop the machine before measuring, cleaning or making any adjustments
e. Keep hands away from contact on moving parts

Chapter 3
Socio-Economic and Environmental aspect
This chapter includes Socio-economic and Environmental benefits and
impacts of the study. The study aims to help the localities and kamias farmers
in the community and to give healthy oral conditions to the people. This
chapter also includes the realization of worth from innovating and starting a
business that would greatly contribute to the socio-economic and
environmental development of the country.
Socio-Economic aspects
Contribution to dental health Economy
In maintaining confident days, people nowadays most considered their dental
condition [2]. Teethos can contribute to the entire health economy of the Philippines
to provide the community with affordable dental health protection and boost their
confidence in having a fresher breath and healthy mouth in every use of the product.
Support to Kamias Industry.
This will be a big leap for kamias industry. Kamias is usually used as an
ingredient for different dishes here in the Philippines, it also consumes as raw fruit
but not like other fruit with higher demand because of regular consumption of
consumers. Kamias tree can bear fruit for almost whole of the year [11], Teethos
needs 385 liters of Kamias every day, so many farmers of different fruit in the
Philippines will be encouraged to invest a Kamias plantation to meet the demand
from utilizing a Kamias to an effective mouthwash.
Scholarship for sons and daughters of Kamias farmers.
The researchers understand the importance of education for the youth, They
are also fortunate to be beneficiaries of free education by the provision of the local
government and national institution. Out of generous heart, Teethos will provide
scholarships for the legitimate sons and daughters of Kamias farmers. They will be
providing financially for the fees and needs of students from senior high school to
college.
Employment and Income. The business itself could help the families by giving
justified compensation and favorable benefits that can help them to improve
their standard of living.
Government. The business will be faithful to fulfill its public obligations by
paying taxes accurately. Also the business can be a provider of simple needs of
the people in times of calamities.
- Employment - Government
- Income - Taxes
Business - Improve - Community
standard of living development
Figure 17. Socio-economic Diagram
Figure 17 shows the socio-economic diagram of the company, which will be
the main part is to develop the business, then will lead to employment which will
generate income not only for the company but for the employees also, and will
improve the standard of living in the latter part. The next part will be the government,
as the company grew and developed it will generate taxes that will help the
community develop, and give additional rating and satisfaction for the community
members where the company involve.
Environmental Aspect
All ingredients that will be used from manufacturing mouthwash are all
organic and biodegradable. Kamias as the essential ingredient of the product is also
from the natural resources.
There will be proper disposal of all environmental wastes of the company.
Every waste will be carefully classified and transferred guided by the law. Majority of
the wastes are biodegradable specially kamias residues that has a decomposition
rate of two to five weeks that won’t add much for the problem of waste management.
The study is also supporting related researches about maximizing the use of natural
resources namely kamias, peppermint and salt.

References
[1] D. R. F. Perral, "The Effect of Averrhoa Bilimbi, "Iba" on the Tooth Shade of
Maxillary Anterior Teeth on Selected Dental Students of Cebu Doctors'
University Academic Year 2010-2011.," 29 October 2012. [Online]. Available:
http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?
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[2] A. M. Alhassan, "Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.: A review of its ethnomedicinal uses,
phytochemistry, and pharmacology," 8 December 2016. [Online]. Available:
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2019].
[3] Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). ” Oral
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education/topics/systemic/why-a-healthy-mouth-is-good-for-your-body
[Accessed July 16, 2019]
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https://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/az-topics/o/oral-health. [Accessed
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[6] Panlasang Pinoy. “Benefits of Kamias in your Health”. N.d. [Online Article].
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[Accesed October 8, 2019].
[7] A. M. Alhassan. "Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.: A review of its ethnomedicinal uses,
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[8] D. R. F. Perral. "The Effect of Averrhoa Bilimbi, "Iba" on the Tooth Shade of
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http://www.herdin.ph/index.php/component/herdin/?
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[9] E. Pinoys, "Growing Kamias and Its Many Uses," 30 June 2015. [Online].
Available: https://ep.franphil.com/growing-kamias-and-its-many-uses/.
[Accessed 21 July 2019].
[10] C.M. Abraham. “Antibacterial effects of Averrhoa Bilimbi L. Fruit Extracts”.
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IRJBS-2016-103.pdf. [Accessed July 16, 2019]
[11] G. U. S. Jr., "Philippine Medicinal Plants: Kamias," February 2019. [Online].
Available: http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kamias. [Accessed 21 August 2019].
[12] "10 Surprising Facts about Benefits of Kamias for Human Health," The-
Benefit, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://the-benefits.com/kamias/. [Accessed
21 July 2019].
[13] S. I. Mokthar & N. A. A. Aziz. ‘Antimicrobial Properties of Averrhoa bilimbi
Extracts at Different Maturity Stages”. 2016. [Online]. Available:
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/antimicrobial-properties-of-
averrhoa-bilimbi-extracts-at-differentmaturity-stages-2161-0703-
1000233.php?aid=75436. [Accessed July 19, 2019]

