American International University Bangladesh

Portfolio Tasks
Course: English Writing Skills and Communication

Submitted by
Name: Tripti Ahmed
ID: 20-42960-1

Dept.: CSE, Section: S

 Portfolio: 1

Page: 28

1. The findings generally suggest that.. may be the production rate decrease in recent times.
2. Table 1 indicates the price of books increase remarkably in recent times.
3. The study showed that the performance of students increase significantly in recent time.
4. It was found that women and child trafficking increase rapidly over the last two years.
5. The study showed that the production rate fall unexpectedly over the last two years.
6. Table 1 indicates the population growth rise rapidly in the country.
7. The findings generally suggest that may be the visitors to the Sunderbans noticeably with the
skills.
8. The study showed that the number of private TV channels increase over the last two years.
9. The findings generally suggest that may be the participation of women fall remarkably in recent
times.
10. The findings generally suggest that may be his fame correlate significantly with the skills.
11. Table 1 indicates the number of private TV channels decline steadily.
12. The findings generally suggest that may be the participation of women dramatically.
13. Table 1 indicates the performance of the students clearly.
14. The study showed that... The visitors to the Sunderban decline.
15. Table 1 indicates the performance of the students decline.
16. The findings generally suggest that... May be the GDP correlate.
17. It was found that his fame increase rapidly over the last two.
18. The findings generally suggest that.. the production rate may be fall insignificantly recent times.
19. The GDP fall unexpectedly over the last two years.
20. Table 1 indicates his fame insignificantly.
21. The study showed that... the production rate decline with the skills.
22. It was found that the population growth drop considerably over the last two years.
23. The number of private TV channels increase substantially with the skills.
24. Table 1 indicates that population growth will rise enormously and recent times.
 Portfolio: 2
Page: 59

❖ It is prominence that the e-commerce is increasing tremendously and has been so much
popular. Buying or selling products through online is known as e-commerce. The
benefits and the security of e-commerce are making people more conscious about the
products. Instead of the method of payment in hand to hand, mobile phone companies
are using e- commerce for bill payment. As well as ATM is provided by bank and
debit/credit cards are provided by shopping mall authority. “I don’t like taking cash
while going to shopping” was said by a woman from Chittagong. Through the e-
commerce the activities of the people from the sectors of education, public health and
taxation are conducted.

Portfolio: 3
Page: 65

❖ Summary:

Team effort is better than learning alone. It is a developing way to work with a group and it
social not complicated or isolated. Others opinions will sharpen your brain to understand a new
thing.

❖ Paraphrase:

To enhance the learning skill it is most effective to work with a group. To get the benefit of
collaboration like good work and good learning team work is must. If you work in a group it will
increase the involvement of participating in different kind of groups. Your brain will sharp when
you'll pay attention in others ideas and their response and it will also enhance your
understanding power.

Portfolio: 4
Page: 111

1. The topic of the essay is "Advantages and disadvantages of public and private universities."
2. The writer makes comparison in many points as example

teaching and learning situation, technological achievement and many other facilities of both
public and private universities.

3. The writer used academic language to make comparison.

Portfolio: 5
Page-118

Compare the advantage and disadvantage of package holiday and independent travel :

Travelling is one of the part of human lives. It makes one mind joyous and helps them discover
new things and also learn. Travelling makes one’s monotonous live interesting and joyous. It
also shows the beauty of the mother-nature. In the past people used to travel for business and
research purposes. But now travelling is part of the entertainment. People now travel to make
their mind fresh and also

to see and learn about the places their travelling to. There are two types of travelling
independent travelling and another one is package holidays.
The advantages of package holidays are cost saving. The biggest advantage is cost saving. If we
try to book everything, starting from airfare to hotel room on our own, we will surely end up
spending unnecessarily. If we add the individual costs, the amount will be quite high, but if we
choose a holiday package the total amount, which would include cost of everything, would be
far lesser. The simple reason behind that is the company offering us the holiday package is much
more aware of the best airfares, hotel tariffs and rates of every other thing. The second reason
why a holiday package is better is zero headache. By choosing a holiday package, we actually get
rid of all activities, starting from booking flight tickets, checking out accommodation availability
at hotels and booking rooms.

