American International University

Bangladesh

Portfolio Tasks
Course: English Writing Skills and Communication

Submitted by
Name: Sadia Islam Niha.
ID: 20-42676-1
Dept.: CSE, Section: S

Submitted to
Amal Majumder
Assistant Professor, FASS
American International University Bangladesh

pg. 1
SL Task Page No

1 Task 1 3-4

2 Task 2 5

3 Task 3 6

4 Task 4 7

5 Task 5 8-11

6 Task 6 12-15

7 Task 7 16-18

8 Task 8 19-22

pg. 2
Portfolio Task: 1

Page:28

Choose items from each column and make appropriate sentences. Add and
modify any item if necessary.

1. The study showed that the performance of the students increases

significantly in recent times.
2. Table 1 indicates the price of books increase remarkably in recent times.
3. Table 1 indicates the population growth rise rapidly in the country.
4. The findings generally suggest that … may be the production rate decrease
in recent times.
5. It was found that his fame increase apparently.
6. It was found that woman and child trafficking increase rapidly over the last
two years.
7. The study showed that that the production rate falls unexpectedly correlate.
8. The findings generally suggest that … may be the visitors to the Sundarbans
noticeably with the skills.
9. Table 1 indicates the number of private TV channels decline steadily.
10.The study showed that … the number of private TV channels increase over
the last two years.
11.The findings generally suggest that …may be the participation of women fall
remarkably in recent times.
12.The findings generally suggest that … may be his fame correlate significantly
with the skills.
pg. 3
13.The GDP fall unexpectedly over the last two years.
14.The findings generally suggest that … the production rate maybe fall
insignificantly recent times.
15.Table 1 indicates his fame insignificantly.
16.The study showed that … the production rate decline with the skills.
17.The study showed that … the visitors to the Sundarbans decline in the recent
times.
18.The findings generally suggest that …may be the participation of women
dramatically.
19.Table 1 indicates the performance of the students clearly.
20.Table 1 indicates the performance of the student’s decline.
21.The findings generally suggest that …maybe the GDP correlate.
22.The production rate decrease rapidly over the last two years.
23.The number of private TV channels increase substantially with the skills.
24.It was found the population growth drop considerably over the last two
years.

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Portfolio task: 2

Page:59

 It is prominence that the e-commerce is increasing tremendously and

has been so much popular. Buying or selling products through online
is known as E-commerce. The benefit and the security of e-commerce
are making people more conscious about the products. Instead if the
method of payment in hand to hand, Mobile phone companies are
using e-commerce for bill payment. As well as ATM is provided by bank
and debit/credit cards are provided by shopping malls authority. “I
don’t like taking cash while going to shopping “was said by a woman
from Chittagong. Through the e-commerce the activities of people
from the sectors of education, public health and taxation are
conducted.

pg. 5
Portfolio task: 3

Page:65

Write a paraphrase and a summary of the given text, how to do well in

undergraduate study

 Paraphrase:

It is more pleasurable and affective when we learn together like a team rather than
a lonely race then learning is improved. Working with others mostly expands their
way of thinking and also learning. Proper learning is similar to proper work, is
community oriented and social, not serious and different. Sharing one’s own idea
and reacting to other’s responses make one’s thought more sharp and deep.

 Summary:

Basically the thing is for an undergraduate student, to enrich their knowledge it’s
more affective to be involved in groups rather than alone. By working in a team it
helps a student for more learning and also helps for being more cooperative. By
sharing ideas and reacting to other student’s ideas enrich our analysis and creativity
power.

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Portfolio task: 4

Page:111

Answer the questions:

1. What is the topic of the essay?

 Answer: the topic of the essay is “Advantage and disadvantage of public and
private universities”.

2. What points of comparison does the writer make?

 Answer: The writer makes comparison in many points as example-
technological and advancement, teaching and learning situations and also
most other facilities of both public and private universities.

