1.

Tổ ng Quan
a. Liệu pháp Cấy Chỉ là gì?
Liệu phá p cấ y chỉ (Thread-embedding Therapy – TEA) là phương phá p cấ y cá c vậ t liệu hấ p thụ sinh họ c
và o cá c vị trí khá c nhau trên cơ thể (huyệt đạ o hoặ c khô ng phả i huyệt) để tạ o ra kích thích trong 1 thờ i
gian nhấ t định. Sự ra đờ i củ a TEA giố ng như độ ng lự c thú c đẩ y, ngà y cà ng có nhiều nhà Khoa họ c Nghiên
cứ u về lĩnh vự c nà y, giú p Nền Y Họ c Cổ Truyền đến gầ n vớ i con ngườ i hơn và ngà y cà ng đạ t đượ c nhiều
thà nh tự u to lớ n.

Hình: Minh họ a cho liệu phá p Cấ y Chỉ

b. Động lực nào đã thúc đẩy sự ra đời của TEA?

 Lưu kim đã từ ng đượ c đề cậ p trong "Huang Di Nei Jing " (Nộ i kinh hoà ng đế), đề cậ p đến việc giữ
kim bên trong huyệt để tă ng cườ ng cả m giá c kim và kéo dà i sự kích thích khi khí đến. Lưu kim có
chứ c nă ng điều hò a và phụ c hồ i khí, đặ c biệt trong điều trị mộ t số bệnh mã n tính. Việc để lâ u có thể
kéo dà i hiệu quả châ m cứ u nhưng đồ ng thờ i có thể gâ y bấ t tiện và nguy hiểm (ví dụ như gã y kim)
cho ngườ i bệnh.
 Và o nhữ ng nă m 1960, đã xuấ t hiện mộ t phương phá p điều trị bằ ng cá ch cấ y cá c vậ t liệu có thể hấ p
thụ (ví dụ như catgut) thay thế cho kim lưu và o huyệt, phương phá p nà y có tá c dụ ng giữ kích thích
lâ u dà i và cũ ng trá nh đượ c nguy cơ củ a việc lưu kim. Phương phá p nà y sau đó đượ c gọ i là liệu
phá p cấ y chỉ (Thread-embedding Therapy – TEA) và o huyệt.. Trong nhữ ng nă m gầ n đâ y, bằ ng cá ch
khô ng ngừ ng cả i tiến thiết bị và vậ t liệu cấ y, phương phá p nà y đã dầ n phá t triển thà nh liệu phá p
cấ y chỉ vi xâ m lấ n (Micro-invasive Thread- Embedding Therapy). [1].
 Quá trình tá i khá m liên tụ c trong quá trình điều trị và cả giá c sợ kim củ a ngườ i bệnh cũ ng là mộ t
trong nhữ ng lý do để cá c nhà Nghiên Cứ u tìm ra phương phá p thay thế hiệu quả và tiện lợ i hơn.

c. TEA hoạ t độ ng như thế nà o?

Cấ y chỉ là mộ t dạ ng châ m cứ u đặ c biệt, bằ ng cá ch đưa cá c sợ i chỉ y tế và o da, mô dướ i da hoặ c cơ tạ i cá c
điểm cụ thể [2]. Y họ c cổ truyền đã sử dụ ng liệu phá p cấ y Catgut để điều trị mộ t số bệnh như đau cơ
xương, béo phì, mà y đay mã n tính, hộ i chứ ng tiền mã n kinh, rố i loạ n thầ n kinh trầ m cả m và cá c bệnh khá c
[3]. Mặ c dù liệu phá p cấ y chỉ Catgut và o huyệt đượ c coi là mộ t phương phá p điều trị xâ m lấ n theo quan
điểm củ a y họ c phương Tâ y, nhưng nó đã thu hú t đượ c sự chú ý đá ng kể củ a cá c bá c sĩ YHCT do hoạ t độ ng
dễ dà ng và kích thích bền, và đã đượ c sử dụ ng rộ ng rã i trong nhữ ng nă m gầ n đâ y.
Sợ i chỉ chô n và o huyệt có thể tạ o ra kích thích dai dẳ ng, trên cơ sở lự a chọ n vậ t liệu và huyệt theo  m -
Dương, nhằ m mụ c đích điều hò a, khơi thô ng kinh mạ ch, bồ i đắ p chính khí, tiêu trừ tà khí. Nó có tá c dụ ng
kép, đó là nhanh chó ng và liên tụ c đố i vớ i cá c bệnh mã n tính. Nó là sự kết hợ p củ a nhiều liệu phá p (bấ m
huyệt, châ m cứ u, châ m chích, tá c độ ng sau chấ n thương mô , lưu kim).
Cườ ng độ kích thích sẽ thay đổ i theo thờ i gian và cá c loạ i kim và chỉ khâ u đặ c biệt có thể tạ o ra hiệu quả
mạ nh hơn so vớ i châ m cứ u thô ng thườ ng về kiểm soá t tư tưở ng (shen) để tạ o điều kiện thuậ n lợ i cho lưu
thô ng Khí và kinh mạ ch để điều hò a khí và má u [4].
Tá c dụ ng củ a liệu phá p cấ y catgut và o huyệt trong Tâ y Y tương tự như phương phá p châ m cứ u bằ ng tay.
Nó cung cấ p cả kích thích vậ t lý và hó a họ c [5, 6]. Chỉ phẫ u thuậ t có thể hấ p thụ , mộ t protein lạ , có thể gâ y
ra cá c phả n ứ ng dị ứ ng và tá c độ ng kết hợ p củ a cá c enzym phâ n giả i protein và hoạ t độ ng củ a đạ i thự c
bà o chố ng lạ i chỉ phẫ u thuậ t có thể hấ p thụ , có thể tă ng cườ ng và kéo dà i kích thích huyệt trong 15–20
ngà y, do hậ u quả củ a kích ứ ng nhẹ ở mô dướ i da, mộ t kích thích sinh lý mạ nh mẽ và dai dẳ ng hơn đượ c
tạ o ra bở i chỉ khâ u tạ i lỗ huyệt [6].
Liệu phá p cấ y chỉ cả i thiện sự trao đổ i chấ t dinh dưỡ ng củ a cơ thể và thú c đẩ y tuầ n hoà n má u [4]. Thiết kế
và chấ t liệu là m thiết bị ngà y cà ng đượ c nâ ng cao, do đó , phương phá p nà y có thể đượ c á p dụ ng tạ i phò ng
khá m mộ t cá ch an toà n, thuậ n tiện và ít đau hơn cho bệnh nhâ n [1].

d. Kim củ a Phương phá p Cấ y chỉ

Bằ ng cá ch sử dụ ng kim cấ y chuyên dụ ng dù ng mộ t lầ n, thao tá c cấ y chỉ vi xâ m lấ n có thể đượ c thự c hiện
nhanh chó ng và thuậ n tiện trong sự vậ n hà nh củ a thiết bị tiêm. Kim cấ y có tay cầ m để giữ và cho phép
đưa kim và o nhanh chó ng chỉ bằ ng tay. Lò xo cơ họ c đả m bả o việc nhú ng chỉ thà nh cô ng. Cá c vạ ch trên
thâ n kim giú p bạ n dễ dà ng kiểm soá t độ sâ u đưa kim và o (Hình 1).
Toà n bộ hoạ t độ ng chỉ mấ t 5-10 phú t, vì chỉ cầ n giữ lạ i chỉ mà khô ng cầ n kim. Sự kích thích do sợ i chỉ
dượ c giữ lạ i tạ o ra có thể kéo dà i trong 1-2 tuầ n hoặ c lâ u hơn (tù y và o vị trí và vậ t liệu sợ i), ngườ i bệnh có
thể vậ n độ ng thoả i má i mà khô ng ả nh hưở ng gì đến tính mạ ng.

