Current Transformer (CTs) DEFINITIONS

Used to Step Down Current for Measurement and Protection purpose.

Consist of secondary winding more than 1 core. Current of CTs at Primary at which error
Secondary Core which is not used should be short circuited, because in live condition core should not be in Rated Primary
Current (A) and losses are minimum
open condition.
Ratio 1A of 5A, the ratio of the CT can be change. Rated Secondary Current of CTs at Secondary at which
Used for Measurement (Ammeter, Energy Meter, etc) and protection relays (measurement+Protection). Current (A) error and losses are minimum
Connected in Series.
Normally Installed with Circuit Breaker Whatever connected to Secondary is
Oil is used for cooling the winding. Burden (VA) called burden, metering equipment ,
High Grade PCB (polycholrinated biphenyls) free mineral oil . protective Equipments.

Value of system frequency at which CT

Frequency (Hz) operate
Primary and Secondary Current Ratio
Current ratio
RMS value of Ip which CT withstand for
rated time with its secondary winding
Short Circuit Current short circuited with out any harmfull
Current Transformer (CTs) TYPES LESCO effect

Used of higher Insulation Level, Bar is connect with the current carring For Measuring CT ,Instrument Limit Ip
Bar Type device Selection of Suitable CTs and per Heavy Load Instrument Security CT/Rated Primary, After this value CT
Factor core becomes saturated
1-100 Amp Power Factor =0.9
600V CT Capacity = Load x1.6 For protection CTs, Accuracy Limit Ip
2.5:5 -100:5 Burden Load = KW to KVA then convert KVA to Ampers Accuracy Limit CT/Rated Primary.
Wound CTs Winding is like Normaly Transformer Factor
Load passing through primary winding , screw terminal at Secondary
Product of rated Load and Secondary
Standard CTs in LESCO as per KW Load Current of CT.
Rated Power Determine CT capacity to drive
No Pirmary Winding (VA) secondary current
Primary Condcutor pass through core produce current in secondary. LOAD KW CT/AMP
Soild Core and Split Core:
Ring Core/Solid Core: 50-500 A , Window 1' to 8'. 60 KW 100/5 Note:
Window CTs Power consumption should be close to CT rated Power
Spilit Core: Movable Core 100-5000 A, Window 1' by 2' and 13' by 20' 120 KW 200/5
If Very Low:Overcurrent factor increase and measure device
240 KW 400/5 is in-sufficient to protect against short ciruit
480 KW 800/5 If Very High:negative influence on accuracy
Window type CTs specially constructed fit around Bushing of CBs and In Normal situation Metering CTs saturation current 20 times In
Bushing CTs Transformers . for 5 sec, for gurantee protection of equipments.

Protection CTs must not saturate until the tripping of protection

Sizing CT for Buildings is gurantee. Over current tolerance 100xIn and peak current Calculate Total Burden on CT
New Construction: 80% of Circuit Breaker Amperes. tolerance 250xIn.
4 Wire (ohms) 1.2 x meter (length) x resistivity
Old Construction (with No-demand): same as new construction.
Old Construction (with demand): measure peak demand KW, then meaure Amperes from KW, then size CT 6 Wire (ohms) 2 x meter (length) x resistivity
20-30% of measured Amperes. Total Instruments
sum of all Instruments (VA)
CT for Motors:Size as per name Plate full load motor Amperes Accuracy Class Code (VA)
Secondary current
voltage drop (V) wire resistance x Is of CT (e.g. 5 A)
Class Accuracy Purpose
Standard Measuring Classes 0.1,0.2,0.5,1,3,5,0.1S,0.3S,0.5S B Metering Purpose Burden Imposed by
(0.1 mean : 0.1% error) lead (VA)
voltage drop x Is of CT
C CT has low leakage Flux
T CT has Significant Leakage Flux Total Burden on CT sum of all Instruments + Burden
Standard Precision Classes 5P,10P,15P (VA) Imposed by Lead + reserve
(5P10 means: 5% error, P->Protection, 10 times the nominal current) CT Accuracy applied within in entire range
H of secondary current , 5- 20 time nominal Note:
current Copper Resistivity
Accuracy Classes CT accuracy appiled at max rated at 20
@20C 0.0178 (micro ohms meter)
@75C 0.0216 (micro ohms meter)
L
0.1 - 0.2 Precision Measurement times nominal current
0.5 Commercial KWH Meter
1 or 3 Industrial Measurement Turn Ratio Modifications
3 or 5 Approximate Measurement
Protective System CT Secondary VA Class Ratio Primary Turn Secondary Turn Ratio
1A 2.5
Phase and Earth fault 10P20 or 5P20
5A 7.5 100:5 A 1 0 100:5 A
Sensitive Earth Fault 1 or 5 A 100:5 A 2 0 50:5 A
Differential Protection 1 or 5 A 100:5 A 4 0 25:5 A
Distance Protection 1 or 5 A Class PX use relay Manufacture 100:5 A 1 +1 105:5 A
High Impedence Differential farmula 100:5 A 1 -1 95:5 A
Protection 1 or 5 A
100:5 A 2 +1 52.5:5 A
High Speed Feeder 1 or 5 A 100:5 A 2 -2 45:5 A
Motor Protection 1 or 5 A 5P10
10P5 instantaneous Overcurrent relay and trip coil 2.5VA
10P10 Thermal Inverse time relay
10P10 low consumption relay 2.5VA
10P10/15 Inverse Definate Time Relay (IDMT) Overcurrent
10P10 IDMT Earth fault realy with time grading 15VA
5P10 IDMT Earth fault relay with phase fault 15VA