About the T-shirt

1. Fabric Type- Knitted

2. Fabric layer-one

3. Sewing thread- white,merging with the garment

4. Trims-0

5. Stretch- 3way minimum at vertical, moderate at diagonal maximum at horizontal

6. Type of Knitting- single jersey for front,back and sleeves and double jersey for ribs

7. CPI-56

8. WPI-45

9. Yarn type -2 ply staple yarn

10.
Burning Test

Observation.

● Self burning.

● Yellow flame

● Grey smoke

● Glow after the flame

● Burning paper smell

● Soft and crumbled ash left after burning

Conclusion.

● Cellulosic and natural fiber

● Cotton content

● Mixture of spandex
Abrasion testing:

Aim:

This test method covers the determination of the resistance to abrasion of knitted garments using the
Martindale abrasion tester.

Summary of Test Method :

The fabric specimen is measured by subjecting the garment to rubbing motion in the form of a straight
line.

Mterial used:

Martindale Abrasion Tester, with the following items:

1. Abradant TrizactTM4
2. Press Cutters6, 140 + 1mm (5.5 + .06 in.) in diameter.
3. Template DWith a diameter of 130 + 2 mm (5 + .0625 in.), a template is prepared to measure
the abrasion testing area of the garment.
4. China Marker -the China Marker is used to mark the abrasion testing area around the template.
5. Toothbrush- medium bristle toothbrush is suggested for use of removing pills during abrasion
testing.
Bursting strength testing;

Aim:
Burst test is the modern technique used to measure the strength of the fabrics and textile materials by
providing the stress on the material from all the directions equally at the same time. It is widely used
testing procedure for measuring strength of knitted fabric,

Procedure:

The bursting can be performed with the help of Bursting Strength Tester – Computerized that comprises

with a rubber diaphragm. As per the British standards, the bursting test can be performed by clamping

the fabrics over the rubber diaphragm with the help of an annular clamping ring and by providing

continuous fluid / glycerine pressure. This process is commenced by providing the pressure from

underside the diaphragm until the sample burst.

Material Used:

Bursting Strength tester by Presto Stantest

Steps:
 Firstly, the sample is prepared according to the size of the rubber diaphragm and clamping ring.
 The sample is clamped over the rubber diaphragm.
 The pressure of the glycerin is set with the BS tester which increases with an increasing rate and
at a specific pressure to burst the sample.
 The pressure which exerted is recorded, and another test is carried out.
Measurements Reported Via Bursting Strength Test
 Clamp Size
 Piston
 Rubber Diaphragm
 Sample Size
 Liquid
 Bursting Strength in kN/m2

Bursting Strength tester by Presto Stantest

Colour fastness testing

Aim:

Rubbing color fastness refers to the ability to sustain original color of dyed fabrics when rubbing. Dry
rubbing color fastness refers to the situation of fading and staining of dyed fabric when rubbed with a
standard white cloth. Wet rubbing color fastness refers to the situation of fading and staining of
dyed fabric when rubbed with a standard white cloth which water content is 95% to 105%. The
evaluation of Rubbing color fastness depends on the degree of staining of white cloth. After testing, the
white cloth is compared to staining sample cards to measure staining fastness. Rubbing color fastness,
same as washing color fastness, divide into 5 grades and 9 files, among which grade 5 is the best and
grade 1 is the worst.

Preparation of Test

Apparatus and Materials

1. Electronic Crockmeter
2. Gray Cards Evaluating Staining
3. Standard Cotton adjacent fabric (50mm*50mm uses to circular friction head; 25mm*100mm
uses to rectangular friction head),
4. Sample to be Tested

 
Testing Method

Sample Preparation

Choose sample’s position carefully and let every color rubbing. If the area of each color is large enough,
must prepare two groups of samples with no less than 50mm*200mm, and each group contains two
samples. One group is the length direction of samples is paralleled to warp yarn, used to dry rubbing and
wet rubbing in warp direction; the other is the longitudinal direction of samples is paralleled to weft
yarn, used to dry rubbing and wet rubbing in weft direction.

Operating Procedure

 Rubbing cloth should adopt cotton semi-finished fabrics which have been desized, scoured,
bleached and do not contain any finishing agent.

 Tested sample is fixed on bottom floor of tester by clamping device, and its length direction is in
accordance with movement direction of tester.

