Automation In

Spreading And Cutting

Introduction to Artificial
Intelligence Jury Submission

Submited by:-
Mansi chand
Khushi gupta
Akriti pandey
Nisha kumari
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is our proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the kind of
help and guidance received from several people in preparation
of this document. It would have never possible for me to make
this document without the kind of help and guidance I have
received.
First and foremost, I wish to record our sincere gratitude to Mr.
Abhay Kumar for his constant support and encouragement
throughout this whole semester.
The classes of introduction to artificial intelligence are really
helpful and it has contributed a lot in this documentation.
Last but not the least, we wish to thank our parents for
financing our studies in this college as well as for constantly
encouraging us to learn this course.
Mansi chand
Khushi gupta
Akriti pandey
Nisha kumari
 Introduction to automation in spreading and cutting
By using an auto spreader, garment many manufacturers have reduced manpower in the
cutting room from 6 persons to 1-2 persons per cutting table (spreading activity). At the same
cutting room capacity is increased many times. Additionally, the most important thing, cutting
quality has been improved.
A lot of technology advancement happened in the spreading machine too at the IoT (Internet of
Things) era. Spreading statistic is available with the auto-spreader. 

With the help of automation, a cutting room has become the most advanced department at an
apparel manufacturing enterprise. The cutting room management software is able to schedule
jobs to production, select optimal raw material and utilize remnants, generate cut plans and
nests, track production activities, and provide management reports for analysis and future
planning. Automated spreading machines significantly reduce the work load of the spreading
operator and increase work productivity. Automated marker making methods to match
material pattern significantly improve processing of garments from intricate pattern fabrics.
Fully automated knife cutting systems are the most effective means of cutting garments. They
ensure sufficiently high quality and accuracy, as well as, very high productivity for both low-ply
and high-ply cutting processes. By help of automation advanced fusing presses perform very
sensitive fusing process to ensure high-quality fused composite and avoid textile material
shrinkage.

Spreading

Fabric spreadingis a method where piles offabrics are spreadaspecific length and width wise
according to the garment markermeasurement.

The fundamental purpose of spreading machines is to superimposelayers of fabric in a smooth,

tension-free manner for accurate andefficient cutting.Types of spreading machines

1. Manual

2. Semi automatic

3. Fully automatic

1. Manual method:
Fabric is laid completely by hand. With the help of mechanical assistance as roll cutter. The
operator clamps the free end of fabric in line with the end of the spread. Pushes the spreader
to the other end. Cuts off the ply in line with that end. Clamps the beginning of the next ply.
Pushes the spreader to the other end other end and so on.

Fig 1. spreading of fabric plies manually

2. Semi Automatic spreading: 

In a semi-automated spreading process, the operator moves along the spreading table and
follows the spreading process. The operator smoothes the surface of the lay, recognises faults
in the spread fabric and makes decisions to leave faults in the spread or cut them out. Fully
automated spreading is used for high quality, easy spread materials. The operator sets all the
necessary parameters (the length of the lay, spreading speed, fabric tension etc.) and lets the
machine complete each spread. 

The spreading speed is dependent on the properties of a fabric. It is much faster (approx 1.5–3
times) than manual spreading. It is used in medium and large production enterprises, where the
volume of production justifies the cost of the equipment and its maintenance. 

3. Fully Automatic spreading: 

The fully automated spreading process is used for high quality materials which are easily
spread. An operator sets the necessary parameters (the length of the lay, the spreading speed,
the fabric tension, etc.). The spreading machine automatically performs the following
operations: lays the fabric in the required length of the spread, cuts the material at the end of
every ply, counts the number of plies and stops after laying the required number of plies. 

Automated spreading machine:

The spreading machine is stationed at one end of the cutting table.

Fabric roll or folded fabric stack is loaded on the spreading machine.

One operator is required when spreading is done using an auto spreader.

The automatic spreading machines operated by one operator.

The same person checks the fabric edge, remove unnecessary creases on the fabric layer and
collect end bits.

The fabric spreader reaches to the end of the marker and starts laying the fabric on the table.

When the spreader reaches to other end of the marker, auto end cutter split the fabric from
roll.