3. What language does the writer use to make comparisons?

 Answer: The writer used academic language to make comparisons.

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Portfolio task: 5

Page:118

Essay on
Advantages and disadvantages of package holidays and
independent travel.

The purpose of travel is connected with building social relationships, opportunities

to learn and grow, and commitment. It gives us the chance to be truly engaged in
an activity, to develop new skills and to discover new cultures. It brings us closer to
ourselves and others. To move or to travel one place to another for different
purposes is generally called traveling. Traveling is one of the best way to enhance
personal growth. It enables one to do things different from your daily routine
activities. When someone travel, his steps out from his comfort zone to a different
environment which makes him become more responsible and gives a sense of
independence.

 There are so many types between package holidays and independent travel.
The main focus of the essay is to compare the advantages and disadvantages
of package holidays and independent travel. So the main thing is if we
compare the things then we can find the advantages and disadvantages
Tourists are looking for well-researched, knowledgeable content about a
destination; the best places to eat, to visit, recommendations of where to
stay. A holiday organized by a travel company for which you pay a fixed price
that includes the cost of the hotel and travel, and sometimes food.

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 When we consider the topic of package holidays, the first thing that comes
to mind is save money and unconcern. But a package holidays is really the
best option when it comes to avoiding problems. Many argue that package
holidays are the wisest choice as it allows one to save money and there is no
denying that this kind of holidays is also a reasonable course of action for
those who wish to have all the information about the travel and want to
enjoy without last-minute problem.by planning a package holiday we can get
zero headache. By choosing a holiday package, you actually get rid of all
activities, starting from booking flight tickets, checking out accommodation
availability at hotels and booking rooms. Everything will be done on your
behalf by the tour operator and would simply be paying the charge. By opting
for an al-inclusive holiday package you can enjoy the best of all services
available at a hotel, starting from accommodation to facilities like swimming
pool, spa and sauna. Booking a spa session or dining at the restaurant
separately will surely cost much higher.

 But there is some disadvantage also. The biggest disadvantage of a tour

package is the lack of control. You need to follow the guidelines and a strict
schedule. One cannot extend his stay in a certain place even if he loves it.
Similarly, he cannot move to the next place if there’s nothing to be excited
about, before the scheduled time. He need to be extra careful while choosing
one of these packages. The aforementioned advantages can easily turn into
disadvantages if you don’t choose the right company. He has to be a little
flexible with your dates and timings, in case you are looking to leave and

pg. 9
 arrive back on certain dates. Also he might find it hard to find an appropriate
trip with the same time frame.

 Besides all these independent travel is far better than package traveling.
independent travelling gives you a chance to have a more authentic and pure
experience when exploring a new part of the world. When travelling
independently you end up having more encounters with locals. Interacting
with local people is a great way to really sense their culture, understand their
habits and rituals and learn some unique tips about their native land and
their local lifestyle. Independent travelling has another benefit of letting you
have the schedule that fits your needs and the pace that suits you best. It
often happens that guided tours and other forms of organized travel have
either too much planned in their program or not enough planned. Also Using
the right online resources can really make planning of your own travel route
fun, interesting and very effective. This is especially true for those folks who
put new experience and adventure before absolute comfort. But one if the
most important fact about traveling is flexibility. And independent travel is
better here.

 Traveling is a humbling experience. It is merely a superior feeling: to go to

another country, and to see people live differently, speak differently, look
differently. This is how one comes to understand how big and crazy our world
is. Another benefit to traveling is coming to see one’s native country in a
different light, in a different way. It is possible through making a comparison
of your home and a foreign location. Sure, this is impossible without
traveling. Going to unknown places create new perspectives and inspiration.
pg. 10
 For first time traveler package holidays are a good option. But both of them
have their own advantages and disadvantages.

