National Textile University

BSc. Textile Engineering

Garments Manufacturing

Experiment No: 09
To Determine color fastness to Rubbing.

Course Code: GM-4043

Course Title: Garments testing and Quality control
Semester: 7th
Submitted by: Muhammad Hamza
Registration number: 18-NTU-0106
Date of Assignment submission: 25 January 2022

Abstract:
 In this experiment we can determine color fastness
to rubbing of fabric in dry and wet condition. The resistance of
colorizing matters of the substrate towards chemical, physical,
influence and other agencies of daily use expression of fastness.
When colorfastness is measured against rubbing them .It is
known as color fastness to rubbing resistance to color fastness
against rubbing. Dry rubbing color fastness refers to the
situation of fading and staining of dyed fabric when rubbed
with a standard white cloth. Wet rubbing color fastness refers
to the situation of fading and staining of dyed fabric when
rubbed with a standard white cloth which water content is 95%
to 105%. The evaluation of Rubbing color fastness depends on
the degree of staining of white cloth. After testing, the white
cloth is compared to staining sample cards to measure staining
fastness. Rubbing color fastness, same as washing color
fastness, divide into 5 grades and 9 files, among which grade 5
is the best and grade 1 is the worst. Wet rubbing is influenced
by both external force and water, so it is about one level lower
than dry rubbing.

 Introduction:
 1.Objectives:
The basic purpose of this experiment is to
determine color fastness to fabric in dry and wet conditions.

2.Theory:
 Sample Preparation
If tested sample is fabric or carpet, you must prepare two
groups of samples with no less than 50mm*200mm, and each
group contains two samples. One group is the length direction
of samples is paralleled to warp yarn, used to dry rubbing and
wet rubbing in warp direction; the other is the longitudinal
direction of samples is paralleled to weft yarn, used to dry
rubbing and wet rubbing in weft direction.
If the sample is multicolor, you should choose sample’s position
carefully and let every color rubbing. If the area of each color is
large enough, you must take all samples.

If tested sample is yarn, you have to weave it as a fabric and

ensure its size in no less than 50mm*200mm; or yarn is winded
parallel in a paperboard whose size is same as tested sample.

 Operating Procedure
 Rubbing cloth should adopt cotton semi-finished fabrics
which have been desized, scoured, bleached and do not
contain any finishing agent. Tested sample is fixed on
bottom floor of tester by clamping device, and its length
direction is in accordance with movement direction of
tester. Dry rubbing cloth is fixed on friction head of tester,
and the warp direction of it is in accordance with movement
direction of friction head. Press Start Switch, reciprocating
rub for 10 times in 10s (reciprocating movement is 100mm,
vertical pressure is 9N), then take the dry rubbing cloth off.
Taking another rubbing cloth, and rolling it on rolling fluid
device after soaked in cool water, to make moisture content
controlled in 95% to 105%.To do the above operation of dry
rubbing cloth repeatedly. When rubbing is finished, dry it at
room temperature. Using gray cards evaluating staining to
measure the staining fastness of above dry and wet rubbing
cloths.

 Equipment and materials:

 Crock meter
 Distilled water
 Sample
 Crocking scale
 Grey scale
 Emery paper
 Fabric Samples.
 Results
 Discussion:
Crock meter:
Crock meter is mainly used to test color fastness of
textiles, especially printed fabrics to dry or wet rubbing. The
device is highly efficient and produces precise results.

All the parts of machine is suitable on a base. A standing

device is contacted with base. There is an emery paper on
the base to support the sample on pinned specimen holder
is used on the emery paper to base the sample. At the right
side of the standing device. Operating handle is situated at
the left side a finger arm is placed a loading unit is situated
on the finger arm lower of the finger arm a danger is
attracted. There is spring is used to hole the crocking cloth.
Color fastness testing is an initial & fundamental but important
test for the fabric manufacturers and garments or finish
product manufacturers. According to buyer requirement the
color fastness have to be the range 4-5 & 5 of grey scale. So
color fastness should be that range for improving the quality of
the manufacturer. After the entire customer always interact by
the color of product. So it’s a major & important factor for
textile testing & quality control.

 Conclusion:
The color fastness to rubbing of textiles uses water-resistant
sandpaper as the medium for fixing samples. With the
increasing frequency of use, the repeated rubbing between
the friction head and the water-resistant sandpaper reduces
the friction resistance of the water-resistant sandpaper, thus
making the fixing effect show a decreasing effect. Therefore,
it is not ideal to use water-resistant sandpaper. Color
fastness to rubbing of textiles using water-resistant
sandpaper medium will cause different shades of color
staining of the same rubbing cloth during rubbing.
Therefore, the above two conditions have certain influence
on the evaluation of color fastness to rubbing of textiles.
Therefore from the above experiment we can easily
understand the importance of the experiment in the field of
textile quality control. We want to establish us as a qualified
professional skilled manpower of this sector for that we
practice this experiment in textile testing & quality control
lab.