Fig 2. Automatic spreading machine

 Parameters Manual spreading Automated spreading

Spreading table 
Fabric feeder  Spreading table 
Spreading equipment
Cutting device Spreading machine

Spreading of pre-set Spreading of pre-set

number of plies  number of plies 
Visual flaw identification Visual flaw identification
by an operator by an operator
Splicing manually using Splicing using registered
on the table marked splice marks data about flaw placements and
Spreading principles
and printed markers special software

All kind of fabrics – High-quality easy spread

Spreading method
manually fabrics – fully automated way

High productivity 
Only one operator
Ability to spread all kind needed 
of materials  Low work load for an
Advantages of the method
Low expenses operator

Low productivity 
Two operators needed  High expenses 
High work load for an Cannot spread materials
Disadvantages of the method
operator with intricate patterns

Fabric Cutting: 
Cutting department plays very important role in any apparel industry. To make a complete
garment, cutting is necessary. Without cutting process to make a cloth is out of dream. Cutting
is the process which cut out the pattern pieces from specified fabric for making apparel with the
help of marker. Normally the marker is applied (drawn, traced, sprayed, clipped, pinned) on to
the top ply of a lay. Consistent fabric cutting is responsible for perfect garments making. 

According to the working process, the cutting machine may be classified in three categories.
Such as- 

1. Manual cutting machine

2. Semi- Automatic cutting machine
3 .Fully Automatic / Computerized cutting machine 

1) Manual Cutting Machine: 

(a) Hand Operated Scissor 

2) Semi-Automatic Cutting Machine: 

(a) Straight knife of Cutting Machine. 

(b) Round Knife Cutting Machine. 
(C) Band Knife Cutting Machine. 
(E) Notcher Machine. 
(F) Drill Machine.
 
3) Fully Automatic / Computerized Cutting Machine: 

(A) Computer Controlled Knife Cutting Machine. 

(B) Laser Cutting Machine. 
(C) Water Jet Cutting Machine. 
(D) Air jet Cutting Machine. 
(E) Ultrasonic Cutting Machine. 
(F) Plasma Torch Cutting Machine

1. Manual Cutting Machine: 

We can understand scissor as a manual cutting machine. Scissor only used when cutting
only single or double plies. Almost every type of cloth is cut by scissor. But it takes huge
time for fabric cutting. So it is not used in bulk production.

2. Semi-Automatic Cutting Machine:

(A) Straight Knife Cutting Machine: 

Straight knife cutting machine is the most popular and versatile cutting machine. It is widely
used in clothing industry. Because it’s production speed is very high. Higher lay of height can be
cut very easily. Besides, knife is comparatively cheap and can be transferred from one place to
another easily.
 Fig 3. straight knife cutting machine

(B) Round Knife Cutting Machine: 

Round knife cutting machine is called because it’s cutter is round in shape. It is also popular
cutting machine. This machine is small in size, flexible & used for small production. Round knife
is widely used for cutting the big parts of the garments pattern.

Fig 4. round knife cutting machine

(C) Band Knife Cutting Machine: 

Band knife cutting machine is look like a wood cutter machine. This cutting machine works
 automatically according to the height of the relevant material. Band knife cutting machines
have been recognized around the world for many years for its high quality cutting.

Fig 5. band knife cutting machine

(D) Die Cutting Machine: 

Die cutting machine involves pressing a rigid blade through the lay of fabric. It is useful
where small motifs with particular shape and pattern are needed for cutting. Die cutting is
most useful to cut sharp and small parts. Mainly two types of die cuttings are available in
market namely, Clickers and Presses.

Fig 6. Die cutting machine

(E) Notcher Cutting Machine: 

It is a special type of cutting machine & use in special case. Useful to cut small notch to the
 fabric. It is most useful to make consistency in notching. This cannot be used in
thermoplastic fibers or certain unlined garments.

Fig 7. notcher cutting machine

(F) Drill Cutting Machine: 

Sometimes it is needed to mark on the end of components of dresses especially for
the position of pockets, darts and similar features, a hole is often drill through all the plies
of fabric in the lay. This machine is also used for marking on the middle of the components
of dresses. It can make the hole permanently for a long. 