Hình 1. Mộ t loạ i kim cấ y chỉ.

Tuy nhiên, trong thiết bị cấ y chỉ thô ng thườ ng, có mộ t số nhượ c điểm sau:
- buồ ng tiêm đưa và o cơ khá dà y và cứ ng, do đó khó có thể uố n cong phầ n cuố i củ a kim để dễ đưa
và o cơ.
- Do sử dụ ng lự c đẩ y nên có thể xả y ra trườ ng hợ p sợ i chỉ khô ng đượ c đưa hoà n toà n và o cơ. Má u
chả y ra nhiều và cầ m má u có thể khô ng tố t, và do sợ i chỉ bị hở , phả i cắ t bằ ng kéo hoặ c rú t ra nên
có thể bị nhiễm trù ng lầ n thứ hai.
- Ngoà i ra, để đề phò ng sự cố như vậ y, sau khi di chuyển sợ i phả i luồ n ngậ p kim để đả m bả o sợ i chỉ
đã nằ m gọ n hoà n toà n và o trong dễ gâ y ra cả m giá c khó chịu cho ngườ i bệnh.
 - Chưa kể hiện nay, cá c quy định về Phương phá p Bả o Quả n và vô khuẩ n đố i vớ i cá c thiết bị khâ u Y
tế vẫ n đang đượ c nghiên cứ u, vì thế, có thể có nhiều thiết bị đượ c đó ng gó i và bả o quả n chưa đả m
bả o chấ t lượ ng nhưng vẫ n đượ c buô n bá n và sử dụ ng. Điều nà y vô cù ng nguy hiểm.

Hiểu đượ c nhữ ng bấ t lợ i đó , Dr Smart Lift đã khô ng ngừ ng tìm kiếm và sá ng tạ o ra cá c sả n phẩ m và
phương phá p khắ c phụ c chú ng. Vớ i thiết bị sử dụ ng cô ng nghệ đú c laser khép kín và tích hợ p tia hồ ng
ngoạ i xa, kim cấ y chỉ độ c quyền dà nh riêng cho Cấ y Chỉ đã đượ c ra mắ t trên thị trườ ng và đượ c rấ t nhiều
bá c sĩ thử nghiệm và cả m nhậ n sự tố i ưu củ a nó . Khô ng chỉ thế, mộ t phương phá p sử dụ ng linh hoạ t giữ a
kim và chỉ cho cá c mụ c đích Y tế khá c nhau cũ ng ra đờ i theo đó .

Như đã biết, yếu tố hồ ng ngoạ i có trong thiết bị thô ng thườ ng chỉ là m cho da và cơ trở nên mềm mạ i bằ ng
cá ch sử dụ ng hiệu ứ ng nhiệt củ a á nh sá ng hồ ng ngoạ i, chứ chưa tậ n dụ ng hiệu quả cá c tá c độ ng khá c nhau
củ a á nh sá ng hồ ng ngoạ i. Tia hồ ng ngoạ i (hay tia hồ ng ngoạ i xa) kích hoạ t tế bà o bằ ng cá ch kích thích cá c
nguyên tử , phâ n tử và tế bà o củ a cơ thể đến trạ ng thá i kích thích, loạ i bỏ cá c gố c tự do sinh ra trong cơ thể
do ô nhiễm mô i trườ ng và phá vỡ liên kết đô i củ a cá c axit béo khô ng no. Nó cũ ng có tá c dụ ng trung hò a
cá c mô bị axit hó a do viêm thà nh kiềm, và đặ c biệt, nó cò n giú p lưu thô ng má u, sinh nhiệt, ngă n chặ n lã o
hó a, tự là m sạ ch, …, trung hò a và cộ ng hưở ng từ … Ngoà i ra, chú ng cò n đượ c coi như 1 kênh dẫ n, giú p dẫ n
truyền thuố c hoặ c cá c dượ c liệu Thủ y châ m hay cá c chấ t dinh dưỡ ng đượ c thẩ m thấ u qua da tố t hơn.
Do đó , nếu bả n thâ n kim siêu mả nh kết hợ p chỉ khâ u dướ i tá c độ ng củ a tia hồ ng ngoạ i, nó có thể mang lạ i
hiệu quả cao hơn,

Hình: Mô phỏ ng kim cấ y 25Gx70mm chuyên dụ ng dù ng riêng cho cấ y chỉ củ a Dr.Smart Lift Co.,ltd

Như hình ả nh trên đâ y, có thể thấ y loạ i kim mả nh 25Gx70mm nà y củ a Dr Smart Lift vớ i đặ c điểm
 - Rấ t mềm mạ i nhưng cũ ng đủ chắ c chắ n, hoà n toà n có thể dễ dà ng uố n cong khi điều hướ ng mà
khô ng lo bị gã y kim. Kích thướ c củ a kim cấ y chỉ thẩ m mỹ 29-31G quá mả nh để đi và o đú ng điểm và
có thể bị gã y kim nếu dù ng lự c mạ nh hơn.
- Đặ c biệt vớ i kích thướ c dà i đến 70mm và mũ i kim vá t sắ c bén, nó có thể sử dụ ng cho Cấ y Chỉ xuyên
huyệt và cả nhữ ng huyệt ở sâ u mà cá c kim cấ y thô ng thườ ng khô ng thể vớ i tớ i đượ c.
- So vớ i cá c loạ i kim cấ y có cù ng chiều dà i khá c, câ y kim nà y gó p phầ n là m giả m cả m giá c khó chịu
cho bệnh nhâ n do đườ ng kinh nhỏ hơn (kim vá t 70mm trên thị trườ ng chủ yếu là 23G).
- Sả n xuấ t theo quy trình đặ c biệt để tố i ưu hiệu quả . Quy trình sả n xuấ t kim và cá c tá c dụ ng củ a kim
nà y đã đượ c Hà n Quô c chứ ng nhậ n bằ ng sá ng chế số 1017392.

Kim nà y có thể dụ ng cho cá c loạ i chỉ khâ u có kích thướ c USP 4-0 hoặ c nhỏ hơn. Vậ y đố i vớ i cá c loạ i chỉ có
USP lớ n hơn và cù ng cấ y rộ ng hơn (ví dụ cấ y chỉ giả m béo) thì sao? Phương phá p sử dụ ng chú ng như thế
nà o? Cù ng theo dõ i phầ n tiếp ngay sau đâ y.

Mộ t loạ i kim chuyên dụ ng thứ hai trong bộ kim cấ y chỉ thô ng minh củ a Dr.Smart Lift, cũ ng đượ c sả n xuấ t
theo quy trình như mô tả ở trên, đó là Fatty Cannula – chuyên dù ng cho dả m béo và tạ o hình cơ thể.
Ngoà i sử dụ ng cấ y chỉ như mộ t biện phá p thay thế lưu kim, thì cá c bá c sỹ cũ ng tậ n dụ ng cá c kỹ thuậ t nà y
như mộ t phương phá p phâ n giả i mỡ (tiếng anh là Lypolysis). [7;8]
Ưu điểm:
- Kim dà i 23Gx90mm, chịu lự c tố t, để có thể xuyên qua lớ p cơ bụ ng, đầ u kim tù nên cầ n 1 câ y kim
nhọ n để tạ o đườ ng và o.
- Cá c sợ i chỉ từ USP 3-0 trở lên đều có thể dù ng đượ c.
- Kết hợ p vớ i tá c dụ ng tạ o nhiệt và thú c dẩ y tuầ n hoà n củ a tia Hồ ng ngoạ i xa là m tá c dụ ng giả m mỡ
trở nên nhanh chó ng hơn.
- Thiết bị kim kết hợ p vớ i Phương phá p cấ y chỉ Độ c quyền củ a Dr Smart Lift vớ i sá ng kiến củ a Bs
Phương Mai, hiện đang là kĩ thuậ t đỉnh cao củ a Quy trình giả m béo xâ m lấ n tố i thiểu.