References list:

 http://davidrunnereoi.weebly.com/writing/essay -package-
holidays-or-travelling-independently
 https://touradvisers.wordpress.com/2013/05/10/advantages-of-
choosing-a-package-holiday/
 https://www.gujaratexpert.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-
tour-packages/
 https://www.gujaratexpert.com/blog/advantages-disadvantages-
tour-packages/

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Portfolio task: 6

Page:124

Paragraph
Child Trafficking

Trafficking means where people tricked or forced to leaves their homes. And child
trafficking occurs when children are taken away from safety and exploited. Children
who are trafficked are often forced into some form of work, used for sex or simply
sold. Trafficking is any part of the process from finding and recruiting children, to
transporting and receiving them. Men, women and children all over the world are
victims of trafficking, but children are particularly at risk. Child trafficking is linked
to demand for cheap labor, especially where the working conditions are poor.
Children may be forced into many dangerous and illegal situations, including
slavery, domestic labor, sexual exploitation or prostitution, drug couriering and/or
being turned into child soldiers. Children who are trafficked are exposed to many
dangers such as working in hazardous environments. Many are also denied the
chance to reach their full potential because they don’t get an education or have the
freedom to make their own choices. In disasters, conflicts and other humanitarian
emergencies, children can become separated from their families. Left without
protection, they are easy prey for traffickers to exploit either by force or with false
promises. There is a large number of child trafficking cases that can take place
around the year every year. Poverty is the most common cause of child
trafficking. Impoverished families in some cases have little choice but to abandon
their children. This leaves them orphaned and easy targets for child trafficking.
Poverty is the source for a lot of children left on the streets. As a result, these

pg. 12
children are easily lured in by promises of a better life from traffickers posing as
humanitarians. Even in cases where children are still living with parents in
impoverished homes, they are vulnerable. Some parents are tricked into stories
from traffickers about how they can help their children find education and
employment. Illiteracy is one of the reason for it. When children don’t have the
necessary skills to support themselves they are more vulnerable. Illiteracy is one
of the most common issues that lead children to being trafficked. They can’t read
anything around them and have no idea where they are or who their captors
are. Because of, not having a solid educational foundation leads children into
having to do manual labor jobs. These jobs are low paying and contribute to the
cycle of poverty that keeps families vulnerable to trafficking. During periods of crisis
where children are lost or orphaned, trafficking is particularly common. Whether
it be an earthquake, pandemic, or other disruption child trafficking increases in
these times and locations. While it is more common in countries where human
rights are already being violated child traffickers take any opportunity to find,
transport, and sell children. The outcome of child trafficking and exploitation has
serious social and psychological effects. Children are routinely sold as
commodities. These entities who deal in child trafficking are in a multi-billion-dollar
industry and in many times operate with virtual impunity. Children are trafficked
to be used in commercial sex work along with pornography and other forms of child
labor. A single child may be sold into many different forms of child slavery. The
government should strengthen the law enforcement system. Countries must create
and enforce laws aiming to fight against trafficking. International legal instruments
relating to child trafficking are forgotten and often poorly enforced by national
governments. The more punishments incurred for trafficking, the more traffickers
will hesitate before acting. It is important that militaries effectively control and
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observe their borders in order to ensure effective prevention. Effective
international cooperation is also important: child trafficking networks often extend
well beyond the borders of a country. So we all should come forward to stop child
trafficking.

Appendix 3:

Answer the questions:

1. What is the topic of the essay?

 the topic of the essay is” Causes and effects of drug addiction”

2. List the causes and effects the writer mentions

 The causes of drug addiction are

 Poor family environment
 Curiosity
 Peer pressure
 Inability to deal with life’s pressure

 The effects of drug addiction are

 Mental and physicals hazards
 Stroke, brain damage, heart diseases
 Immune system become weak

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  more vulnerable to infection
 The organs of body can become seriously affected
 loses of mental stability and suffer from depression, anxiety, and
mood fluctuations
 Get involve in various criminal activities

