CHEMICAL

REACTION ENGINEERING
INFORMATION

Marie-Odile Simonnot, Pr
The team
•  Mrs M.O. SIMONNOT
•  Mrs D. BARTH
•  Mr A. DURAND
•  Mr B. LAUBIE
•  Mrs V. VITZTHUM

Marie-Odile.Simonnot@univ-lorraine.fr
Danielle.Barth@univ-lorraine.fr
Alain.Durand@univ-lorraine.fr
BapEste.Laubie@univ-lorraine.fr
Valerie.Vitzthum@univ-lorraine.fr
We are not full-time at the EEIGM, since we have research activities at the
LRGP, but we can be easily reached by e-mail if needed.
2
Organisa9on
•  12 lectures and tutorials
•  What is expected: an intense and regular homework. You
have to work aHer each lecture re-read, understand the
noEons, re-write the equaEons, be aware of the units. You
have to prepare the exercises and try to re-do the ones we
have done. You should also try to solve other problems, read
documents etc.
•  For the exercises, you have to bring a calculator and a rule.
•  If you are absent at a tutorial session without excuse: -0.5 on
the mean score
•  Books are available in the library (please see the list in the 1st
textbook)
•  Many documents are available on Arche
hYp://arche.univ-lorraine.fr/
3
Exams: the rules

o  2 homeworks
(the mean score will be calculated and the coefficient is 0.5
0 if it is not done)

o  One intermediate test, coefficient 1.5
o  One final test, coefficient 3.

If you are absent without excuse: score=0

No documents are allowed during the exams, but you will have a reminder
of the most important equaEons.

The professors are free to ask something more if they feel it is necessary:
redac9on of an addi9onal exercise, tests etc.

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 EEIGM, 3rd year

IntroducEon

Pr M.O. SIMONNOT
 Overview chemical industry

Global chemical production by region Global chemical production

in billion USD by category in 2008
Chemicals used for material producEon
 Chemicals used for material producEon

Metals, alloys
Polymers
PE, PP, PMMA, PET,PS, PVC and metal products
Glasses, ceramics
Coating
Painting, adhesives Composites

Raw materials (oil…)

Raw materials (minerals)
Monomers, additives, catalysts
Acids – alkalis – gas – fluids
Energy …
 What is Chemical Engineering ?
—  Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the
applicaEon of physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics) and life sciences
(e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathemaEcs, to the
process of converEng raw materials or chemicals into more useful or
valuable forms.

—  Chemical engineering is concerned with pioneering valuable new materials
and techniques (nanotechnology, fuel cells, biomedical engineering). It
largely involves the design, improvement and maintenance of processes
involving chemical or biological transformaEons for large-scale
manufacture. Chemical engineers ensure the processes are operated safely,
sustainably and economically. Chemical engineers in this branch are usually
employed under the Etle of process engineer.

—  An open science
 Safety Environment
Chemical Engineering
•  physical sciences
•  life sciences
•  mathemaEcs
Raw materials
Chemicals Products
Energy
•  Proper9es
•  Quality
•  Well-being
•  Money
•  Image
 Fields of chemical engineering
Biochemical eng. Fuel cell Process control
Bioinformatics Heat transfer Process design
Biomedical eng. Industrial gas Processs deveelopment
Biomolecular eng. Mass transfer Paper eng.
Biotechnology Materials science Safety eng.
Ceramics Metallurgy Semiconductor device
Chemical process Microfluidics fabrication
modeling Mineral processing Separation processes
Chemical technologies Nanotechnology •  Crystallisation
Chemical reactor Natural environment •  Distillation
Computational fluid Natural gas processing •  Membranes
dynamics Nuclear reprocessing Textile eng.
Corrosion eng. Oil exploration Thermodynamics
Distillation design Oil refinery Transport phenomena
Electrochemistry Pharmaceutical eng. Unit operations
Environmental eng. Plastic eng. Water technology
Fluid dynamics polymers
Food eng.

 Methods of chemical engineering
Reactions
Transfers Separations
Systemic approach
Concepts of « unit operaEons »
Simulations Metrology
Mass, heat, momentum balances
Upscaling
Processes
Products

  Transport, transfer phenomena

Reactors
Separation science
Modelling
Technico-economic evaluation From the lab scale to the the plant scale
Environmental risk assessment
 We are all concerned !

Process Engineering
(including chemical reaction engineering)

Material engineering Environmental engineering

 What is a chemical reactor?

—  Volume where at least one chemical reacEon occurs

—  Various applicaEons
—  Chemical producEon
—  High added value products: pharmacy, cosmeEcs etc.
—  Food engineering etc.
—  In the field of materials:
—  Metallurgy
—  Polymers
—  Glasses
—  Surface film deposiEon etc.
—  In the field of environment:
—  Water treatment
—  Gas treatment
—  Soil decontaminaEon

 Steel production
Blast furnace

@wikipedia
1. Iron ore + limestone sinter 2. Coke 3. Elevator 4. Feedstock inlet 5. Layer of coke 6. Layer of sinter pellets of ore and limestone 7. Hot blast
(around 1200 °C) 8. Removal of slag 9. Tapping of molten pig iron 10. Slag pot 11. Torpedo car for pig iron 12. Dust cyclone for separation of solid
particles 13. Cowper stoves for hot blast 14. Smoke outlet (can be redirected to carbon capture & storage (CCS) tank) 15: Feed air for Cowper
stoves (air pre-heaters) 16. Powdered coal 17. Coke oven 18. Coke 19. Blast furnace gas downcomer
Polymer plant
 Polystyrene

Crystal polystyrene: polymerizaEon in suspension

Styrene producEon
ProducEon of ethylbenzene
Water treatment
Gas treatment
 ContribuEons
KINETICS
THERMODYNAMICS §  Chemical (rate law)
§  Mass transfer
INLET OUTLET
•  Reactants •  Products
•  Opera9ng condi9ons •  Yield
§  Flow rate REACTOR •  Selec9vity
§  Pressure
§  Temperature •  Quality
§  ConcentraEons •  By-products
HYDRODYNAMICS GEOMETRY
CONTACT
 ReacEon types

Phases §  homogeneous §  Ethylene chloration

§  heterogeneous §  Gas cleaning
§  Catalytic reactions

Stoechiometry §  simple §  Ammonia synthesis

§  multiple §  Benzene chloration

§  irreversible §  Free radical polymerization

Equilibrium §  reversible §  Methanol synthesis

Thermicity §  athermal §  Esterifications

§  exothermal §  PS polymerizarion
§  endothermal §  Et Benz deshydrogenation
 Reactor types
•  Reactors operated transiently
F
F
jE jS

Batch reactor Semi-batch reactor

•  Reactor operated continuously

F F
jE jS
FjE Fj Fj+dFj FjS C C
jE jS
0 z z+dz
Q Q
Plug-flow reactor Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Plug-flow reactors
CSTR
 What are we going to learn?
—  WriEng mole balances on reactors
—  Ideal reactors – a single reacEon
—  Reactors in series
—  MulEple reacEons
—  WriEng energy balances on reactors
—  Ideal reactors
—  Describing Hydrodynamics
—  Tracing
—  Residence Time DistribuEon
—  Moving to non ideal reactors
—  From the ideal to the real reactor
—  NoEons of modeling

 In the cursus of the EEIGM
Mathematics
Thermodynamics
Chemical kinetics

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Polymerization Projects Waste and

Engineering Training periods effluent treatment

Flow and transfer

Separation engineering
Same concepts in:
Powders
Practical work of Process Engineering