e. Chỉ củ a phương phá p cấ y chỉ

Bệnh nhâ n cầ n đượ c thô ng bá o về cơn đau tạ i chỗ trong khi mổ và phả n ứ ng sau mổ . Sau khi chèn, có thể
xả y ra cá c phả n ứ ng như:
a) da cụ c bộ sẽ có biểu hiện đỏ , sưng, nó ng và đau do phả n ứ ng vô trù ng;
b) tụ má u có thể xả y ra do chấ n thương kim và chỉ;
c) phả n ứ ng chung vớ i số t khoả ng 380C trong 4-24h, hoặ c thậ m chí số t cao dai dẳ ng [37].
Châ m cứ u nhú ng chỉ là mộ t loạ i phụ mớ i củ a điều trị châ m cứ u đượ c phá t triển từ liệu phá p nhú ng catgut
[35]. Cá c vậ t liệu phâ n hủ y sinh họ c khá c nhau đã đượ c phá t triển và sử dụ ng rộ ng rã i. Chú ng đượ c chia
thà nh loạ i tự nhiên và loạ i tổ ng hợ p theo nguồ n nguyên liệu. Cả hai phương phá p nà y đều có ưu điểm và
nhượ c điểm [41]. Ví dụ , vậ t liệu đắ p tự nhiên khô ng đắ t và phong phú , nhưng nó cũ ng dễ dẫ n đến phả n
ứ ng nhiễm trù ng do tính tương thích sinh họ c kém. Do đó , nó có rủ i ro á p dụ ng cao hơn do chấ t lượ ng
khô ng ổ n định [42]. Ngượ c lạ i, vậ t liệu nhú ng tổ ng hợ p, chẳ ng hạ n như axit polyglycolic [43] và axit
polylactic [44], cung cấ p khả nă ng phâ n hủ y sinh họ c và tương thích sinh họ c tuyệt vờ i, và có đặ c tính ổ n
định trong suố t thờ i gian cấ y ghép. Nhưng tính hú t nướ c kém và tính kết dính tế bà o, kích thướ c lớ n
khô ng thể trá nh khỏ i để tạ o ra tá c dụ ng lâ u dà i đã ả nh hưở ng phầ n lớ n đến hiệu quả điều trị củ a chú ng
trong ứ ng dụ ng lâ m sà ng [45, 46]. Có mộ t số yếu tố khô ng chắ c chắ n, bao gồ m tố c độ kéo sợ i, nhiệt độ kéo
và tỷ lệ kéo că ng, ả nh hưở ng đến cá c hà nh vi nén trong quá trình chuẩ n bị củ a việc nhú ng đơn sợ i và o
huyệt [47]. Ngoà i ra, việc nhú ng cá c sợ i đơn tính và o huyệt cứ ng nhắ c sẽ kích thích mô dướ i da củ a cơ thể
ngườ i, dẫ n đến cả m giá c đau đớ n hơn cho bệnh nhâ n khi á p dụ ng lâ m sà ng. Ngượ c lạ i, việc nhú ng đơn
chấ t và o lỗ huyệt mềm có thể dẫ n đến khó khă n trong thao tá c nhú ng [48]. Tuy nhiên, vẫ n cò n thiếu cá c
nghiên cứ u tương đố i và mộ t tiêu chuẩ n thố ng nhấ t cho mộ t phương phá p kiểm tra cá c hà nh vi nén
monofilament [49]. Cá c vậ t liệu nhú ng lý tưở ng đượ c yêu cầ u phả i cung cấ p cá c đặ c tính như an toà n,
khô ng độ c hạ i, tương thích sinh họ c tố t và khả nă ng hấ p thụ [50, 51]. Đặ c tính khá ng khuẩ n rấ t cầ n thiết
trong việc ngă n ngừ a nhiễm trù ng [52, 53]. Ngoà i ra, vậ t liệu nhú ng phả i cung cấ p đủ cá c đặ c tính cơ họ c
để cấ y và o cơ thể và hỗ trợ mô thầ n kinh ngoạ i vi [54]. Thô ng qua hà nh vi trương nở tố t, chú ng có thể tạ o
ra đủ mứ c độ kích thích in vivo, nhưng vẫ n giữ đượ c kích thướ c tương đố i nhỏ trong ố ng nghiệm và trá nh
đượ c chấ n thương đá ng kể [55]. Tính ưa nướ c thuậ n lợ i cũ ng rấ t quan trọ ng đố i vớ i vậ t liệu nhú ng để kết
dính cá c tế bà o và hoạ t độ ng tố t trong cơ thể ngườ i [56]
Trích dẫ n
1. Sun WS. Micro-invasive thread-embedding therapy. ShangHai Zhen Jiu Za Zhi, 2010, 29(1): 65.
2. Shin HJ, Lee DJ, Kwon K, et al. The success of thread-embedding therapy in generating hair re-growth in mice
points to its possibly having a similar effect in humans. J Pharmacopuncture. 2015;18(4):20-5.
3. Huang CY, Choong MY, Li TS. Treatment of obesity by catgut embedding: an evidence-based systematic analysis.
Acupunct Med. 2012;30(3):233-4.
4. Xu Y, Cai J, Liang L, Chen G, Xu X. The application of nanotechnology in acupoint catgut embedding therapy.
Mater Sci Forum. 2011;694:68-72.
5. Lee KH, Lee DH, Kwon KR, et al. A literary study on embedding therapy. J Pharmacopuncture.
2003;6:15-21.
6. Guo Y, Fang JQ, Wang RH, Kong LH, Chen RX, Lin YP, et al. Experimental Acup-Moxibustion Science. 3rd ed.
Beijing: China Traditional Chinese Medicine Press; 2012. p. 169-171.
7. Guo TP, Ren YL, Kou J, et. al. Acupoint Catgut Embedding for Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-
Analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/401914
8. Sheng JL, el. at. The Effectiveness of Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy for Abdominal Obesity: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019,
12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9714313
9.
Chapter four 第四章 Internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine 中医内科学

2  Internal medicine of TCM a clinical subject the diagnosis and treatment the diseases and disorders the viscera
the human body TCM theory The basis of various clinical sciences.

3  The endogenous diseases –caused by endogenous pathogenic factors, such as phlegm, blood stasis and food,
etc The exogenous diseases –caused by invasion of exogenous cold, wind, heat,damp,etc. The internal diseases

4  The endogenous diseases The pathogenesis is always limited to the dysfunction of zang-ru organs, disturbance
in the production and distribution of qi, blood and body fluid, and the dysfunction of meridian system. The
physiological function of zang-ru organs decide the pathological manifestations.

5  The heart dominates blood and vessels rules the spirit; diseases such as palpitation, mania, insomnia, chest pain
and dreamy belong to the heart system.

6  The procedure and principles of diagnosis and treatment of internal diseases in TCM The four diagnostic
methods Inspection Auscultation and olfaction Inquire; interrogation Palpation and pulse-taking

7  To identify the nature and location of a disease Pathogenic factor Anti- Pathogenic factor The imbalance of yin
and yang Syndrome differentiation Deficiency Excess Cold Heat Exterior Interior Draw an outline of a disease
Design the general therapeutic principle

8  To infer the cause and judge the pathogenesis of a disease Refine the diagnosis and syndrome differentiation
Patients’ complaints The results of diagnostic methods, laboratory tests, and from the time, the season, the
environment and climate.