Fig 8. Drill cutting machine

 3) Fully Automatic / Computerized Cutting Machine: 
(A) Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) fabric cutting machine

Computer numerical control may be consider to a means of operating a machine through the
use of discrete numerical values fed into the machine where the required 'input' technical
information is stored on a kind of input media such as floppy disk, hard disk, CD ROM, DVD, USB
flash drive, or RAM card etc. The machine follows a predetermined sequence of machining
operations at the predetermined speeds necessary to produce a work piece of the right shape
and size and thus according to completely predictable results.

Advantages of CNC

 Easier to program
 Easy storage of existing programs;
 Easy to change a program;
 Avoids human errors
 CNC machines are safer
 Complex geometry is produce as cheaply as simple ones
 Usually generates closer tolerance than manual machines.

Disadvantages of CNC

 Higher investment cost

 Higher maintenance cost
 Skilled CNC operator is required

Working principle of CNC

1. Control systems

1.1.Open Loop Systems

Open loop systems have no access to the real time data about the performance of the system
and therefore no immediate corrective action can be taken in case of system disturbance. This
system is normally applied only to the case where the output is almost constant and
predictable. Therefore, an open loop system is unlikely to be used to control machine tools
since the cutting force and loading of
a machine tool is never a constant. The only exception is the wire cut machine for which some
machine tool builders still prefer to use an open loop system because the is virtually no cutting
force in wirwcut machine.

Input output
System

Fig- Block diagram of an open loop system

1.2 Close Loop Systems

In a close loop system, feedback devices closely monitor the output and any disturbance will be
corrected in the first instance. Therefore high system accuracy is achievable. This system is
more powerful than the open loop system and can be applied to the case where the output is
subjected to frequent change. Nowadays, almost all CNC machines usethis control system.

System

Feedback

Fig- Block diagram of an close loop system

Elements of a CNC System

A CNC system consists of the following 6 major elements:

I. Input Device
II. Machine Control Unit
III. Machine Tool
IV. Driving System
V. Feedback Devices

Fig.9 working principle of CNC machines

 (B) Computer Controlled Straight Knife Cutting Machine

Introduction:
In this machine, cutting knife movement is controlled by a computer. Cutting table used for
computer controlled straight knife cutting machine is different from normal cutting table. The
table top is covered with a bed of nylon bristle. The nylon bristle bed is capable to support the
fabric lay and also allows the straight knife to pass through and move around the nylon bristle.
Hence cutting of each and every ply of fabric in the lay is confirmed. The nylon bristle bed also
allows air suction through the bed to make the lay compressed by vacuum pressure.

Fig. 10 Computer Controlled Straight Knife Cutting Machine

Working procedure

 On the cutting table there are two rails on two sides, running length direction of the
cutting table. A cross beam moves length direction of the cutting table, situated on the
rails.
 The cutting head is situated on the cross beam and moves on the cross beam but the
movement is in width direction of the cutting table.
 The cutting knife is situated inside the cutting head. Due to the combined movement of
the cross beam, cutting head, and cutting knife, fabric cutting is done at any line, angle,
and point very accurately.
 The combined movement is controlled by three servo motors.
 When fabric cutting command is given through computer, the cutting knife starts lay
cutting from a reference point starting in the computer memory of the marker.
 Notch point is made by the same cutting knife. Drill mark is also produced by a separate
drill situated in the cutting head.
 Speed of cutting depends on lay height.
 As the cutting proceeds, the vacuum pressure may drop into the lay.
  To avoid the reduced vacuum pressure problem, another polythene sheet roll may be
used to cover the cut portion of the lay
 Computerized straight knife cutting machine does not require any use of marker. In
some cases, marker may be used to identify the cut components.

Advantages:

1. Very fast fabric cutting;

2. Very accurate cutting;
3. Cutting speed could be varied;
4. Cutting knife could be rotated and moved at any angle;
5. Suitable for large scale production;
6. Can be connected with computerized marker making;
7. Fabric is compressed by vacuum facilitates cutting;
8. Cutting defect is negligible;
9. No possibility of blade deflection;
10. Blade sharpening is attached;
11. Possibility of accident is lower;
12. No need of marker;
13. Lower labor cost;
14. 6 to 8 times faster cutting.

