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pressure possible, with a linear rise. The times necessary for this purpose
are shown in Table 2, Column 5. The joining pressure is
joining pressure 0.10 ± 0.01 N/mm².
alignment pressure

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A mechanical load on the joint is permissible, at the earliest, after
the end of the cooling process. For this purpose, the full joining
heating-up pressure must be maintained during the cooling time at the
pressure ambient temperature (see Table 2, Column 5).
time Subject to the following prerequisites, it is permitted to shorten

changeover time
heating-up the cooling time by as much as 50%, i. e. joining pressure relief
time cooling time and removal of the welded part from the welding machine:
alignment joining pressure build-up time – the joint is manufactured in workshop conditions,
time
total joining time
– the removal from the welding machine and the temporary
total welding time storage cause only a slight load on the joint and
– the joining parts have wall thicknesses ≥ 15 mm.
Figure 2. Process steps in heated tool butt welding. Further processing with a full mechanical load on the joint may
only take place after complete cooling according to Table 2,
Alignment Column 5.
In this respect, the joining faces to be welded are pressed on to
A uniform double bead must exist after the joining. The bead
the heated tool until the entire faces are in contact with the
formation provides orientation with regard to the uniformity of the
heated tool with parallel faces. This can be recognised by the
welds with each other. Different bead formations may be caused
formation of the beads. The alignment is finished when the bead
by the various types of flow behaviour of the joined materials.
heights around the entire pipe circumference or on the entire top
The weldability may be assumed from the experience with the
side of the plate have reached the values specified in Table 2,
commercially available semi-finished PP products in the specified
Column 2. The bead heights are regarded as an indicator that the
MFR range, even if this may lead to asymmetric welding beads.
whole area of the joining faces is in contact with the heated tool.
K must always be > 0 (see Figure 3).
The alignment pressure of 0.10 N/mm² is effective throughout the
alignment operation.
Heating-up
For the heating-up, the faces must be in contact with the heated
tool at a low pressure. To this end, the pressure is reduced to
nearly zero (≤ 0.01 N/mm²). During the heating-up, the heat
penetrates into the faces to be welded and heats these up to the
welding temperature. The heating-up times are shown in Table 2,
Column 3.
Changeover
After the heating-up, the joining faces must be detached from the
heated tool which must be taken out without damaging or soiling
the heated joining faces. The joining faces must then be moved
together quickly until they almost touch. The changeover time
should be kept as short as possible (see Table 2, Column 4)
since the plastified faces would otherwise cool down. This would
exert a detrimental influence on the weld quality. Figure 3. Bead formation in the case of heated tool butt welding
(principle using the example of a pipe).
Joining
The faces to be welded should come into contact at a speed of For a short version of the processing instructions, see the
nearly zero. The required joining pressure is applied, if at all appendix.

Table 2. Guide values for the heated tool butt welding of pipes, fittings and panels made of PP at an outdoor temperature of approx. 20°C with
moderate air movement (intermediate values must be interpolated).

1 2 3 4 5
Alignment Heating-up Changeover Joining
Heated tool temperature 210 ± 10°C
Nominal wall Changeover Joining Cooling time under
Bead height at the heated tool time pressure joining pressure
thickness s
at the end of the alignment time (Heating-up (maximum build-up (minimum values)
(minimum values) p = ≤ 0.01 N/mm2) time) time p = 0.10 ± 0.01 N/mm²
(alignment p = 0.10 N/mm2)
mm mm s s s min
Up to 4.5 0.5 up to 135 5 6 6
4.5 ... 7 0.5 135 ... 175 5 ... 6 6 .. 7 6 ...12
7 ... 12 1.0 175 ... 245 6 ... 7 7 .. 11 12 ... 20
12 ... 19 1.0 245 ... 330 7 ... 9 11 ... 17 20 ... 30
19 ... 26 1.5 330 ... 400 9 ... 11 17 ... 22 30 ... 40
26 ... 37 2.0 400 ... 485 11 ... 14 22 ... 32 40 ... 55
37 ... 50 2.5 485 ... 560 14 ... 17 32 ... 43 55 ... 70

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