Everything will be done on our behalf by the tour operator and would simply be paying the
charge. Another big advantage of tour packages is complete tour. It might be difficult for us
to complete all tourist spots at an unknown city or town. We might manage to make a complete
list but some spots may remain unvisited due to shortage of time. Holiday packages are
designed specially to cover all major spots in a place so that customers get best value for their
money. The last factor in favor of holiday packages is safe travelling. Companies that offer tour
packages are completely aware of situations in a particular place, the risks and the safe zones
and hence we can enjoy a safe holiday. By planning a trip on our own, we may fall in trouble at
an unknown place. On the other hand Independent travelling is all about own experience.
The more we travel — the more we see. There are several significant advantages of travelling
independently. Independent travresearc.

starts long before we actually get on a plane, a train or a bus. It starts with extensive research
and preparation, which is an essential part of this endeavor. Moreover, thorough preparation is
pretty much a guarantee of a successful trip. Thus, while researching certain country in order to
plan a route we will go over information about many of its sights and places of interest, well-
known and not so famous cities. There is no doubt that during the research we will also get
familiar with certain historical aspects and cultural details of that area. As a result, by the time
we have planned our travel path we will be well acquainted with the place we are heading to
and that will increase the overall quality of our voyage. Independent travelling has another
benefit of letting you have the schedule that fits our needs and the pace that suits us best. Last
but not the least important benefit of independent journeys is that we can save our money.
Indeed independent travelling when planned ahead can be cheaper.
As there are advantages there are some disadvantages too. When travelling alone sometimes
we do not have the economies of scale. Therefore, some elements of your trip will be more
expensive. Key amongst these is accommodation with the dreaded solo supplement. Cruises are
a big bone of contention amongst solo TAVELLER’S with many companies charging a steep
supplement for single occupancy of a cruise cabin. This is ridiculously unfair; for instance, one
person will not eat as much as two. With no-one to share the cost, private tours and taxis can be
prohibitively expensive. On the other hand the disadvantages of package holidays are poor
quality tour. Some tourism companies have a high fee for the customers but the quality is not
good enough. Sometimes, they have relationships with other restaurants so they will set up
the tours to get more money. Besides, you don’t choose the destinations

and activities of the tour so it is may be not suitable for you. In addition, for each season each
tour will be different because of the weather. Losing flexibility when travelling, normally, when
we are on the tour with at least 2 or more people we have to follow the strict schedule. Each
company has its own itinerary of tours so we have to stick with the pickup time, the destinations
and activities. When we feel tired and we want to relax for a while, it will affect the
other tourists.
Therefore, we have no choice but to continue the tour with an uncomfortable feeling.
SO, from the above description we can see that both independent travelling and package
holidays have their own advantages and disadvantages. But in the end it is a personal
preference how one likes to travel depending on their time, cost etc.
Moreover, people who loves to travel and has travelling experience prefers to travel alone. On
the other hand people who don’t have travelling experience it is better for them to have
package tour.

Reference: Theflashpacker.net, touradvisors.wordpress.com.

 Portfolio: 6
Task -1
Page-124

CHILD TRAFFICKING

Now-a-days child trafficking is the major problems of the country. Child trafficking is an illegal
link that demands cheap labour in areas where the working conditions are poor. Trafficked
children may be forced to indulge in dangerous or illegal activities, including domestic work,
sexual exploitation, slavery, forced into soldiers, and drug couriering. Child trafficking occurs
when children are taken away from safety and exploited. Children who are trafficked are often
forced into some form of work, used for sex or simply sold.

