ELECTRONICS I

LAB REPORT 01

NAME:
RANA MUHAMMAD AHMED
REG NO:
FA19-BEE-180/ISB
SECTION:
BEE-3D
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR KHURRAM SHEHZAD
In-Lab

Section-I Oscilloscope and Function Generator

Task 1:-
• Turn on Oscilloscope and Function generator.
• Note down the values of Channel 1 status and Time base status on the oscilloscope screen.
Write them down in the table.
• Generate a sinusoidal wave of 2 KHZ and 5Vp-p. Connect the signal using probes to the
oscilloscope. Press Auto Scale.
• Press channel (1) button, make sure from the menu that coupling is DC, bandwidth limit is off
and probe is set at (1X).
• Play with the horizontal and vertical position and scale knobs and try to understand their
effect. Finally auto-scale again.
• Note down the new values of Channel 1 Status and Time base Status. Interpret the graph
displayed using these values.

• Change the offset to -1V then 1.5V then 2V then. Observe the change in waveform. Change
the vertical scale i.e. the whole waveform is again at the center of screen. Note down the
new values of Channel 1 Status and Time base Status.
• Press “measure” button, press “Voltage” and then press soft keys to determine values of
Vpp, Vrms, Vmin and Vmax. Similarly press “Time” and determine the values of frequency,
period etc. Fill the table.
• Change the coupling to AC. What do you observe?

Sinusoidal signal:
Now we will change the knobs position to see the effect on the
sinusoidal wave ,we observed that it only decreases or increases the size
of the wave but there is no effect as the values for V and t also changes
with respect to them.

Scale knobs:

Changing offset.
Offset 1.5V:
Offset 2V:

Offset -1.5:
Measures for task 1 with Offset 2V:
Task-2:-
• Generate a square wave pulse between 0-5V. Let the frequency
be 4KHZ. What is the time period?
• Change the duty cycle to 25%.
• What is the value of time base status? For how much time the
waveform is +5Volts (0n time). For how much time the waveform
is 0Volts (Off-time). Find the ratio of On-time and the time period
of the square wave.
• To measure the time (off or on) note down the time base status. It
represents how much time one division (box) on the horizontal
axis represents. Using this information calculate the time i.e.
divisions for which the wave is +5V and for which it is 0volts.
• Another method is to press “measure” button of oscilloscope.
Press “Time” (press soft key again to view next set of
measurements) and note down the value of “+width” (on-time)
and “-width” (off-time).
• Change the duty cycle to 70% and repeat the experiment.

Square wave:

Time period=100.0us
Now changing duty cycle.
25%duty cycle:
On time=62.00us
Off time=188.0us

Time base status=260us

Changing duty cycle to 70%’
On time=176us
Off time=74us

Task-3:-
• Generate a Sine wave of 1 KHz (note down its value in radians/sec
using w = 2πf), 10Vp-p.
• Press “Ref” and press “save” to save this waveform as reference.
• Now change the horizontal position knob, the reference wave
remains static but the live voltage waveform will change position.
On lower left corner of the screen the time delay will be displayed.
• Delay the wave using horizontal position knob until the live
waveform is at 180 degrees out of phase with the reference (π
radians). 180 degrees means the wave becomes exactly the
inverted version of the reference waveform. Note the numerical
value of the time delay.
• Change the frequency to 3 KHz and 3.5 KHz and repeat the
experiment.
For frequency 1KHz:
For frequency 3KHz:
For frequency 3.5KHz:

POST LAB TASKS

What are the important features of ammeters, voltmeters and
ohmmeters?
AMMETER:
An ammeter measures the electric current in a circuit. The
name is derived from the name for the SI unit for electric
current, amperes (A).In order for an ammeter to measure a
device’s current, it must be connected in series to that device.
This is necessary because objects in series experience the
same current. galvanometer can also function as an ammeter
when it is placed in parallel with a small resistance R, often
called the shunt resistance.

VOLTMETER:

A voltmeter, also known as a voltage meter, is an instrument used

for measuring the potential difference, or voltage, between two
points in an electrical or electronic circuit. Some voltmeters are
intended for use in direct current (DC) circuits; others are
designed for alternating current (AC) circuits. Specialized
voltmeters can measure radio frequency (RF) voltage. It has
high resistance connected in series with galvanometer.

OHMMETER:

An instrument for measuring electrical resistance,which is

expressed in ohms. In the simplest ohmmeters, the resistance to
be measured may be connected to the instrument in parallel or
in series. If in parallel (parallel ohmmeter), the instrument will
draw more current as resistance increases. If in series (series
ohmmeter), current will decrease as resistance rises.

QUESTION:
For the circuits shown below the value values of
the resistors should be the last two digits of your
roll number with kilo, mega or milli your choice.

A)
B)

C)

D)
• What are the functions of the following buttons:
• X-Y: To measure phase difference
• X10: To set 10probe value in oscilloscope.
• LEVEL: To specify voltage value

• If we change the vertical position of the signal, will it change the

amplitude?

ANSWER:
No it will not change the amplitude and the value of
signal shall remain same.

• If we change the horizontal position of the signal, will it change

the amplitude?
ANSWER:
No, it will not change the amplitude of the signal and the signal
value shall remain same.
CONCLUSION:
In this lab ,we learn how to use function generator and
oscilloscope we learn how to make a sinusoidal signal as sine or
square wave ,we also recalled the basic use and stimulation on LT
spice .in this lab we use different amplitudes and frequencies and
made different waves to know the concept AC signals on
oscilloscope.