Disadvantages:

1. Initial investment cost is very high;

2. Maintenance cost is also very high;
3. Skilled operator is needed.

(C) Water jet Cutting Machine:

A water jet cutter is an industrial tool capable of cutting a wide variety of materials using a very
high-pressure jet of water or a mixture of water. The cutter is commonly connected to a high-
pressure water pump where the water is then ejected from the nozzle, cutting through the
material by spraying it with the jet of high-speed water. The features of water jet cutting
machine is given below: 
 Fig 11. Waterjet cutter

Working procedure

 In this process water is increased in pressure by high-pressure pump to about 40000-

60000 PSI and is forced through the orifice on to the target material.
 This high-pressure water on striking the surface performs the machining operation. The
potential energy contained in the water is converted in the process to kinetic energy,
i.e., into jet velocity, thus achieving its "cutting" effect.
 The basic waterjet process involves water flowing from a pump, through plumbing, and
out a cutting head.
 In waterjet cutting, the material removal process can be described as a supersonic
erosion process. It is not pressure, but stream velocity that tears away microscopic
pieces or grains of material.
 Pressure and velocity are two distinct forms of energy. The pump’s water pressure is
converted to the other form of energy, water velocity by a tiny jewel. A jewel is affixed
to the end of the plumbing tubing.
 The jewel has a tiny hole in it. The pressurized water passes through this tiny opening
changing the pressure to velocity. At approximately 40,000 psi the resulting stream that
passes out of the orifice is traveling at Mach 2. And at 60,000 psi the speed is over Mach

Features of Water-jet Cutting Machine:

1. In water jet cutter, water or mixture of water is used to cut fabric which is controlled by
computer.
2. Special software is used to cut fabric.
3. A very high velocity (60,000 lb/ square inch) & small diameter steam of water is created
by a water jet intensifier pump.
4. The high pressure jet acts as a solid tool & sharp knife which can easily cut the fabrics,
lathers & plastic materials.
5. As the jet penetrates successive plies in a spread, the momentum decreases & cutting
ability is reduced. So, the lower lays of fabric cutting will be wide & less effective.
 6. The jet of water & loose fibers normally caught & drains away by a catcher when cut the
fabric. It is in the bottom of the fabric lays & moves with the same speed & the same
direction of water jet.
7. To improve the cutting speed, it is needed to adjust the pressure & radius of the jet. 

Fig. 12 Water Jet Cutting Machine

Advantage of Water-jet Cutting Machine:

1. Most effective to cut hard materials such as leather & plastic.

2. Sound of cutting is less.
3. Excess heat is not produce.
4. Higher cutting speed.
5. The table is not cut as catcher is used.
6. Since there is no solid knife so, no sharpening is required.

Disadvantage of Water-jet Cutting Machine:

1. There is a danger of wet edges.

2. Water spot may occur on fabric.
3. High costly.
4. Hard water causes rusting. So water must be filtered & de-ionized before use.
5. As in the lower lay, water jet spreads out & then cut is wider & rough at the bottom of
the spread.
6. Not suitable for high lay of fabric.

(D) Laser Cutting Machine

Laser cutting processing depends on its precise processing, faster, simple operation, high
degree of automation has been widely used in the leather and textile garment industry.Laser
cutting machine is not only with low price, low consume, more over laser processing doesn't
have mechanical stress to the work piece, so the precision and cutting speed of thecut
products' result are very well.

Fig. 13 laser cutting machine

Features

 Servo motor system.

 High speed processing.
 Suitable for medium and small batch production of apparel industry.
 Complete processing: this machine can make the process of fabric pieces cutting
engraving, punching and scribing.
 High precision and high speed cutting for varieties of garment fabrics and flexible textile
within large format of 1600*1000mm.
 Conveyor working table with automatic feeding system, realize continuous material
feeding and cutting for automatic production.
 This cutting system can do extra-long nesting and full format continuous auto feeding
and cutting on a single pattern that exceeds the cutting area of the machine.
 5” LCD screen CNC system supports multiple data transition mode and can run in offline
and online mode.
 Users can built a database in connected computer, realizing instant data calling up. No
required cardboard, avoid the cost of paper and edition room.
 This model can be equipped with large format auto recognition and projector system for
personalized garment precise and smart cutting.
 (F) Plasma Torch Cutting Machine: 
Plasma cutting was originally developed to satisfy our demand for high quality cutting. It
is used for cutting stainless steel and aluminum. But it can also be used to cut textile
material. In this system, fabrics are cut by a thin through the nozzle which is made by
Argon gas.