3. Find and write down the words and phrases the writer has
used to show cause and effect relationships
 Means of
 Vulnerable to
 Susceptible to
 Involved in
 Believed to
 Predisposition to

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Portfolio task: 7

Page:130

Essay on

The causes and effects of child marriages in Bangladesh

Child Marriage is defined as a marriage of a girl or boy before the age of 18 and
refers to both formal marriages and informal unions in which children under the
age of 18 live with a partner as if married. Child marriage is a violation of human
rights. It adversely affects education, health and well-being of girls and perpetuates
cycles of poverty. Child brides experience the detrimental physical, psychological
and social consequences of child marriage. This is a global phenomenon and a grave
cause for concern.

 Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world. This
survey shows that in Bangladesh, 64% of women currently aged 20–24 were
married before the age of 18. This is despite the fact that the minimum legal
age of marriage for females in Bangladesh is 18 years and 21 for males. Not
only is this an additional driver, marriage under the age of 18 also deprives
girls of their right to education. Many girls drop out of school after entering
wedlock. Another adverse effect of child marriage is early pregnancy and
childbirth. These can have detrimental and long-term health effects on girls
whose bodies are not developed enough to give birth, and also increase health
risks to the newborn.

pg. 16
 Child marriage has many causes: cultural, social, natural disasters, lack of
access to education, social pressure, harassment, dowry economic and
religious. In many cases, a mixture of these causes results in the imprisonment
of children in marriages without their consent. Illiteracy is also a reason for it.
The highest child marriage is found in districts where literacy is low. Marrying
early cuts dramatically into education chances.

 Poverty is one of the most basic reason behind child marriage. Poor families
sell their children into marriage either to settle debts or to make some money
and escape the cycle of poverty. Child marriage fosters poverty, however, as it
ensures that girls who marry young will not be properly educated or take part
in the workforce. Therefore, child brides are more likely to be poor and to
remain poor. Where poverty is acute, giving a daughter in marriage allows
parents to reduce their expenses: one less person to feed, clothe and educate.

 Gender inequality is one of the leading causes of child marriage. There are
clear drivers of child marriage around the world, but none larger than gender
inequality. In cases of child marriage, girls are seen as having little importance
outside of their roles as wives, while boys are given preference in the belief
that they will look after their parents in the future. Girls are viewed as a
financial burden, which may increase when marriage is delayed since a larger
dowry needs to be paid. Gender inequality is often endorsed by socio-cultural
traditions and religion.

 Conflict and weak law enforcement exacerbates the likelihood of child

marriage. In civil war and ethnic conflict, where the likelihood of rape and
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 sexual abuse increases, child marriage is viewed as a form of protection. In
addition, many countries have established laws prohibiting early marriage but
more often than not these laws go unenforced. In India, for example, all
marriages need to be registered by law but some state governments, such as
Bihar, have not made it compulsory. Overall, 74 countries have reported to the
Committee on the Rights of the Child but have not yet set the minimum age
for marriage.

 Trafficking most of the time happened with some poor families. Poor families
are tempted to sell their girls not just into marriage, but into prostitution, as
the transaction enables large sums of money to change hands.

 The government should strengthen the law enforcement system. Countries

must create and enforce laws aiming to fight against child marriage. The more
punishments incurred for child marriage, the more child marriage will hesitate
before acting. Effective international cooperation is also important: child
marriage networks often extend well beyond the borders of a country. So we
all should come forward to stop child marriage.

References list:
 https://www.unicef.org/rosa/what-we-do/child-protection/child-marriage
 https://plan-international.org/publications/child-marriage-bangladesh-
findings-national-survey
 https://www.thoughtco.com/child-marrriage-facts-causes-consequences-
2353030

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Portfolio task: 8
Page:137

Argumenta paragraph

Should student politics be banned?