9  To design the therapeutic principle and method The result of syndrome differentiation A cough liver fire invading
the lung clearing away liver fire and lowering the adverse rising lung qi

10  To choose drugs and formulate a prescription The base syndrome therapeutic principles the herbs A traditional
prescription

11  Syndrome patterns of the lung 肺系病证 Colds Common cold “shangfeng” 普通感冒 Influenza “shixingganmao”
流行感冒 Wind-cold type Wind-heat type Summer-heat and dampness type
1  TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE
--- WHEN EAST MEETS WESTQIONG DI WU, MSc, BSc, LICACU, TCMCITUNG-CHI TRADITIONAL
CHINESEHEALTH CENTRE

2  TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE (TCM)

Simplified Chinese: 中医学 Traditional Chinese: 中醫學 Pin Yin: zhōng yī xué

3  TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

HISTORY OFTRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

4  Several Thousand Years

TCMSeveral Thousand YearsMODERN MEDICINESeveral Hundred Years

5  Huang-di Nei-jing (Canon of Medicine): Suwen and Lingshu

The earlist medical classic in ChinaCompiled between 500 – 300 B.C.Summary of the medical experience and
theoretical knowledge including yin-yang, the five elements, zang-fu, meridians (channels and collaterals), qi (vital
energy) and blood, etiology, pathology, dignostic methods, differentiation of syndromes,As well as basic knowledge
of acupuncture points and needling methods

6  TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

PRACTICES OFTRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

7  MODERN MEDICINE Internal Medicine Surgery Immunod Radiotherapy

Chemotherapy

8  1. Chinese Herbal Medicine 中药 2. Acupuncture and Moxibustion 針灸

CuppingGua Sha 刮痧 3. Chinese Massage – Tui Na 推拿 Die-da or Tieh Ta – 跌打

9  TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

THE BASIC THEORIES OFTRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

10  MODERN MEDICINE Anatomy Biology Physiology Biochemistry Immunology

MicrobiologyGeneticsPathologyRadiology

11  Yin-Yang TheoryThe Five ElementsZang-Fu TheroryMeridians (Channels and Collaterals)Qi, Blood, and Body
Fluid

12  THE THEORIES OF YIN-YANG

AND FIVE ELEMENTSThe theories of yin-yang and the five elements were two kinds of outlook on nature in ancient
ChinaChinese ancient physicians applied these two theories in traditional Chinese medicine, which have guided
clinical practice up to the present

13  YIN-YANG THEORYThe theory yin-yang holds that the every subject or phenomenon in the universe consists
of two opposite sepects, namely, yin and yangYinFemaleFootAbdomenInternalZang organsSubstancesXu
(deficiency)YangMaleHeadBackExternalFu organsFunctionsShi (excess)

14  THE FIVE ELEMENTS Wood Liver Fire Heart Water Kidney Metal Lung Earth
Inter-promotingMetalLungEarthSpleenInter-acting

15  (CHANNELS AND COLLATERALS)

MERIDIANS(CHANNELS AND COLLATERALS)The body's vital energy, qi, circulates through the body along
specific interconnected channels called Meridians (Jing-luo 经络)There are 12 regular channels and 8 extra
channels, which connect 400 acupuncture points
16  The twelve regular channels
Hand or footYin or yangA zang or a fu organThe spleen channel of foot-taiyinThe small intestine channel of hand-
taiyang

17  ZANG FU THEORYSix zang organs: heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and pericardiumTo manufacture and
store essential substances including vital essence, qi (vital energy), blood, and body fluidSix fu organs: small
intestine, gall bladder, stomach, large intestine, urinary bladder, and sanjiaoTo receive and digest food, absorb
nutrient substances, transmit and excrete wastes

18  ZANG FU THEORYEach zang organ is linked with a fu organ by a channel, a situation known as external-
internal relationHeart - Small intestineLiver - Gall bladderSpleen - StomachLung - Large intestineKidney – Urinary
bladderPericardium - Sanjiao

19  ZANG FU THEORYEach zang organ opens into a sense organ, indicating a close structural or physiological
and pathological relationship between the internal organs and the sense organsHeart – TongueLiver – EyeSpleen –
MouthLung – NoseKidney - Ear

20  THE ZANG ORGANSHeartControlling blood and vessels (blood circulation and nourishment of the whole
body)Housing mind (governing mental activities, i.e. spirit, consciousness, thinking, and sleep)Opening into the
tongue: the tongue is the mirror of the heart (colour, form, motility, and sense of taste of the tongue)

21  Liver Storing blood (regulating the volume of circulating blood)

Maintaining patency for the flow of qi (promoting functional activities of the human body including all other zang-fu
organs, and regulating emotional activities, especially depression and anger)Controlling the tendons (the yin and
blood of the liver nourish the tendons)Opening into the eye

22  SpleenGoverning transportation and transformation (digestion, absorption, and transmission of essential

substances, and normal functioning of the spleen is required for good appetite)Controlling blood (keeping blood
circulating inside the vessels and preventing it from extravasation)Dominating the muscles (maintaining muscle
thickness and strength)Opening into the mouth

23  LungDminating qi (air) and controlling respiration (inhaling clean qi to supply the body’s functions and exhaling
waste qi)Regulating water passages (promoting water metabolism by turning one part of the body fluid into sweat to
be excreted, also sending other part of the body fluid down to the kidney to be excreted as urine)Dominating the
skin and hair (regulating the opening and closing of the pores on the entire body surface)Opening into the nose

24  KidneyStoring essence and dominating reproduction, growth and development (essence in the kidney - the yin
of the kidney, either inherited from the parents or acquired from the essential substances of food)Producing marrow,
dominating the bones, and manufacturing bloodDominating water metablism (one part of the bod fluid sent down by
lung is divided by the yang function of the kidney into clear and turbid parts)Opening into the ear

25  QI, BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDQi, blood, and body fluid are fundamental substances in the human body to
sustain normal vital activitiesQi, blood, and body fluid, together with the zang-fu organs and the meridians (channels
and collaterals), constitute the theoretical basis of human physiology in traditional Chinese medicine

26  Qi Qi is involved in physiology, pathology, and clinical treatment

Qi implies both substances and function:clean qi, waste qi, and qi from essence of food are material qithe qi of the
zang organs, and the qi of meridians are functional qiSource qi (yuang-qi) – the qi of the kidneyEssential qi (zong-qi)
– nourishing the heart and lungDefensive qi (wei-qi) – defending the body against exogenous etiological factors

27  BloodBlood is constituted of nutrient qi, body fluid, and essence of the kidney, and its formation requires the co-
ordination of the zang organs including spleen, kidney, heart, and lungBlood and qi are closely related. Clinically, xu
(deficiency) of qi often leads to xu (deficiency) of blood, and xu (deficiency) of blood, in turn, often results in xu
(deficiency) of qi
28  TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
THE ETIOLOGY OFTRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

29  ETIOLOGY Six Exogenous Factors Seven Emotional Factors

Wind, Cold, Summer heat, Damp, Dryness, and Heat (fire, mild heat)Seven Emotional FactorsJoy, Anger,
Melancholy, Meditation, Grief, Fear, and Fright

30  TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

THE DIAGNOSIS OFTRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

31  Standard Laboratory Tests

MODERN MEDICINEPhysical ExaminationStandard Laboratory TestsSpecial Examinations

32  METHODS OF DIAGNOSISInspection (wàng 望)Smelling (wén 聞)Inquiring (wèn 問)Palpation (qiè 切)

33  Observation of the tongue

Tongue properPale - xu in qi and blood, or cold syndrome due to weaknee of yang qiRed - heat syndrome of either
shi (excess) or xu due to consumption of yinDeep red - xu due to exhausted yinPurplish – stagnation of qi and
bloodFlabby – larger than normal and whitish, xu in bth qi and yangCrached – xu of yin and loss of the essnce of the
kidney

