It ?I ?

I I I CA I O lH
'

OF

D Ei R I V A I I V E s i
-

. .
. .

Ei
U
-

t %
-
?
I
c
.

Ei s
 C. ?l Ii t.tl?oi..NT.s
.

We
say that n
-

-
c is a critical point of the function fln ) if flo) exists

true
and
if
either of the
following are .

' '
•
f (c) = O or
f( e ) ideas not enist .

For En
ample :

4, Determine all the critical points of the function

"'
bln) = n
( 2n t ) -

f( n ) = 2h43 -
n
43

"
gin Ints
'

f ( n ) = -

Now ,
at a = O ,
'
f Co ) is not defined and flog = o ,
ie
fl o) exists .

neo is a critical
point .

'
Put f Ln ) = 0
,

4S
1 On I
=

-3 32113

'
another critical
point f ft ) O
Is
is
-

n
-
- .
-
,

One more
example :

Q, The no -

of critical points of fla) = Ntl

m2 -
n
-

6
'
f ( n ) =
( n' -
n
-

6) ( 2n ) -
Htt ) @ n -
t )
-

(n 65
'
n
- -

'
m2 Mut t
f Ln ) = -

-
-

[ d- 3) ( n -12 ))

Now , at 3 and n 2
fl ( ) is not defined
-

=
n n
-
-

, .

But f (3) is not defined and fth is also not defined .

 Hence a =3 and a
= -
2 are NOT critical pints .

Put Hln ) = O .

(n't l Un -
l ) =
O

n = -

tu ± Eu
-

n = -

7- I 552 .

7- I 552 so -7 I 552 are the critical points

Now ffn ) emits for n =
-

, , .

5 A .
i. ON It R . .
?
I Oi .
NIS
.

Definition say that

is stationary point off 644=0
-

: we can n
-

-
c a

and flee) enistt .

vcsitical paid but vice versa is not true

Every stationary point is a
-

For eunamfde :
-

'

ones
n

function ffnj
-

Cf, Find the stationary points for the I

=

.es ? f- 2n )
' M
es
-

Solution f(
-

: n ) = 10 t 1
-
On

"
Oes (
-

' I 2n2 )
f ( )
= l -

'
Put f In ) =
O

'

[ e3 )
n
-

I -

2n
'
= O by > O

n =
II
ra

The function fla ) exists

everywhere ,
so the stationary pintles are :

a =

Ira
and a =

tf
-

Ab hum a
pre OP topic ki taraf badhtehai . . .
 FI IM . .

AND

MI i. NIMA .

marine mountains & ki

yaad hai Increasing decreasing me valleys

baat ki thi .

Mountain is known as local marina

local minima
Valley is known as .

Lets talk about local naniwa for a sec .

* If there is a curve ,
y
=
f (n ) ,
then n = c is a
point of local marina

if and only if ,

fcc -
h) c tlc ) >
f le th)
where h is ice
very small positive quantity .

' '

talk about the uranium value in

* If we c and its neighbourhood , of function
its neighborhood is at n = c .

Graphically ,

' :: ::::::m÷÷

It It.ci
. .
I VAN

PIC:c:# E: It .
AFI:
 Lets talk about local minima for a see .

* If there is a curve ,
y
=
f (n ) ,
then n = c is a
point of local minima

if and only if ,

blah ) > feel a

fcc th) -

where h is a-
very small positive quantity .

' '

* If we talk about c and its neighbourhood ,

the minimum value of function in

its neighborhood is at n = C .

Graphically ,

Ye banda choke right jaye

-

ya left Opar hi
.

uthega .

Ab agar function given her

graph nahi then kaiser nitrate
, ,
points of local naniwa

and local minima ?

Us se pehle baat kente hair hi manima minima nitrate hair

ye ,
, begun ,

REAL LIFE US E KYA HAI ?

Chalo NCERT ki hi berate detente Kai

,

Aisi hi fhot saari real

life problems A- OD ki madad se nitrate hair .
 Maine already increasing decreasing function me esa diagram banger thou .