Trafficking is any part of the process from finding and recruiting children, to transporting and
receiving them. Men, women and children all over the world are victims of trafficking, but
children are particularly at risk. The International Labour Organization (ILO) says trafficking is
among “forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery” and should be eradicated as soon as
possible. Child trafficking is linked to demand for cheap labour, especially where the working
conditions are poor. Children may be forced into many dangerous and/or illegal situations,
including slavery, domestic labour, sexual exploitation or prostitution, drug couriering and/or
being turned into child soldiers. Children who are trafficked are exposed to many dangers such
as working in hazardous environments. Many are also denied the chance to reach their full
potential because they don’t get an education or have the freedom to make their own choices.
In disasters, conflicts and other humanitarian emergencies, children can become separated from
their families. Left without protection, they are easy prey for traffickers to exploit either by force
or with false promises. Talking about the specific issue of child trafficking during emergencies,
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said: “Human traffickers prey on the most
desperate and vulnerable. To end this inhumane practice, we must do more to shield migrants
and refugees (particularly young people, women and children) from those who would exploit
their yearnings for a better, safer and more dignified future." The ILO estimates that 21 million
people are trapped in forced labour or slavery. Of those, it says one in four are under the age of
18.The estimated number of children trafficked around the world is 5.5 million. They suffer
violence, exploitation and abuse - ending up in work, forced marriage, prostitution, begging and
armed recruitment. Every country in the world is affected by human trafficking, whether as a
victim’s original country, somewhere they travelled through or the destination. According to the
UN Office of Drugs and Crime's 2014 global report on trafficking, 62% of all people trafficked in
Africa and the Middle East are children. Other regional figures are 36% in South Asia, East Asia
and the Pacific, 31% in the Americas and 18% in Europe and Central Asia. Of all people trafficked
in 2011, 21% were girls, 12% boys, 49% women and 18% men. There are several global
initiatives working to tackle the issue. The ILO has a programme called the International
Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour that works with governments, charities and other
organisations to fight child trafficking. It helps to protect children at risk, enforce anti-trafficking
laws and assist victims in need. The UN Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking sees
organisations such as the ILO and UNICEF working together to eradicate child trafficking.
Its mission is to address the many factors that cause child trafficking. These include making
potential victims less vulnerable, ensuring protection to those who fall prey and catching and
prosecuting the criminals involved.An important part of tackling child trafficking is to make sure
there are safe spaces, such as schools, where children can be protected from harm. In times of
upheaval and crisis, education is a lifeline. Students in school can get safety information, adult
supervision and a higher chance of being identified and documented. Organisations such as
Theirworld are committed to helping provide children in crisis witwh education.

Task : 2

1.The Topic of the essay is, “Causes & Effects of Drug Addiction “.
2.The list of causes and effects of drug addiction is shown below :
Causes : Curiosity, peer pressure, Mental illness, Low self-esteem, Inability to deal with
life,personal pressure, Depression.
Effects : Physical hazards, mental hazard, Involve in criminal activists, Damaged immune
system, which increases susceptibility to infection, Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, Liver
overexertion or liver failure, Seizure and Strokes.
3. The words and phrases that the writer used has used to show the cause and effect
relationship is given below: At first the writer discussed about the cause of drug effect point by
point and discussed each point. Later the writer discussed about effect of drugs.
The phrases the writer used to show relationship between cause and effect are: Due to, as a
result, consequently, such as, because of, lead to, as a consequence of. These are the phases
that has been used by writer.

Portfolio: 7
Page-124

The topic of the essay is the cause and effect of drug addiction

02: The list of cause and effect of drug addiction is shown below:

Cause:
i) Curiosity
ii) Peer pressure
iii) Poor family environment
iv) Inability to deal with life
v) Poor discipline
vi) Negative pattern of communication
vii) Poor family bonding
viii) Personal pressure
ix) Instability in relationships with friends and family
x) Economic instability
xi) Depression
Effect:
i) Physical hazards
ii) Mental hazards
iii) Brain damage
iv) Lung damage
v) Heart diseases
vi) Depression
vii) Anxiety
viii) Mood fluctuation
ix) Socio-economic effects
x) Involve in criminal activities

03: The words and phrases that the writer used has used to show the cause and effect
relationship is given below: At first the writer discussed about the cause of drug effect point by
point and discussed each point. Later the writer discussed about effect of drugs.
The phrases the writer used to show relationship between cause and effect are: Due to, as a
result, consequently, such as, because of, lead to, as a consequence of. These are the
phases that has been used by writer.