34  Tongue coating (thin or thick, sticky or dry)

White – thick white coating indicates retention of food (xu in spleen), white sticky coating invasion of cold
dampYellow – yellow sticky coating indicates accumulation of damp-heat in the interior; dry yellow coating indicates
accumulation of heat (damage to the yin)Peeled (geographic tongue) – long illness and gross xu (deficiency) in the
yin

35  Observation of the tongue proper is to differentiate xu (deficiency) or shi (excess) state of the zang-fu organs,
qi, blood, and body fluidWhereas observation of the tongue coating is to judge the condition of pathogenic factors

36  PALPATION - RADIAL ARTERY PULSE

37  Abnormal pulse Superficial pulse Deep pulse Slow pulse Rapid pulse
Pulse of the xu (deficiency) typePulse of the shi (excess) typeWiry pulseRolling pulseThready pulseShort
pulseKnotted pulseIntermittent pulseLong clinical experience is required to correctly identify the different types of
pulse

38  DIFFERENTIATION OF SYNDROMES BY TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

39  MODERN MEDICINE According to the causes

According to the systems or organs involvedAccording to the degrees or the properties of the diseases

40  DIFFERENTIATION OF SYNDROMES
Traditional Chinese Medicine differentiates syndromessystematically in three waysAccording to the eight
principlesAccording to the theory of zang-fuAccording to the theory of meridians (channels and collaterals)Each of
these three lays stress on a particular aspect,at the same time connecting with and supplementing one another

41  EIGHT PRINCIPLES Exterior vs Interior – the depth of the disease

Cold vs Heat – nature of the diseaseXu (deficiency) vs Shi (Excess) – the opposing force in the struggle between
the anti-pathogenic and the pathogenic factorsYin vs Yang – the categories of the disease

42  Exterior vs Interior – the depth of the disease

Exterior syndromes are mild and superficialInterior syndromes are mostly severe and deep, with damage of the
zang-fu organs
43  Cold vs Heat – nature of the disease
Diseases caused by pathogenic cold and damp are mostly cold syndromesDiseases caused by heat, summer heat
and dryness are mostly heat syndromes

44  Xu (deficiency) vs Shi (excess) – the opposing force in the struggle between the anti-pathogenic and the
pathogenic factorsSyndromes of xu type indicate function of the body is weak, the anti-pathogenic factor is
insufficient and the co-ordination of yin and yang is impairedTreatment – reinforcing (bu)Syndromes of shi type
indicate body function is not to the point of impairment and the anti-pathogenic factor is still sufficientTreatment –
reducing (xie)

45  Yin vs Yang – the categories of the disease

Yin and Yang are the chief principles among eightYin category – interior syndromes, cold syndromes and
syndromes of the xu (deficiency) typeYang category – exterior syndromes, heat syndromes and syndromes of the
shi (excess) type

46  THE THEORY OF ZANG FU To identify visceral diseases:

Syndromes of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and pericardiumSyndromes of the small intestine, gall bladder,
stomach, large intestine, and urinary bladder

47  THE THEORY OF MERIDIANS (CHANNELS AND COLLATERLS)

Differentiation of diseases on the basis of the physiology of meridians gives direct guidance to clinical therapy by
acupuncture and moxibustion

48  PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT BY TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

49  TCMTreats HumansMODERN MEDICINETreats Diseases

50  The human body is endowed with the ability to resist the invasion of different pathogenic factors. This ability is
called anti-pathogenic qi (factor)Traditional Chinese medicine attaches the great importance to the anti-pathogenic
factorFor example, well-balanced human bodies can resist most everyday bacteria and viruses, which are
ubiquitous and quickly changing. Infection, while having a proximal cause of a microorganism, would have an
underlying cause of an imbalance of some kind. The traditional Chinese medicine would target the imbalance, not
the infectious microorganism

51  Equilibrium of yin and yang - Healthy

Preponderance of yin consumes yang(Cold syndrome of the shi type)Preponderance of yang consumes yin(Heat
syndrome of the shi type)Weakness of yang causes preponderanceof yin (Cold syndrome of the xu type)Weakness
of yin causes preponderanceof yang (Heat syndrome of the xu type)
1  Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dr. Leon Chen, L.Ac.,O.M.D.

2  Origin of Traditional Chinese Medicine Recorded history over 4,000 years old earliest books on the foundation of
TCM, originating as early as 1000 B.C. Huang Di Nei Jing or “Yellow Emperors Classic of Medicine”

3  Taoist Philosophy TCM derived from Taoist philosophy belief that human experience is affected by causative
principles in the environment principles, correlate to fate as decreed by heaven BaGua

4  Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine originally handed down only through personal apprenticeship now
25 major colleges of TCM totaling about 20,000 students in each school at any given time courses range from
undergraduate to the doctoral, in both Western medicine and TCM

5  International Status of TCM Asia - most countries use the TCM methods of acupuncture and moxibustion Europe-
used regularly U.S. - developing from the coasts inward, recently reaching into the Midwest

6  Basic Characteristics of Chinese Medicine Zheng Ti Guan Nian :Theory of Holism central idea in TCM bears
directly on preventing and treating diseases emphasis on harmony Two main components: 1. the human body is
regarded as a single, integrated unit 2. special attention paid to integration and interaction between human body
and the environment

7  TCM: Attention to Body and Nature t he human body is an organic whole components complement one another,
functionally and pathologically changes of nature constantly influence the human body For Example: Seasonal
variations of the pulse: pulse in spring is somewhat taut like a string; in summer, somewhat full; in autumn,
somewhat floating or superficial; in winter, somewhat deep

8  Methods of Treatment Acupuncture Herbs Tui Na

9  How does TCM work? Vital energy called Qi is the life force that drives all living things. Qi flows through
meridians (also called channels) in the body similar to water flowing in a river. Twelve primary meridians, each
associated with an organ system Disease occurs with imbalance, resulting in excess of deficient amounts of Qi in
the meridians. TCM works to alleviate this imbalance and restore harmony

10  How does Acupuncture work? points are located throughout the body and act as gateways to influence,
redirect, increase or decrease the vital “substance” of Qi corrects imbalances that cause disease research programs
have been conducted towards understanding the mechanism of acupuncture with impressive results.

11  Ancient Acupuncture: Nine needles

12  About Chinese Herbs important component of TCM herbal formulas are as effective now as they were more
then 4,000 years ago when they were first introduced formulas contain 2 - 18 different types of herbs used to treat a
wide variety of symptoms while stimulating the body’s natural healing process not addictive, powerful nutritional
agents

13  Chinese Herb Leaves

14  What is Tui Na? relatively new to the western world combines the work of massage therapy, chiropractic and
TCM establishes a more harmonious flow of Qi throughout the system of channels and collaterals, allowing the body
to naturally heal itself. Tui Na encompasses three techniques 1. Massage to treat the soft tissue (muscles and
tendons of the body 2. Acupressure to affect the flow of the Qi 3. Adjustments for realignment

15  Tui Na Hand Positions

16  TCM Broad Range of Treatments AsthmaAllergiesCold/Flu Cough/BronchitisHeadachesTMJ
TinnitusArthritisOsteoporosis Back/neck acheSciaticaPain Mgmt InfertilityDepressionStress AddictionsSkin
diseasesFibromyalgia PMSRhinitisVision HemilplegiaSexual dysfunction High blood pressure StrokeHigh
CholesterolInjuries TraumaChildren's Diseases Frozen Shoulder

17  Bian Zheng Lun Zhi Bian Zheng : the way TCM recognizes and analyzes diseases Lun zhi : the way TCM
formulates a definitive therapeutic program proper therapeutic program. For example, at the early stage of a
disease, the patient may experience fever and chills, no sweating, headache, general body aching, no thirst, thin
whitish coating of the tongue, superficial and tense pulse, etc. “Exterior syndrome of Wind and Cold” Treatment:
employ diaphoretics of a pungent and hot nature.