Fig 14. plasma cutting machine

Working principal of plasma cutting machine

Plasma cutters work by sending an electric arc through a gas that is passing through a
constricted opening.  The gas can be shop air, nitrogen, argon, oxygen. etc. This elevates the
temperature of the gas to the point that it enters a 4th state of matter. The restricted opening
(nozzle) the gas passes through causes it to squeeze by at a high speed, like air passing through
a venturi in a carburetor.  This high speed gas cuts through the molten metal.  The gas is also
directed around the perimeter of the cutting area to shield the cut.

In many of today's better plasma cutters, a pilot arc between the electrode and nozzle is used
to ionize the gas and initially generate the plasma prior to the arc transfer.
The advantages of robotic plasma cutting are numerous:

 Cutting Speed 
 Wide Range of Material and
 Ease of Use 
 Multi-tasking 
 Safety 
 Economical 
 Keeps Materials Cool 

Artificial intelligence

An intelligent real time vision system for cutting defects detection

Introduction

There is an increased need for quality control in the manufacturing sector. The apparel industry
rejects any materials with defects in manufacturing processes because a minor defect in a
manufactured part might result in a disaster at a later stage. Without automatic machine vision
technology, cutting operations is not able to perform real-time inline cutting defect inspection.
The failure to identify some defects can lead to factory down time and significant economic
losses.
The many factors make defect features difficult to detect: material impurities, fluctuation of
lighting, object twitter and other unexpected movement between them fabric and the cutting
machine.

Our suggestions efforts have been put in modeling defect detection as a pattern classification
problem. There are two important issues to be addressed.

 First, effective defect features must be explored, extracted and optimized.Defect features
characterize cutting defects and determine the complexity of the classification system.
 The second important issue is the classifier design, which determines the performance of
the entire vision system in classifying defects.

We have developed a machine learning system based on the Support Vector Machine. During
the design of the machine vision system, we address three main requirements:

1. It should be robust and capable of providing good discrimination even in the case of noisy
input data.
2. It must be fast enough in order to meet inline speed requirements.
3. It should be incrementally scalable to incorporate new known objects, particularly new
known defect classes, without retraining with the whole data set. In addition, we address
the issues including parameter selection in SVM.

The system has been implemented and tested on image data downloaded directly from fabric
Cutting productions. The experiments showed that the machine vision system meets the real-
time requirement with a highdefect detection rate.Features characterize surface defects and
determine the complexity of the classification system.

Real-time cutting defect detection in cutting Process

The system consists of major components, defect feature extraction and defect classification.
The defects generated during a cutting process are typically low resolution and appear in
different shapes.
 Fig12. A machine vision system for defect detection

Rough Filtering anedge Candidate Finding

The defects in cutting processes typically occupy small areas of a fabric. We developed a two-
step feature extraction approach, rough filtering, and defect candidate finding, in order to
achieve computational efficiency. The objective of the rough filtering is to quickly pass the
majority of the normal cutting panel images. For those images thatare high probability of
containing defects.

Figure1. A machine vision system for defect detection.The rough filtering algorithm explores
several defect features including the orientation of the grain line, which is approximately
vertical in the images. The rough filtering algorithm applies a horizontal gradient operator to
the image to detect the edges of the fabric. If a filtered image has no significant gradient values,
the image is considered normal. However the horizontal gradient filtering also generates false
seams

The defect candidate finding algorithm explores fact of the edge, and usually has high contrast
with theedge being always darker than its surrounding area. This implies that a horizontal
gradient filter usually produces significant negative values on the left side and significant
positive values on the right side of a edge.

The algorithm first searches for the initial edge points, called seeds. A seed point is the local
maxima in the gradient image and has either negative-to- positive or positive-to-negative
neighbors on the two sides. If the minimum edge length is set to be n pixels long, then the
gradient image is sampled every n rows to search for seeds. The second step is to grow the
seam region starting from the seed points. It begins by examining six- and the candidate region
is identified..

