SCIENCE

Lesson 2-The Skeletal System

Std V
Note: The following answers have been already discussed and marked in the
textbook during the session. The answers for the questions that have been
marked in the text book need not be written. These have been sent for your
reference only.
QUESTION BANK:
Q1. Explain the term Skeleton system.
Ans- Marked on page 15
The skeletal system is a framework of bones that holds our body
together. It is also known as the skeleton.

Q2. What is a bone?

Ans- Marked on page 15
The bone is a hard-rigid structure that forms the skeletal system of our
body.

Q3. Explain the structure of the bone.

Ans- Marked on page 15
Bones are made of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Bones are
very hard from outside and soft and spongy inside. They contain nerves
blood vessels and a soft tissue called bone marrow.

Q4 What is the function of the bone marrow?

Ans- Marked on page 15
New blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
5a. Explain the structure of the Ribcage.
Ans- Marked on page 17
They are flat, thin and curved bones called ribs. These are 24 bones
arranged in 12 pairs to form a cage like structure known as ribcage. The
ribcage has another long bone called the sternum (or chest bone,
present at the center of the chest). The rib cage is attached to the
sternum in the front and to the backbone at the back. The last two pairs
of ribs are attached only to the backbone and not to the sternum and
are known as floating ribs.

5b. Give the function of the Ribcage.

Ans- Marked on page 17
The ribcage protects the heart and the lungs.

Q6. Explain the structure of the upper limb.

Ans- Marked on page 17
The bone in the upper arm is called humerus. There are two bones in
the lower arm called radius and ulna. The lower ends of radius and ulna
are connected to the wrist. The hand and wrist have several small
bones.

Q7. Explain the structure of the lower limb.

Ans- Marked on page 18
The bone in the upper leg is called femur or thigh bone. It is the longest
bone in the body. Tibia and fibula are the two bones in the lower leg.
The lower ends of these two bones are connected to the ankle joint. The
foot and ankle also have several small bones.

Q 8. What are ligaments and how do they help us?

Ans- Marked on page 19
The bones are held in position at the joints with the help of tissues
called ligaments. Ligaments are soft tissues that connect bone to bone.
They are elastic and strong.

Q9. What is cartilage? Where is it present?

Ans- Marked on page 19.
At the joint, the ends of the two bones are covered with a soft tissue
called cartilage. Cartilage is a firm, elastic, yellow or white coloured
tissue present around the joints.

Q10. How does the cartilage prevent the bones from getting damaged?
Ans- Marked on page 19
The cartilage acts like a cushion and avoids friction between the two
bones when they move. Thus, it prevents the bones from getting
damaged due to continuous motion.
Q11. Differentiate between movable and immovable joints.
Ans- Write the answer in the classwork.
Movable Joints Immovable Joints
Movement can occur in these Movement cannot occur in these
joints. joints.
It includes all joints and the It includes the bones of the skull
jawbone except the bones of the except the jawbone.
skull.
A synovial cavity is present. A synovial cavity is absent.

Q12. Explain the structure of the ball and socket joint?

Ans- Marked on page 20
In this type of joint, one bone has a ball-shaped end whereas the other
bone has a cup shaped socket. The ball-shaped end of one bone fits into
the cup-shaped socket of the other bone This joint is somewhat like the
joystick of a computer.
Q13. What kind of movements does the ball and socket joint allow?
Ans- Marked on page 20
The ball and socket joint allows maximum movement in all directions
forward and backward as well as side to side movement.

Q14. Explain the structure of the Pivot joint.

Ans- Marked on page 20 and 21.
In this joint one end of a bone is cylindrical and the end of another bone
is in the shape of a ring. The cylindrical bone fits into the ring in such a
way that one bone can rotate over the other.

Q15. Where are the gliding joints found in the human body?
Ans- Marked on page 21.
Our wrists and ankles have gliding joints. These joints are also present
between the vertebrae, that is, bones of the vertebral column.

Textbook Questions and Answers. (Discussed in the class and marked in

the textbook)
Q1. Name the major bones in the human body.
Ans- Marked on page 16
The human skeleton consists of skull, jawbone, backbone ribcage, limbs
(Forelimbs and hind limbs) and girdles.

Q2. What is a vertebral column?

Ans- Marked on page 17
The vertebrae are joined with one another to form a column. It is also
called spine or vertebral column.
Note: Question no.3 has been cancelled.

Q4a.What does the human skull consist of?

Ans- Marked on page 16
A hollow, bony structure present in our head is known as the skull. The
skull is made up of 22 bones. Out of these, 14 bones form the face and
the 8 remaining bones are present in the upper part of the head that
protects the brain. All the bones of the skull are fixed and cannot move,
except the lower jawbone.

Q4b.Which bone of the human skull is responsible for chewing food?

Ans- Marked on page 16
The lower Jawbone is responsible for chewing food.

Q5a. Differentiate between the Pectoral girdle and the Pelvic girdle.
(To be written in the classwork)
Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle
Structure The pectoral girdle consists The pelvic girdle consists of
of a pair of shoulder blades hip bones and a part of the
and collar bones. The backbone called sacrum.
humerus bone in the upper The femur bone in the lower
limb is attached to the limbs is attached to the pelvic
pectoral girdle. girdle.

Function It provides support and It provides support and

mobility to our arms. mobility to our legs.

Q5b. Differentiate between Pivot joint and Hinge joint.

(To be written in the classwork)
Hinge Joint Pivot Joint
Type of movement It allows movement It allows up and down
shown. only in one direction. movement and
They allow back and sideways movement.
forth movement only.

Q 5c. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles.

(To be written in the classwork)
Voluntary Muscles In Voluntary Muscles
The muscles that are under our The muscles that are not under
control are called voluntary our control are called involuntary
muscles. We can use them as per muscles. We cannot use them as
our will. per our will.
These muscles have stripes on These muscles do not have
them, they are also called striped stripes on them, they are also
or striated muscles. called as smooth muscles.

Q6. What are the functions of bones or the skeletal system in the
human body?
Ans- Marked on pages 18,19
Shape and Rigidity: The skeletal system provides support to our body
and gives it a shape.
Protection: It protects the vital internal organs of our body. For
example, brain is protected by the skull. Our heart and lungs are
protected by ribcage. The spinal cord is protected by the backbone.
Movement: It helps us in moving different parts of our body and in
moving from one place to another
Production: Blood cells are produced by the bone marrow present
inside the bones.

Q7. What is a joint?

Ans- Marked on page 19
A joint is a place where two bones are joined together.

Q8. How does the cartilage help in producing movement around the
joint?
Ans- Marked on page 19
Since cartilage can bend, it helps in producing movement around the
joint.

Q 9. How many types of movable joints are there in a human body?

What is the function of the jawbone?
Ans- Marked on page 16 and 20
There are four types of movable joints in the human body. The jawbone
allows us to talk and chew food.
Note: Question no.10 has been cancelled.
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