18  Main Concept of TCM: Yin Yang Theory that everything in the universe contains the two aspects of Yin and
Yang, which are in opposition and also in unison.They are polar opposites inherent and discernable in everything,
and are never absolute. Yang qualities: dynamic, external, upward, ascending, brilliant, progressive, hyperactive,
superficial, heat, light, open, energy Yin qualities: static, internal, downward, descending, dull, retrogressive,
hypoactive, dark wet, cold, matter

19  Wu Xing: Five Phases ( elements ) originally a philosophical theory in ancient China, later adapted to medical
practice, becoming an important part of TCM theory universal interdependence of all things and events used to
explain and expand a series of medical problems by comparing with and deducing from mutual relationships

20  Two Examples of Relationships Between Phases: Xiang Ke ( inter- inhibition, or control ) : wood inhibits earth,
earth inhibits water, water inhibits fire, fire inhibits metal, and metal inhibits wood Xiang Sheng ( inter-generation ):
wood generates fire, fire generates earth, earth generates metal, metal generates water, and water generates wood

21  passages through which Qi ( energy ) and blood circulate connect the Viscera with the limbs, connect the upper
and lower parts with the interior and exterior of the body, and regulate the mechanisms of the various parts of the
body include the jing-mai ( the channels or meridians ) and luo-mai ( the collateral channels ); it is specifically
through these structures that the human body becomes an an organic whole no objective proof as to the actual
existence of Jing and Luo. However, the channels have long been confirmed through clinical usage, and they are
also confirmable subjectively Jing Luo (Channels or Meridians) and Their Collaterals

22  Distribution of the 14 meridians of the hand and foot

23  Zang Fu Viscera Internal organs, viscera: in TCM emphasis is laid on the physiological functions of an organ
rather than on its anatomical structure. 1. WuZang ( the five parenchymatous organs) : heart, liver, spleen, lung and
kidney. According to TCM, these terms may either refer to the actual organs, or chiefly to the external reflections of
their functional activities and pathologic processes. Hence, each of them has their own intrinsic characteristics. 2.
LiuFu ( the six hollow organs ): gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, urinary bladder and triple
heater

24  Zang Fu Relationship with the Vital Substances of the Body The Zang Fu ensure the proper making of,
maintenance, replenishment, movement, and transformation of the vital substances of the body. Heart governs
blood Liver stores blood &regulates the movement of Qi Lungs govern Qi & disperse & descend body fluids Spleen
transforms and transports Gu (food) Qi, holds blood in the vessels, and influences body fluids Kidneys store
essence and influence body fluids

25  Zang Fu Relationships with Tissues There are energetic/functional relationships between organs and their
corresponding tissue, therefore the health of tissues can be seen through the health of the corresponding Zang Fu.
Heart controls blood vessels and shows its health on the facial complexion Liver controls the sinews (tendons) and
shows its health on the nails Lungs control the skin and show their health on the body hair Spleen controls the
muscles and shows its health on the lips Kidneys control the bones and show their health on the hair on the head
26  Zang Fu Relationships to the Sensory Organs The health and wellness of sensory organs rely on the care and
nourishment of its corresponding Zang Fu. Heart controls the tongue and taste Liver controls the eyes and sight
Lungs control the nose and smell Spleen controls the mouth and taste Kidneys control the ears and hearing

27  Zang Fu Relationships with the Emotions Q i, the basis for all physiological activities of the body is also
responsible for the emotional processes utmost importance in TCM medical theory health of the Zang Fu organs will
effect the emotions, and the emotions will effect the health of the Zang Fu organs – especially when they are
excessive and occur for long periods of time treatment of organs therefore helps emotional health, and treatment of
emotions can improve health of internal organs Liver relates to anger - Heart relates to Joy - Liver relates to anger -
Lungs relate to sadness & worry - Spleen relates to pensiveness, over thinking or obsessive ness, and worry -
Kidneys relate to fear

28  Zang Fu Relationships to Climate and Environment Different climactic factors effect different Zang Fu organ
functions. Excessive weather conditions for prolonged periods of time can adversely effect internal organ processes.
Heart is effected by heat -Liver is effected by wind - Lungs are effected by dryness - Spleen is effected by
dampness - Kidneys are effected by cold

29  Etiology and Pathogenesis In TCM there are 14 categories of etiological factors: Liu Yin: six excessive (or
untimely) atmospheric influences. Wind, cold, summer heat, dampness, dryness, and fire Qi Qing: seven emotions.
Overjoyed, anger, melancholy, anxiety, sorrow, fear and fright. The emotions are considered to be endogenous
factors causing diseases if in excess Injury: which includes acute and chronic

30  For Example Over joy makes Qi makes heart sluggish ( e.g. unable to concentrate the mind ) Anger impairs the
liver: rage causes the Qi of Liver to flow adversely upward, causing a stuffy feeling in the chest, headache and
redness of eyes may occur. Anxiety impairs the spleen: anxiety makes the Qi of spleen depressed, often resulting in
indigestion. Sorrow impairs the lung: sorrow consumes the Qi of lung. Fear impairs the kidney: fear causes the Qi of
the kidney to sink, and as a result, incontinence of urine and stool and seminal discharge may occur. Fright impairs
the heart: fright make the Qi of the heart disturbed, resulting in palpitation, restlessness, and even mania.

31  Methods of Diagnosis Si Zhen 1.Smelling (olfaction) 2.Listening (auscultation ) 3.Looking ( inspection ) 4.Asking
5.Pulse taking 6.Palpation Ba Gang eight guiding principles, or eight parameters for diagnosis 1-2 Yin and Yang 3-4
exterior and interior 5-6 cold and heat 7-8 deficiency and excessiveness

32  About Dr. Chen Degrees Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, O.M.D., 1985 in LanZhou, China
Current Position Director, East West Healing Center O.M.D., L.Ac. Licensed for Acupuncture and Bodywork in the
United States Previous Positions July 2002 - Full Professor of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Gansu
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China 1998-2002 - Associate Professor of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Hospital of Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China 1999-2002 - Supervisor for Master Students in
Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China 1991-1997 - Chief
Doctor and Departmental Head, Gansu Province LanZhou Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology
Hospital in China 1989-1990 - Team doctor, Gansu Province wrestling team in China 1986-1989 – Resident, Gansu
Province LanZhou Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital in China

33  About Dr. Chen (cont.) Book Publications 1.Chief Editor, Clinical Orthopedic Diagnostic Methods – A Practical
Guidebook, Gansu Province People Publisher, 2001 2.Chief Editor, Chinese TuiNa Technique, LanZhou University
Press, 2002 3. Editor, Scientific Dictionary of Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatlogy, Chinese Medicine Press, 2001
4. Editor, Joint Dislocation and Sprain Injury, LanZhou University Press, 2000 Editor, Modern Traditional Chinese
Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Press, 2004 23 professional journal publications 6 Chinese national awards 1
Chinese herbal formula patent

35  Thank You For more information about TCM please visit our website at www.eastwesthealingcenter.net Phone:
630-916-0781
Presentation on theme: "Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine"—
Presentation transcript:
1  Overview of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Dr. Leon ChenEast West Healing Center

2  Origin of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine,”TCM” has a recorded history dating back over 4,000 years in China. The “Huang Di
Nei Jing” or “Yellow Emperors Classic of Medicine” is one of earliest books on the foundation of TCM, originating as
early as 1000 B.C.