Cut order planning is one of the most complex processes involved in garment making. AI can
make the planning efficient and faster. For example JAVA software has developed an AI
integrated cut planning software- OPTACUT which can initiate fabric required for ordering
almost accurately and makes the cut planning process automated.

Arti fi cial Intelligence in Automati c Spreading and Cutti ng Equipments

 AI is the field of study that deals with the synthesis and analysis of computational agents that
act intelligently.

Apparel manufacturing is labor-intensive, which is characterized by low-fixed capital

investment; a wide range of product designs and, hence, input materials; variable production
volumes; high competitiveness; and often high demand on product quality. To cater these
demands, the labor-intensive processes should be converted into automated processes
accomplished by the use of computers, models, digital components, and artificial intelligence
(AI).

The garment manufacturing process is becoming more automated to cater the increasing
demand of consumers, reduce the number of faults, and keep the production cost low.

However, the industry still lacks the extensive adoption of AI methods. The industry is still using
computational tools based on classical algorithms and modern AI techniques are confined to
academic research. Hence, it is a requisite for the industry to adopt new AI techniques to have a
competitive advantage and improve business profitability.

SCOPE OF AI IN AUTOMATIC SPREADING EQUIPMENTS

One of the most important aspects where AI can be used is automated workflows based on
predictive analytics.

With the help of AI, detection and solving a problem becomes easier. They are programmed to
detect the faults and fed with solutions to overcome the damage.

They are making production decisions smarter and instant. With the help of AI, labor cost can
be minimized.
 Advises for application of artificial intelligence using machine learning and
computer vision technologies

 Challenges addressed-

Prevalent spreading processes can require significant investment of time and knowledge to
determine the spreading mode according to the fabric type and also specifying technical
information like ply tension, no. of plies etc that are required for spreading by an automatic
machine, that will be adequate to meet client specifications.

Secondly, the operator that will be operating the spreading machines needs to have technical
knowledge to work on CNC systems of the automatic spreading machines.

 Opportunity

AI can be used to find patterns in spreading data that can lead to the best possible spreading
solutions. By looking at a wide variety of data including fabric properties, spreading modes for
fabric types , prior configurations like tension of ply , no. of plies etc .
AI based models can determine which combinations of variables are most likely to produce a
positive result. Using this information, garment technicians can pursue avenues that are most
likely to work and may even find new solutions they had not thought of before.
By focusing on high-probability solutions, manufacturers can reduce costs, speed time to
market and improve quality.

Reference for the idea is from H2O it is an open source machine learning platform.
(site: https://www.h2o.ai/)

Abstract of the Idea –

We are proposing an idea to use a program that will detect the fabric characteristics. Given the
information of the marker plan the AI system will allow the automatic spreading machine to
predict and suggest the best possible way of laying the plies. This program will use the principle
of Computer vision and Machine Learning that can be applied in automatic spreading machine.

Where ,

Machine Learning and Computer Vision cogniti ve technologies that emanate from
AI can be used in the applicati on of arti fi cial intelligence in Spreading equipments.
Computer vision (CV) is a process (and a branch of AI ) that involves capturing, processing and
analyzing real-world images and video to allow machines to extract meaningful, contextual
information from the physical world. 

Machine learning is the process of teaching a computer system how to make accurate
predictions when fed data.

Machine-learning algorithms use statistics to find patterns. The data is digitally stored, and it
can be fed into a machine-learning algorithm.

Working of the AI program

 The manufacturer will install the camera-based system in their factories and input a few
hundred images of certain samples. The image of the fibres, prints etc are stored in the
system and compared with the captured image. System will be pre-fed with the basic
information of spreading modes and fabric types etc.

Spreading Modes- Two fabric characteristics that determine the spreading mode are the
direction of fabric face and the direction of the fabric nap.

1. Direction of Fabric Nap:

A second consideration in selecting the spreading mode relates to the direction of the
fabric nap. Placement of the nap may be nap-one-way (N/OW) or nap-up-and-down
(N/U/D).
2. Direction of Fabric Face
The fabric face may be positioned in two ways: face-to-face (F/F) or with all plies facing-
one-way (F/O/W), face up or face down. Face-to-face (F/F) spreading may be continuous
as the spreader moves up and down the table. Like Pile fabrics, corduroy and velvet, are
often spread face down, other high-quality fabrics are spread face up.

