** SURGE UNBALANCED FORCE

Surge pressure of 3.0 bars is assumed and applied

for this area/piping section.
The surge forces are calculated based on the following formula and
tabulated in the table below.

Fs = Ps x Ai x DLF
PS x π/4 (Pipe ID)² x DLF
Fs = Unbalanced load.
Ps is: Surge pressure.
DLF is: Dynamic load factor (= 2).
Ai is: Internal area of pipe.
3 INCH
PS = 0.299921 N/mm²
DLF = 2
Ai = 80.2 mm

1) Fs = 3031.449 N

2 INCH
PS = 0.299921 N/mm²
DLF = 2
Ai = 51.6 mm

2) Fs = 1254.876 N

1 INCH
PS = 0.299921 N/mm²
DLF = 2
Ai = 28.3 mm

3) Fs = 377.463 N