Portfolio: 8
Page-130
CHILD MARRIAGE IN BANGLADESH

The practice of child marriage reflects deep-rooted norms and unequal status of girls in society
as females are often seen as financial burdens. It has decreased in the 30 years, but rather
slowly.
Poverty and low literacy are deciding factors, but evidence suggests that child marriage is
practiced across all backgrounds and social divides.
Over 50 per cent of Bangladeshi women who are now in their mid-20s were married before they
turned 18. Nearly 18 per cent were below 15 years of age.
Parents wield major influence in the marriage of their children in South Asian cultures.
Girls are usually burdened with maintaining their family’s honour. When a girl child reaches
puberty, parents worry about protecting her chastity.
It is a major barricade to stopping child marriage. Because parents who decide to marry off girl
children feel a real or perceived fear of sexual violence at onset of puberty, according to a
recent research.
But many married adolescents experience and accept physical and sexual violence. As many as
33 per cent of adolescent girls believe a husband is justified in hitting his wife.
The perception of girls choosing to begin sexual activity outside of marriage is also seen as a
threat to social norms. They are considered ‘stained’ for perceived compromise of ‘purity and
honour’.
However, the majority of population in Bangladesh do not believe marrying children is a form
of sexual violence. Adolescents who marry are therefore at the risk of early pregnancy
and negative health impacts.
Girls become more vulnerable to child marriage and trafficking in the context of natural
disasters caused by climate change, to which Bangladesh is highly prone.
Such norms are proven to eventually lead to compromises in terms of the survival development,
protection and participation of children, particularly girls.

❖ UNICEF interventions are designed to establish new norms of delaying age of marriage
for girls as part of a broader approach to changing social behaviour. UNICEF sets up
communication with communities, engaging with key decision makers and stakeholders
at every level.
❖ At the policy level, a National Plan of Action has been drafted by the government with
technical support from UNICEF and other development agencies. The plan is to provide
girl children the environment they need to grow and thrive

❖ At advocacy level, the issue of child marriage is steadily being integrated within
mainstream education, health, nutrition, protection and poverty reduction programmes.
At community level, UNICEF is in constant dialogue with adolescents, parents and
especially fathers who are critical to decisions over child marriage.

❖ Our work reaches out to caregivers of children in their extended family and community,
local and religious leaders as well as governmental representatives and frontline
workers.

❖ The methods for engaging with the people involve participatory theatre, community
dialogues, courtyard meetings, radio and TV drama serials and phone-in shows,
community declarations and others

There have also been efforts to create awareness and develop life skills, and push for girl’s
education through stipends, and empower girls to negotiate, prevent and report on child
marriage.
 UNICEF works to strengthen the child protection system so that laws for protecting girls from
child marriage and dowry find ways to be implemented. UNICEF supports establishment of basic
facilities such as separate toilets for girls in primary and secondary schools, besides facilities for
menstrual hygiene. Such interventions are proven to improve enrolment and attendance of girl
students, which in the long run delays the age of marriage.

UNICEF campaign against child marriage has been awarded for creativity and excellence. We are
currently working on creating alternatives to child marriage by providing further incentives to
families.

Reference:
➢ https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/en/ending-child-
marriage?fbclid=IwAR3kmvFkFj9H9CT8nb_UfjVjbOkDZMm6oNQu_AoEXVE93_Esn0u6VOJQLBY

Portfolio: 9

Page: 137

Argument paragraph :

Should student politics be banned?