[14] J.M. Dumanauw and V. R. Fione. “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BILIMBI
EXTRACT AS DENTAL ANTIBACTERIAL MOUTHWASH”. n.d. Available:
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[15] C. Fuziah, "Colour Change of Enamel after Application of Averrhoa bilimbi," 1
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[Accessed 21 July 2019].
[16] Patricia, "Effectiveness of Kamias as an Alternative Stain Remover," 22 June
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[17] G. Landry, "7 Benefits of Bilimbi Fruit (Kamias) on Your Health," 9 August
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[18] Julia F. Morton. “Fruits of warm climates”. Morton, J. 1987 Bilimbi. p. 128–
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[19] Marianne Jennifer Datiles. “Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi)”. 2015. [Online].
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4, 2019]

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Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

Laguna, Philippines 4025

Kamias Fruit Juice as an Essential Ingredient for Mouthwash

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Arevalo, David Kyle U.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING iii

Table No. Title Page

Figure No. Title PageY

Y1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

The Problem and its Background

Kamias holds great value in the complementary and alternative medicine as

evidenced by the substantial amount of research. Therefore, the researchers aimed

to compile an up-to-date and comprehensive review of Kamias that covers its

economically and medicinally important, but they remain underutilized.

speed that tartar (hardened plaque) forms on the teeth

extract’s potential to use as an ingredient to improve the effectivity and capability of

famous DIY (Do-It-Yourself) idea of Kamias toothpaste especially in most household

proponents consider the potential of the Kamias to relieve toothache thus

considering to use it as an essential ingredient to make organic mouthwash.

Figure 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

incidence of halitosis, conservatively speaking, may be 75 percent or higher for the

1. How the study use kamias as an essential ingredient in mouthwash?

2. What are the processes involving in making kamias as an essential ingredient

4. Who will be the possible consumer of kamias mouthwash?

5. What marketing strategies are effective for using kamias as mouthwash?

objective of this study is to determine the productivity and marketability of kamias

identification of supply and demand of the product, pricing strategy, marketing

1. To determine the use of Kamias as an essential ingredient in mouthwash.

2. To identify the processes of making Kamias as an essential ingredient in

3. To determine the sustainability of the primary raw material.

4. To identify the possible consumer of the propose product.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

of making kamias as an Methods in the form of

consumer of the propose

strategies that are

effective for using

are, kamias as an essential ingredients in mouthwash, the processes of making

kamias as an essential ingredients in mouthwash, the sustainability of the primary

effective for using kamias as mouthwash. Located in the form of questionnaires,

surveys, direct observation, and gathering of secondary data, experimentations,

essential ingredients for mouthwash.

knowledge and improve their analyzing skills, observation, experimentation and

help of finding, understanding and analyzing the data.

they can have a durable, environmentally friendly, and cost effective

also use this study to add in their related literature.

and other ingredients with side effects.

Scope of the study

understanding of the properties of the kamias that makes it a suitable substance in

making it as a primary component for mouthwash.

Limitations of the Study

fighting bacteria and making the breath fresher.

Review of Related Literature

Oral Health Care

According to Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [3],

nutritional deficiencies or general infection. To clean be able to maintain a healthy

using mouthwash. [4]

There are two main types of mouthwash, cosmetic and therapeutic.

Therapeutic mouthwashes are available both over-the-counter and by prescription,

effectiveness of adding strength and density to teeth and bones. [6]

found in ancient Egyptian medical papyrus.

On a research that was conducted by the students of Cebu Doctors’

after the application of Kamias Fruit.

as a tonic after childbirth. Leaf decoction is taken to relieve rectal inflammation. A

are used for venereal disease etc.