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PRONOUN

“The word that we use in place of a noun is called a pronoun”

E.g. I, we, you, he, she, they etc.

E.g. Sameer is one of the bright students. He got the first position in the class.
Ram and Lakshman were brothers. They spent miserable life in the forest.
Sunita is a decent lady. She takes care her children.
Explanation: Sent 1: “He” is used as a pronoun for “Sameer”
Sent 2: “They” is used as a pronoun for “Ram and Lakshman”
Sent 3: “She” is used as a pronoun for “Sunita”

Kinds
There are ten kinds of pronouns.

Key [PRIDE, RIDER]

Every letter suggests the name of a pronoun.

P - PERSONAL R - RECIPROCAL
R - RELATIVE I - INDEFINITE
I - INTERROGATIVE D - DISTRIBUTIVE
D - DEMONSTRATIVE E - EXCLAMATORY
E - EMPHATIC R - REFLEXIVE

Personal Pronoun:

“There are three persons first, second and third”

First person – Speaker
Second person – Listener
Third person – Object (about whom we talk)

Table

Person Subjective Objective Possessive Possessive Emphatic/

“Case” “Case” “Adjective” “Pronoun” Reflexive
I Me My Mine Myself
Ist
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
IInd You You Your Yours Yourself/ves
He Him His His Himself
She Her Her Hers Herself
IIIrd It It Its ---- Itself
One One One’s ---- Oneself
They Them Their Theirs Themselves

Rule: We always use subjective case before “verb”.

E.g. a. My friend and I have a beautiful selfie.

b. You and they have supported many poor families for years.

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Rule: We always use objective case after “let”, “verb” and “prepositions”
E.g. a. Let me work hard.
b. He told me.
c. Between you and me there is no argument.

Rule: We always use subjective case after “be” (is/am/are/was/were/be/ been)

verbs
a. It is I (R)
It is me (W)
b. If you were he, you would help the poor. (R)
If you were him, you would help the poor. (W)

Rule: The sequence of personal pronoun should be (2,3and1) (second, third and
first)

E.g. a. You, they and I have supported this political party only.
b. They and you will be the part of the next tournament.

EXCEPTIONS:

Sequence will be (first, second and third) (1,2 and 3)

1. “If confessions or bad activities are there sequence will be first,
second and third”

E.g. a. I, you and Mohan are criminals/ frauds/ gamblers/ smokers/ terrorists/
killers etc.
b. I, you and she have hanged a boy in the woods.

2. “If all the persons are plural, the sequence will be first, second and
third.”

E.g. a. We, you and they have started a new venture at Chandni Chok in Delhi.

Relative Pronoun:

“Relative pronoun works as a subject and object of a sentence”

“It works as a conjunction”

SUBJECTIVE
WHO (living)
WHICH (non-living/ animals)
THAT (living/ non- living/ animals)

OBJECTIVE:
WHOM (living)
WHICH (non- living/animals)
THAT (Living/ non- living/ animals)

POSSESSIVE:
WHOSE (living)
OF WHICH (non-living)

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Use of “WHO”

E.g. a. One day I met John who has composed many songs and wrote many scripts.
b. They know players who have performed well for many innings.

Note: Verb and adjective after “Relative Pronoun” agree to the number and
gender of antecedent.

Antecedent: Noun/ pronoun before “Relative Pronoun”

Use of “WHOM”

E.g. a. I met a soldier whom I have given a novel to read.

Use of “WHICH”

E.g. a. We are the students of “Gradeup” Which has been running successfully for a long
time. (subjective case)
b. Farmers are using excreta which provide nourishment to the crop.
(subjective)
c. I bought a most readable novel “Two States” which I read three time
(objective)

Use of “THAT”

1. We always use “that” with superlative degrees

E.g. a. Burj Khalifa is the tallest building that is situated in the UAE.
b. Mohan is the most intelligent student that got the first position in this
competition.

2. We use “that” if the following words are used.

“everything, something, nothing, anything, few, a few, the few, little, a

little, the little, all, none, the same, the such and the only”

E.g. a. Rakesh is the only soldier that has served the nation
b. All that glitters is not gold

Use of “WHOSE / OF WHICH”

E.g. a. This is our holy river Ganga of which water is the symbol of purity.

Explanation: “Ganga” is non living here.

b. I know Ravi whose father has been teaching here.

Explanation: “Ravi” is living here.

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Use of “AS”
Note: “As” is used as a Relative Pronoun, after “same and such”

E.g. a. You should not visit such places as are deserted.

b. You should avoid such boys as are smokers.

Use of “WHAT”

Note: “What” is used as a Relative Pronoun if antecedent is understood.

E.g. What I have you can take all.
What is your, will be mine.

Interrogative Pronoun:

“who, whom, which, whose and what”

E.g. a. Who are you thinking about?

b. Which is your class room?

Demonstrative Pronoun

“this, that, these and those”

E.g. a. These are beautiful flowers.

b. This is interesting to read.

Reciprocal Pronoun:

Each other (for two)

One another (more than two)

E.g. a. The manager and the members of his office wished new year to one another
b. Ram and Sita live together. They are made for each other
c. Because of cold his knees are striking to each other.

Indefinite Pronoun

“Everyone, someone, on one, everybody, somebody, nobody, anyone,

anybody, everything, something, nothing and anything etc.”

These pronouns are followed by singular verb and possessive case.

E.g. a. Everyone is doing his work carefully to meet the challenges of life.
b. Everything is losing its value in this world.

Reflexive/ Emphatic Pronoun

“myself, ourselves, yourself/ves, himself, herself, oneself, themselves, itself

etc.”
Rule1. We never use reflexive or emphatic pronoun as a subject or object of a
sentence.

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E.g. a. You and myself are going to visit a zoo tomorrow. (W)
You and I are going to visit a zoo tomorrow. (R)
b. Let You and myself be the part of it. (W)
Let you and me be the part of it. (R)

Rule 2. We always use reflexive pronoun after the following verbs if there is
no object.

“Enjoy, absent, poison, avail of, pride, adapt, amuse, present, hurt, address,
resign, apply and acquit etc.”

E.g. a. We enjoyed ourselves a lot at an amusement park. (R)

b. Mr. Shyam pride himself on the result of his daughter. (R)
c. Mohan enjoyed a comedy movie last night. (R)
d. We enjoyed a lot in the party (W) “there is no object”

Rule3. We never use reflexive pronoun after the following verbs.

“open, sell, wash, dress, keep, undress, bathe and shave etc.”

E.g. a. Everyone shaves himself on Sunday (W)

b. Everyone shaves on Sunday (R)

Distributive Pronoun
“Either, neither, each, anyone, none and everyone etc.”

Structure:
[Either/ neither/ each/ anyone/none + of + noun/pronoun (plural) + verb
(singular) + possessive case (singular)]

Note:- These pronouns are always followed by preposition “of” with plural
nouns and singular verbs.

E.g. a. Everyone of the politicians has furnished his income tax details to the
department.
b. Each of the players practises hard to be the part of international team.

Exclamatory Pronoun:

“We use “what a” as exclamatory pronoun.”

E.g. What a beautiful painting it is.

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