A c → local minima ( ise hewn

'
relative minima bhi kehoe hair )
,

B D →
local marina ( is e relative mani ma ]
,

Relative isliye frehte hair kyunki ,

rt
local

local
minima
.

than
Clearly in this
diagram ,
the local minima is
greater
the mentioned local marina .

But the local mani ma is

relatively higher
in its own
neighborhood .

( values close to it ]

* How to find local marina and local minima .

*
Step : Find out all the orificial and stationary points .

Method L : Second idoivatuie test .

mmmm

Jf
"
f (c ) f ( C)
'
• = O and 70

then a =
c is a
point of local minima -
 ' "
•
Tf f (c) =
O and f (c) L O

then n=c is a
point of local marina .

"
f (c)
'
•
Tf f (c) = O and = 0

then second derivative test fails .

Lets take
-
an
example :

Solution
'
:
fln ) = 3 n' + Un -
I Zn't 12

' '

f (n ) =
12N t 12W - 24N

( 't n
2) 1.2 ( 1) Ln -12 )
f (
' n
12N = n
-
=
n
)
-

n = 0 ,
I ,
-2 are stationary spoilt .

Now lets do the second derivative test .

"
f ( )
'
n = 36 n +242 -

24

-4
"
f ( ) n
=
12 ( 3 n' + 2h -

2) .

Now, f ( O)
"
=
-

24 L O ie n
-

- O is a
foil of mani ma .

"
Ll ) I is
f = 36 > O ie n = a
point of minima .

is point of minima
"
2
f fz ) ie ne
72 o a
-

= >

* test
Method -
2 : First derivative .

mum

Find
Steph : critical points .

f' ( every stationary pain if

Find and check at it is
Steph : n ) changing
not
signs or .

When fl In) goes from t to -

ve
,
then the
point is local maxima .

When Hln ) goes from -

to tue ,
then the point is local naniwa .

*
When fl ( n
) does not change its sign ,
the ft - is called ht .

of inferior .
 Lets take one eneuufde .

Lets do the same

question .

Solution
'
:
fln ) = 3 n' + Un -
I Zn't 12

12ns
'

f (n ) = + 12W - 24N

( nlt 2) 1.2 ( 1) Ln -12 )

f (
' n
12N n
= n
-
=

)
-

n = 0 ,
I ,
-2 are stationary faints .

f In )
'
here
Now , # is the

- -
-

t -
t
#
-
2 0 I
- -

-
-
here fkn) is - ne .

At n = -
2,
fkn ) changes its
sign from -
we to the .
ie

n = -
2 is a point of local minima .

sign from
'
At n = O , f ( ) changes
n its + we fo -

we . ie

n = O is ice
faint of local marina .

its sign from

'
At n
-

-
I
, t( n ) changes
-
ne to tire . ie

n =L is a
point of local minima .

MAINE BATA TO AIA PAR ESA KYUN HOTA HAI ?

A B Y E SAB .

CHALI YE DEKHTE HAI !

P EHLE BAAT KART E HAI MAXI MA KI .

To the left of our local

4X
/
local naniwa
.

1-
marina, if we -

draw a
tangent
I
at point
•
any .
The
slope of the

tangent will
always be
positive .

I To the
right ,
the
slope will

always be negative .

Clearly
'
, f In ) changes its
sign from the to -
ne .
 AB BAAT KART E HAI MINI MA KI .

To the left of our local

*X
manima, if draw

-
r we a
tangent
-

i
at point
any .
The
slope of the

tangent will
i
always be
positive .

"

go To the
right ,
the
slope will
local
minima always be negative .

Clearly
'
, f In ) changes its
sign from the to -
ne .

Ab tumhe clear ki kaiser

gaya hogar sign change minima , mani ma far
bio se

't
bark Had a hair .

Lets do one
example .

Solution Let the two numbers lee . n

dy .

So , IS =
15
nty =
y n
-

or

njh
'
their is n't y n' (I s
of squares
= +
Now
-

sun

Let , flu) =
n' t ( 15 -

ni
Now differentiate for manimalvuinima .

f' ( n ) = 2n + 2 In 15 ) -

= 2 [ 2n -

Is ]
put f' In ) = O

2n -
IS = O

n
Ez II
-

=
y
-

,
.