 Dry rubbing cloth is fixed on friction head of tester, and the warp direction of it is in accordance
with movement direction of friction head.

 Press Start Switch, reciprocating rub for 10 times in 10s (reciprocating movement is 100mm,
vertical pressure is 9N), then take the dry rubbing cloth off.

 Taking another rubbing cloth, and rolling it on rolling fluid device after soaked in cool water, to
make moisture content controlled in 95% to 105%.
  To do the above operation of dry rubbing cloth repeatedly. When rubbing is finished, dry it at
room temperature.

 Using gray cards evaluating staining to measure the staining fastness of above dry and wet
rubbing cloths.

Pilling test

Aim:

To determine the resistance to pilling and change in appearance of apparel fabrics.

Apparatus

1. I.C.I. pill box lined with standard cork 3.2mm thick

Internal dimensions before lining 235mm
Speed 60 ± 2 rpm
2. 4 x Moulded Polyurethane Pilling Tubes
(Dimensions: 140mm long x 31.5mm external diameter, mass 52.25 + 1.0g.)
3. 2 Pronged Sample Jig
4. Specimen Template 125mm Square
5. Lockstitch Sewing Machine
6. White P.V.C insulating tape, 19mm wide
7. Pilling Assessment Viewer
8. Dark room or curtained off area
9. Soft brush/Small Hand Held Vacuum Cleaner
10. Standard maintenance fabric
Preparation of the samples

1. -Do not use the fabric within 5cm of the selvedge.

2. -The fabric is washed and dried, or dry cleaned as per the appropriate performance standard
3. The cleansing process can affect the appearance of fabrics by causing fuzzing or pilling. To
ensure that undue changes do not occur the pilling sample must only be washed with samples
that are of a similar construction.
4. All knitwear must be washed as a double layer composite sample with the face of the fabric on
the inside of the sample.
5. Make an assessment of the original fabric to the washed or dry cleaned fabric before
commencing the pilling test
6. Describe the change in appearance as:
Slight fuzzing or pilling
`Moderate fuzzing or pilling
Severe fuzzing or pilling
7. Use the template to prepare 4 specimens 125mm square. Prepare 2 in each direction, so that
they do not contain the same set of warp and weft threads. Mark through one of the slots in
the template to give a line 12mm from the cut edge.
8. Place a line on the reverse of each sample indicating the warp/wales direction before taking
from the main piece.
9. Fold the specimens in half, face to face. Sew a 12mm seam parallel to the fold along the marked
line.
10. Turn the 4 specimens face outwards.
11. Trim all specimens at each end to give a finished length of 113mm.
12. Mount the specimens onto the polyurethane tubes as follows:-

Collapse the tube onto the 2 pronged jig.

Push the metal sleeve over at least three quarters of the tube.
Slide the specimen over the metal sleeve and partially onto the exposed part of the tube,
ensuring that the seam is open.
Leave approximately 12mm of tube uncovered by fabric, to allow the tape to secure the fabric
 to the tube.
Hold the specimen whilst pulling off the metal sleeve. This action will release the tube from the
jig (the specimen should fit firmly onto the tube so there is no movement of fabric on the tube
during the test).
Apply the PVC tape around each end of the specimen, so that it is fixed to the tube and leaves
6mm of tube exposed.
The tape is wrapped around the tube at least one and a half times

Conditioning

Condition the samples for a minimum of 4 hours in an atmosphere of 20 + 2°C and 65 + 4% RH.

Test Procedure

a) Before commencing the test, clean the inside of each box with the soft brush/vacuum cleaner to
remove fluff and debris from the previous test.

b) Place the 4 prepared test specimens in the same pilling box. Close and secure the lid.

c) Tumble the tubes in the box for the number of revolutions as per the performance standard.

d) Remove the samples from the box.

There are 3 elements of the test which cause the fabric to pill.

i) The 6mm of polyurethane left exposed at the end of each tube, rubbing against the fabric.
ii) The cork liners rubbing against the fabric.
iii) The fabric rubbing against itself.
Assessment of the specimens

-The assessment has to be done with 3 trained persons independently; as result take the

average of all 9 grading.
- The assessment has to be done in the light box
- For the assessment the pilled specimen is not fixed, it has to be looked in every angle by
rotating the specimen to assess the extremest condition (angle, which shows the most pilling).