It is said that education is the backbone of a nation and the students are its future. Student life
should be spent in study and interaction with all in order to gain knowledge and groom
oneself as an ideal human being. But at present the alarming fact is that student politics is
considered as a powerful weapon for the political parties in countries. As a result, students in
public universities become involved in atrocious party politics and indulge in illegal activities
like killing, tender and admission businesses and so on in the name of student
politics.Nowadays student politics is neither people oriented nor educational; rather it is
oriented toward personal interest and political gains. Student movements are not
directed towards the betterment of students, rather this is pursued as a tool to strengthen
party and individual position in the campus. Now-a-days, innocent students are bearing the
brunt of student politics as they are often the victim of untoward incidents, including death.
The regular students often sustain injury resulting from inter-party and intra-party student
clash. Often these injuries turn fatal and lead to death.It hampers the regular activities of
an educational institution as well as demoralizes the regular students. Student politics only
paves the way to become corrupt politicians. However, also offers solution to this problem by
citing ways of overcoming the confines of student politics, "At first students should be conscious
about their own rights and they should not respond to provocation by the political leaders or
organizations. Secondly, political leaders should not encourage students to join their
political organization and use them as their tool. The civil society, guardians, and the media of
our country should organize the students' and people's opinion against student politics."
Experts are worried about the deteriorating trend of student politics of our country. It is
important to bring student politics on the right track to produce honest and dedicated
leaders for the future. The educationists have said that the student politics on campus is not
contributing in any positive manner. There is brutality and violent clashes. Sick politics has
gripped the campuses. Extortion, tender manipulations and other unscrupulous activities are
being carried out in the name of student politics. Anyone expressing different opinions is
attacked. The people do not want to see such violence anymore.Universities should be the
hub of free expression, but instead the voices of the students are being muffled. This is true
of almost all universities and colleges in the country. The ruling party student leaders and
activities have become the muscle men used to assault any opposition. It is not as if
students will be unable to protest if there is no student politics. The students said that regular
student union elections at universities and colleges without political influence would bring
forward constructive student leadership.
pg. 21The educationists have said that the student politics on campus is not contributing
in any positive manner. There is brutality and violent clashes. Sick politics has gripped the
campuses. Extortion, tender manipulations and other unscrupulous activities are being carried
out in the name of student politics. Anyone expressing different opinions is attacked. The
people do not want to see such violence anymore. Thus, it is evident that banning student
politics is highly illogical and detrimental. But this does not mean that the current scenario
is ideal. An issue of grave concern is the hijacking of student politics by those who havelittle
regard for student’s issues and are concerned merely with using the platform as a launch pad to
a career in party politics. The increasing use of money and muscle power has resulted in
student politics becoming a proxy war between national parties.In recent years, no strong
leader has emerged from campus politics. We live an imperfect world, and we cannot
expect politics to be perfect either. However, if good people are willing and able to engage
at an equal footing with others, then a lot can be gained from student politics. There is a need
to ensure transparency and fairness in the election process. Securing a specified attendance
percentage should be made an eligibility criterion for students contesting campus elections. A
radical, but necessary,step would be de-linking political parties from their student
wings.Students of today are the future of tomorrow. The ideas and institutions they contribute
towards, will have a long-lasting impact on their lives. Banning
pg. 22student politics would be a horrifying injustice to future generations. Thus, the current
debate needs to shift its focus from how student politics can be dismissed, to how it can be
improved.Politics is very much needed in democracy, you know. But, it is we who have altered
the meaning of this word. And now, we the middle-class, most of the university students, most
of the young generation are totally set apart from that process. I think, it is our country and we
have to decide how to govern it. So, the main theme of my thinking is student politics is very
much needed for a most corrupted country like us, but that student politics shouldn’t be like
that which is going on now. Take it to its main theme, free it from all kinds of pressure,
make the environment free for anyone, encourage the young generation to think about
their country, these should be the way student politics should go on.