3  Taoist PhilosophyTCM is derived from Taoist philosophy, and reflects the classical Chinese belief that individual
human experiences express causative principles effective in the environment at all scales. These causative
principles, whether material, essential, or spiritual, correlate as the expression of the fates as decreed by heaven.
BaGua

4  Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Chinese medicine was originally handed down only through personal apprenticeship. Right now China has 25 major
colleges of TCM, totaling about 20,000 students in each school at any given time. There are courses ranging from
undergraduate to the doctoral, in both Western medicine and TCM.

5  International State of TCM

Most countries in Asia use the TCM methods of acupuncture and moxibustion, especially in Japan, South Korea,
Malaysia, Singapore, ect. In Europe, it is also used regularly. For instance, France, Germany, and England fully
recognize its therapeutic value, and there is no predjudice regarding its scientific legitimacy.In the U.S. however, its
permeation into the culture has developed from the grass roots up, and from the coasts inward, and only recently
reaching into the Midwest.

6  Basic Characteristics of Chinese Medicine

Zheng Ti Guan Nian (The theory of holism ) :is a central idea in TCM, and bears directly on preventing andtreating
diseases. It has two main components:1. The human body is regarded as a single, integrated unit, with special
emphasis on the harmonious and constant interaction between the Viscera and the superficial structures, as well as
their mutual [potential] pathologic influence. Therefore, in TCM the local pathologic changes are always considered
in conjunction with the other tissues and organs of the entire body, and never in isolation.2. Special attention is paid
to the integration and interaction of the human body with the external environment. The onset, the evolution, and the
changes of a disease are considered in conjunction with the climactic, geographic, social and other environmental
factors, rather than considering the disease as an isolated incident.

7  TCM: Attention to Body and Nature

The human body is an organic whole, its parts are inalienable, and each component of the human body are
coordinated, and complement one another both in their optimal functioning, and in their influence on each other
pathologically. The changes of nature constantly influences the human body at all times, and they are in fact part of
what moves mankind through history. This organic,holistic conception is one of China's ancient legacy to us.
Embodied in TCM thought- It runs through physiology , pathology, diagnostics, and all respects of treatment etc…
For Example:  Seasonal variations of the pulse: The physiological changes of pulse according to the changes of the
four seasons. The pulse in spring is somewhat taut like a string; in summer, somewhat full; in autumn, somewhat
floating or superficial; in winter, somewhat deep.

8  Bian Zheng Lun ZhiPlanning Treatment According to Pattern Differentiation: In TCM, ”Bian Zheng” means that
the patient’s symptoms and signs are analyzed and summarized in order to identify the etiology, the location of the
lesion, the pathologic changes and the body condition, etc. Lun zhi means that a proper therapeutic program is
determined according to the result of the diagnosis. “Bian zheng” is the way TCM recognizes and analyzes
diseases; while Lunzhi, refers to the formulation of a definitive therapeutic program. For example, at the early stage
of a disease, the patient may experience fever and chills, no sweating, headache, general body aching, no thirst,
thin whitish coating of the tongue, superficial and tense pulse, etc. These symptoms and signs may be differentiated
as the “Exterior syndrome of Wind and Cold” according to TCM. “Exterior” as opposed to Interior diseases,” Wind”,
as opposed to “Stagnation”, and “Cold” as opposed to “Hot”.The therapeutic principle of relieving such symptoms is
to employ diaphoretics of a pungent and hot nature. This is the general principle of “planning treatment according to
pattern differentiation (or discrimination).”

9  Main Content of TCM: Yin Yang

Originally, it was a philosophical/metaphysical theory of ancient China. Later on, it was incorporated into medical
practice and became an important constituent of the theory of TCM. This theory holds that everything in the universe
contains the two aspects of Yin and Yang, which are in opposition and also in unison.They are polar opposites
discernable in everything, and are never absolute- the ascription of either property always depends on the relative
context that each exist in. Hence, all things events,etc., have, as part of their existence a continuous tension and
balance between each polarity. This tension, balance, and opposition, are exactly what impels objects in the
universe to develop and to change. They represent not only two different matters in opposition but two opposite
aspects in the same entity. In TCM, they are used to summarize and explain the problems in the fields of anatomy,
physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, etc.The words are best understood by way of qualitative example:
dynamic, external, upward, ascending, brilliant, progressive, hyperactive, superficial, heat, light, open, energy,
pertain to Yang. Those qualities which are static, internal, downward, descending, dull, retrogressive, hypoactive,
dark wet, cold, matter, pertain to Yin.

10  Wu Xing: Five Phases (elements)

Originally it was a philosophical theory in ancient China. Later, it was adapted to medical practice, becoming an
important part of the theory of TCM. It relates the properties of the Five Phases ( which,by the way, include: water,
wood, fire, earth, metal) to universallyinterdependent and mutually restraining relationships of all things and all
events. It played a definitive role in the development of TCM.Wu Xing ( the Five Phases). The ancient thought that
the five kinds of materials: metal, wood, water, fire,and earth were the indispensable and most fundamental
elements constituting the Universe. They manifested enhancing, inhibiting and restraining relationships among each
other. They were also in constant motion and change. In TCM, they are used to explain and expand a series of
medical problems by comparing with and deducing from such properties, mutual relationships.

11  Two examples of relationships between Phases:

Xiang Sheng ( inter-generation ): refers to promoting and accelerating aspects of the mutual generation of objects
according to the theory of five elements, i.e., wood generates fire, fire generates earth, earth generates metal, metal
generates water, and water generates wood.Xiang Ke ( inter- inhibition, or control ) : refers to the restraining and
controlling relationships among objects according to the theory of the five phases, i.e., wood inhibiting earth, earth
inhibiting water, water inhibiting fire, fire inhibiting metal, and metal inhibiting wood.

12  Jing Luo ( Channels, or Meridians, and their collaterals )

These are the passages through which Qi ( energy ) and Blood circulate, they connect the Viscera with the limbs,
connect the upper and lower parts with the interior and exterior of the body, and regulate the mechanisms of the
various parts of the body. They include the jing-mai ( the channels or meridians ) and luo-mai ( the collateral
channels ); it is specifically through these structures that the human body becomes an an organic whole. Up to now,
there has been no objective proof as to the actual existence of Jing and Luo. However, the channels have long been
confirmed through clinical useage, and they are also confirmable subjectively. Jing Mai ( the channels ) : the vertical
trunk-lines of the JingLuo system which connect the viscera and have the functions to transport Qi and blood, so as
to correlate various parts of the body. The Jing Mai have fourteen channels.Luo Mai ( the collateral channels ):
Branches of the channels of the JingLuo system, which further detail connections between the various parts of
body. The Luo Mai have fifteen collateral channels.

13  Distribution of the 14 meridians of the hand and foot

14  Zang Fu ( Viscera )Internal organs, viscera: in TCM emphasis is laid on the physiological functions of an organ
rather than on its anatomical structure.1. WuZang ( the five parenchymatous organs) : heart, liver, spleen, lung and
kidney. According to TCM, these terms may either refer to the actual organs, or chiefly to the external reflections of
their functional activities and pathologic processes. Hence, each of them has their own intrinsic characteristics.2.
LiuFu ( the six hollow organs ): gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, urinary bladder and triple
heater.
15  Zang Fu relationship with the vital substances of the body
The Zang Fu ensure the proper making of, maintenance, replenishment, movement, and transformation of the vital
substances of the body.Heart governs bloodLiver stores blood &regulates the movement of QiLungs govern Qi &
disperse & descend body fluidsSpleen transforms and transports Gu (food) Qi, holds blood in the vessels, and
influences body fluidsKidneys store Essence and influence body fluids

16  Zang Fu Relationships with Tissues

There are energetic/functional relationships between organs and their corresponding tissue, therefore the health of
tissues can be seen through the health of the corresponding Zang Fu.Heart controls blood vessels and shows its
health on the facial complexionLiver controls the sinews (tendons) and shows its health on the nailsLungs control
the skin and show their health on the body hairSpleen controls the muscles and shows its health on the lipsKidneys
control the bones and show their health on the hair on the head