 Using the pre fed information the machine will identify

o The Fibre content of the Fabric
o Structural formation of fabric- like Weaving or knitting or napped fabric like velvet,
corduroy
o Symmetry in the look of the fabric – if its printed, or solid dyed,
o Direction of the fabric face and back side

 Other information will be provided to the system like Garment style, garment quantity,
garment sizes etc
 Using these data and information it will suggest the most optimum way of spreading the
plies.
 The system will then automatically spread the fabric in the correct spreading mode ,No. of
plies according to garment quantity and in accurate tension according to the fabric type.

Principle of Computer vision technology can be applied to identify fabric

characteristics.
 To identify the Fabric characteristics image acquisition technology is used in which a
camera is used to gather information and then the pictures are compared from the pre-
stored images of various fabric properties.
 CCD ( charge-coupled device) cameras are used to scan the fabric and the scanned
signals are fed AI systems for analysis. Microscopic scanning is also possible through
such cameras.

Fig; Set-up
Exampleof of
theImages
CCD camera forare
like that fabric analysis
acquired forusing Computer
scanning of thevision
fabrictechnique
 Figure: Microscopic image of fibres to identify fabric content

Fig: scan image of woven fabric Fig: scan image of rib knitted fabric

Fig: scan image of Interlock knit fabric

 a) b)

Figure : Symmetrical directional print a) fabric b) scanned image of fabric

Machine learning solutions can be applied in spreading equipments

Machine learning will enable the platform to learn through the experience, with use. Post this
learning the platform will potentially start giving more and more accurate advises on the best
suitable method for spreading.

And thereby providing the CNC systems of spreading machines the ability to automatically learn
and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. 

Automatic Spreading Solution Providers for Textile and RMG Industry

These are the leading brands in the garment industry that provide automatic spreading
equipments.

1. Lectra: Lectra is a well-known brand in India and worldwide for cutting room automation in
the sewn product industry. Lectra spreading machine is very popular in India.

2. Gerber: When we talk about cutting room automation, Gerber comes after Lectra. Gerber
and Lectra spreaders are found in most of the garment factories in India. Know more
about Gerber spreader.

3. Eastman: Eastman company is synonyms of the straight knife cutting machine. They have
recently introduced cutting room automation including Eastman automatic spreading machine.

4. Bullmar: Bullmar automatic fabric spreading machine

5. Richpeace: Richpeace Spreading Machine is a Hong Kong-based company

6. Morgan Tecnica: Morgan Tecnica spreading machines are equipped with most advanced

electronics and software developed ad hoc to allow the best possible control, even by remote.
The PC touch on board offers the possibility to control and manage productivity even by
remote.

7. FK Group: Fabric spreading machine by FK Group

8. TukaSpreader: TUKAspreader machines are designed for all types of woven and knitted

fabric.

9. IMA Fabric spreaders: IMA SpA is an Italian capital company founded in 1977 in Turin. A few
years after its establishment, it joined the Macpi Group and transfers its production site in
Palazzolo, in the province of Brescia, home of the other companies of the Group.

10. Ozbilim: Ozbilim is a Turkish company. Recently I visited Turkey. I have seen Ozbilim
spreading machines in a garment factory.

11. YIN (Automatic Spreader) // Yin USA, Inc. provides integrated automation solutions for
advanced textile manufacturing industries by including Automatic Spreading Machines.

12. Cosmotex: Cosmotex is a Spanish company specialized in manufacturing and marketing

textile finishing and cutting room machinery.

Conclusions
This represented a defect detection approach based on machine vision and intelligent systems.
The approach fully explored visual defect features, and developed a SVM learning algorithm
that automatically learns complex decision boundaries when data noise exists. Experimental
results demonstrate the potential of a Support Vector Machine as a promising classifier for
defect data with application in real-time manufacturing environment. The in-line tests are
currently underway. We expect that the system will help the garment industry to improve the
consistency of product quality and production
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https://www.h2o.ai/manufacturing/?
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https://jaza-soft.com/blogs/application-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-apparel-industry-2

file:///C:/Users/khushi/Downloads/AIintextiles_ATJ_manuscript.pdf

https://valiancesolutions.com/applications-artificial-intelligence-ai-textile-industry/