It is said that education is the backbone of a nation and the students are its future.
Student life should be spent in study and interaction with all in order to gain
knowledge and groom oneself as an ideal human being. But at present the alarming
fact is that student politics is considered as a powerful weapon for the political
parties in countries. As a result, students in public universities become involved in
atrocious party politics and indulge in illegal activities like killing, tender and
admission businesses and so on in the name of student politics.

 Nowadays student politics is neither people oriented nor educational; rather

it is oriented toward personal interest and political gains. Student
movements are not directed towards the betterment of students, rather this
is pursued as a tool to strengthen party and individual position in the
campus. Now-a-days, innocent students are bearing the brunt of student
politics as they are often the victim of untoward incidents, including death.
The regular students often sustain injury resulting from inter-party and intra-
party student clash. Often these injuries turn fatal and lead to death.

 It hampers the regular activities of an educational institution as well as

demoralizes the regular students. Student politics only paves the way to

pg. 19
 become corrupt politicians. However, also offers solution to this problem by
citing ways of overcoming the confines of student politics, "At first students
should be conscious about their own rights and they should not respond to
provocation by the political leaders or organizations.

 Secondly, political leaders should not encourage students to join their

political organization and use them as their tool. The civil society, guardians,
and the media of our country should organize the students' and people's
opinion against student politics." Experts are worried about the deteriorating
trend of student politics of our country. It is important to bring student
politics on the right track to produce honest and dedicated leaders for the
future. The educationists have said that the student politics on campus is not
contributing in any positive manner. There is brutality and violent clashes.
Sick politics has gripped the campuses. Extortion, tender manipulations and
other unscrupulous activities are being carried out in the name of student
politics. Anyone expressing different opinions is attacked. The people do not
want to see such violence anymore.

 Universities should be the hub of free expression, but instead the voices of
the students are being muffled. This is true of almost all universities and
colleges in the country. The ruling party student leaders and activities have
become the muscle men used to assault any opposition. It is not as if
students will be unable to protest if there is no student politics. The students
said that regular student union elections at universities and colleges without
political influence would bring forward constructive student leadership.

pg. 20
 The educationists have said that the student politics on campus is not
contributing in any positive manner. There is brutality and violent clashes.
Sick politics has gripped the campuses. Extortion, tender manipulations and
other unscrupulous activities are being carried out in the name of student
politics. Anyone expressing different opinions is attacked. The people do not
want to see such violence anymore.

 Thus, it is evident that banning student politics is highly illogical and

detrimental. But this does not mean that the current scenario is ideal. An
issue of grave concern is the hijacking of student politics by those who have
little regard for student’s issues and are concerned merely with using the
platform as a launch pad to a career in party politics. The increasing use of
money and muscle power has resulted in student politics becoming a proxy
war between national parties. In recent years, no strong leader has emerged
from campus politics.

 We live an imperfect world, and we cannot expect politics to be perfect

either. However, if good people are willing and able to engage at an equal
footing with others, then a lot can be gained from student politics. There is
a need to ensure transparency and fairness in the election process. Securing
a specified attendance percentage should be made an eligibility criterion for
students contesting campus elections. A radical, but necessary, step would
be de-linking political parties from their student wings.

 Students of today are the future of tomorrow. The ideas and institutions they
contribute towards, will have a long-lasting impact on their lives. Banning
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 student politics would be a horrifying injustice to future generations. Thus,
the current debate needs to shift its focus from how student politics can be
dismissed, to how it can be improved.

 Politics is very much needed in democracy, you know. But, it is we who have
altered the meaning of this word. And now, we the middle-class, most of the
university students, most of the young generation are totally set apart from
that process. I think, it is our country and we have to decide how to govern
it. So, the main theme of my thinking is student politics is very much needed
for a most corrupted country like us, but that student politics shouldn’t be
like that which is going on now. Take it to its main theme, free it from all
kinds of pressure, make the environment free for anyone, encourage the
young generation to think about their country, these should be the way
student politics should go on.

Thank you.

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