17  Zang Fu Relationships to the Sensory Organs

The health and wellness of sensory organs rely on the care and nourishment of its corresponding Zang Fu.Heart
controls the tongue and tasteLiver controls the eyes and sightLungs control the nose and smellSpleen controls the
mouth and tasteKidneys control the ears and hearing

18  Zang Fu relationships with the emotions

Qi, the basis for all physiological activities of the body is also responsible for the emotional processes. This notion of
the emotions being directly linked to Zang Fu functioning as an integral whole is of utmost importance to Traditional
Chinese medical theory. The health of the Zang Fu organs will effect the emotions, and the emotions will effect the
health of the Zang Fu organs – especially when they are excessive and occur for long periods of time. Treatment of
organs therefore can help emotional health, and the treatment of emotions can improve the health of internal
organs. This list of correspondences is, of course,a translation, and other possible choices and lists are
possible:Heart relates to joyLiver relates to angerLungs relate to sadness & worrySpleen relates to pensiveness,
overthinking or obsessiveness, and worryKidneys relate to fear

19  Zang Fu relationships to climate and environment

Different climactic factors effect different Zang Fu organ functions. Excessive weather conditions for prolonged
periods of time can adversely effect internal organ processes.Heart is effected by heatLiver is effected by
windLungs are effected by drynessSpleen is effected by dampnessKidneys are effected by cold

20  Etiology and pathogenesis

In TCM there are ? categories of etiological factors:Liu Yin: six excessive (or untimely) atmospheric influences.
Wind, cold, summer heat, dampness, dryness, and fireQi Qing: seven emotions. Over Joy, anger, melancholy,
anxiety, sorrow, fear and fright. The emotions are considered to be endogenous factors causing diseases if in
excessInjury: which includes acute and chronic

21  Excessive joy impairs the heart:

Over joy make Qi of heart sluggish ( e.g. unable to concentrate the mind )Anger impairs the liver: rage causes the Qi
of Liver to flow adversely upward, causing a stuffy feeling in the chest, headache and redness of eyes may
occur.Anxiety impairs the spleen: anxiety makes the Qi of spleen depressed, often resulting in indigestion.Sorrow
impairs the lung: sorrow consumes the Qi of lung.Fear impairs the kidney: fear causes the Qi of the kidney to sink,
and as a result, incontinence of urine and stool and seminal discharge may occur.Fright impairs the heart: fright
make the Qi of the heart disturbed, resulting in palpitation, restlessness, and even mania.

22  Method of TCM to diagnose

·  Si Zhen: six methods of diagnosis. Looking ( inspection ). Listening (auscultation ), smelling (olfaction), asking
(interrogation), pulse taking and palpation.  Looking: examination by eye, including inspection of complexion, facial
expression, behaviors, body surface, tongue, excreta and secretions. Listening ( auscultation): listening to the
patient’s voice, sounds of breath and cough, etc. Smelling (olfaction): smelling of odor, secretion and excretion of
the patient , as a reference for diagnosis. Asking ( interrogation): questioning the patient regarding their
condition. Pulse taking: feeling the pulse. The diagnostic method used where a physician touches and compresses
the patient’s radial pulse proximal to the carpal joints, so as to assess its changes. Palpation: touch patient’s skin to
know patient’s swelling and pain.  ·     Ba Gang: eight guiding principles, or eight parameters for diagnosis are Yin
and Yang, exterior and interior, cold and heat, deficiency and excessiveness.

23  acupuncture, herbs, Tui Na.

Method of TreatmentThe main method that Chinese medicine treats are theacupuncture, herbs, Tui Na.

24  How does TCM work?TCM recognized the vital energy called Qi as the life force that drives all living things. Qi
flows through meridians (also called channels) in the body similar to water flowing in a river. There are twelve
primary meridians, each associated with an organ system. Disease occurs with imbalance, resulting in excess of
deficient amounts of Qi in the meridians. TCM works to alleviate this imbalance and restore harmony using
acupunture and herbs.

25  How does Acupuncture work?

Acpuncture points are located throughout the body and act as gateways to influence, redirect, increase or decrease
the vital “substance” of Qi, thus correcting imbalances that cause disease. Thin, solid, sterile, stainless steel
acpuncture needles are inserted into acupuncture points to mobilize energy (Qi) flow and invigorate the proper
function of muscles, nerves, vessels, glands and organs. Most patients do not feel the needles during treatment.
Many western based research programs have been conducted towards understanding the mechanism of
acupuncture with impressive results. Acupuncture is quickly becomin known as a very important healing modality or
many diseases.

26  Ancient Acupuncture: Nine needles

27  About Chinese HerbsHerbs are an important component of TCM used in the prevention and treatment of
disease. Ancient Chinese herbal formulas are as effective now as they were more then 4,000 years ago when they
were first introduced. The formulas contain two to eighteen different types of herbes and are used to treat a wide
variety of symptoms while stimulating the body’s natural healing process. Herves are not addictive, but are powerful
nutritional agents. Balance is the key to using herbal nutrients for healing. As with other natural therapies, there is
sometimes a “healing crisis” known as the “Law of Cure.” Sometimes you will seem to get worse before you get
better.

28  Chinese Herb Leaves

29  What is Tui Na?Tui Na is relatively new to the western world and combines the work of massage therapy,
chiropractic and TCM. Tui Na is Oriental bodywork therapy that uses the TCM theory of the flow of Qi through the
meridians as its basic therapeutic orientation. Through the application of massage and manipulation techniques Tui
Na seeks to establish a more harmonious flow of Qi throught the system of channels and collaterals, allowing the
body to naturally heal itself.Tui Na encompasses three techniques 1) Massage to treat the soft tissue (muscles and
tendons of the body. 2) Acupressure to affect the flow of the Qi and 3) Adjustments to realign the musculoskeletal
and ligamentous relationships and spine subluxations to restore the body’s normal functions.

30  Tui Na Hand Positions

31  TCM Broad Range of Treatments

AsthmaAllergiesCold/FluCough/BronchitisHeadachesTMJTinnitusArthritisOsteoporosisBack/neck acheSciaticaPain
MgmtInfertilityDepressionStressAddictionsSkin diseasesFibromyalgiaPMSRhinitisVisionHemilplegiaSexual
dysfunctionHigh blood pressureStrokeHigh CholesterolInjuriesTraumaChildren's DiseasesFrozen Shoulder

32  About Dr. ChenDegreesGansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, O.M.D., 1985 in LanZhou, China
Current PositionDirector, East West Healing CenterO.M.D., L.Ac. Licensed for Acupuncture and Bodywork in the
United States Previous PositionsJuly Full Professor of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Gansu College of
Traditional Chinese Medicine in China  Associate Professor of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Gansu
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China Supervisor for Master Students in Chinese Orthopedics and
Traumatology, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China Chief Doctor and Departmental Head,
Gansu Province LanZhou Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital in China Team doctor, Gansu
Province wrestling team in China – Resident, Gansu Province LanZhou Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and
Traumatology Hospital in China

33  About Dr. Chen (cont.) 6 Chinese national awards

Book Publications1. Chief Editor, Clinical Orthopedic Diagnostic Methods – A Practical Guidebook, Gansu Province
People Publisher, 2001  2. Chief Editor, Chinese Reduction Manipulation for Bone-setting, LanZhou University
Press, 2002 3.       Editor, Scientific Dictionary of Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatlogy, Chinese Medicine Press,
4.       Editor, Joint Dislocation and Sprain Injury, LanZhou University Press, 2000 Editor, Modern Traditional
Chinese Orthopedics, Chinese Medicine Press, 200421 professional journal publications6 Chinese national
awards1 Chinese herbal formula patent

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