The numbers are

¥ ¥ ,
.

Now lets talk about

global naniwa and
global minima .
 Gili OBA:L HAA .
.
III. It .

&
Git OB.A.li At It . .
t.FI It .

It is also known as absolute marina and absolute minima .

Already 9 've shown

year that value
of a local minima can be
greater
than a local marina .

••i÷± •

•#
Afl!
@E o G

here B ,
D ,
F are local minima .

C. E are local marina .

marina
A is
global .

F is global minima .

GLOBAL MAXIMA :

Definition :
for a
function y
-

-
Hn) in a
given interval ( a b]
,
,
the mani mum

value that the attains is known

function as
global or absolute
mani mum value and the value
of ttrat
particular input
'

n
'
is

known minima
as
global .
 Also , Global Mani mum =
man I flat , fla ) f ( ca ) ,
.
. .

, f lb ) }
where , Ci , Cz , Cz . .
are local Manimas .

GLOBAL MINI MA :

Definition :
for a
function y
-

-
Hn) in a
given interval ( a b]
,
,
the mani mum

value that the attains is known

function as
global or absolute
mani mum value and the value
of tteat
particular input
'

n
'
is

known minima
as
global .

Global minima = min { Ha ) , f ( di ) flak) ,

.
- -

f ( b) }
d. da , ds of
where ,
. -

are
ft -

s local minima .

Ab er example . .

Cn n47)
Solution : Let a random
point on the curve lee , .

Now ,
given point is 6,73

Distance between the random point &

given point is :

d =
Ln-3Tt(n47-7#
'
(n -35 fln )
'

d =
+ n =
.

For
'
d to be minimum ,
d should be minimum ,

So ,
we will minimise fln ) .

Hn ) = Cn-35 t na

( -31 then?
'
f (n) =
2 n

f
'

put Ln ) = O

2 ( n 3) -
t 4ns = O

2 ( n 1) ( -

Zn't 2n -13
-

) = O
 n =
I [ 25422+3=0 has no real roots ]

Put a
-
- I ,
d = IF = is .

The minimum distance is

Sf

Kart hair ek our example . .

.

Solution:
f( n ) = 2n3 -
I Sn't 36 n -11 on fl s )
,

fl (
'
n ) = 6 n -
3 On +36

put f' In ) =D .

6( 6)
'
n -
Sn t = O

n = 2 n =3
,

+ -
t
#
2 3

to
At a =
.
2, fkn ) changes its sign from the -
we so
,

Local Mamma
is
point of
.

n=2 a

2-23 15.22+36.2
The local uranium value is f (2) =
- t I

=
16 -
60 t
-
72 t I 29

'
At =3
f ( ) changes its
reign from we to true so
-

n ,
n ,
,

Minima
n =3 is a
point of Local .

2.33 5.32+36.3+1
The local minimum value is
f( 3) = -
I

= 54 -
135 + I 08 + I =
28

Now ,
ft ) = 24 i
f (5) = 56

Now global minimum value = min { fll ) fl 3) f ( s ) )

, ,

= ruin { 24 ,
28
, 563
= 24 .

Global minima occurs at n =L .

Global Mantuan value =
man f ft ) fly f (5) I , ,

= win { 24 ,
29 ,
56
}
=
56 .

at S
global mamima
-

occurs n -
.

o r
-
o

Solution :
r -
-

¥ fo
'
mm

P -
Q

Now when the car starts ,

,

distance (n ) = 0

time ,
t =0

velocity 0=0 .

O
Now , when car
stops , velocity is .

2E
Distance =
n =
E( 2-
t) =
-

tf
Velocity = o =

deaf =

dat [2E Ef) - = Yt -

E

Now , put velocity =0

Yt E -
-

- O ; t (4 -
t) =O ; t -0,4 secs .

So when car starts ,

time -

- Os .

time 4S
when car
stops ,
= .

vdistavee ,
n when car stops ,
n =
442 Iz ) -

32g m .

So P the takes 4 And

from to secs
g car .

P to g the travels 3-2

from
car m .