Unit

Chemical Equilibrium
09

Long Answer Questions

Q.1 Describe a reversible reaction with the help of an example and graph. 09(001)
Q.2 Define chemical equilibrium state. Describe it with examples. 09(002)
Q.3 Write macroscopic characteristics of forward and reverse reactions. 09(003)

Q.4 Write down macroscopic characteristics of dynamic equilibrium. 09(004)

Q.5 State the law of mass action and derive the expression for equilibrium constant
for a general reaction 09(005)

Q.6 Define equilibrium constant. Also describe its unit. 09(006)

Q.7 How can you predict the direction of a reaction by using the equilibrium
constant? 09(007)

Q.8 How can you predict the extent of reaction by using equilibrium constant? 09(008)

Solved Book Examples

Example 1:
When hydrogen reacts with iodine at 25oC to form hydrogen iodide by a reversible
reaction as follows: 09(009)

H2(g)  I2(g) 2HI(g)

The equilibrium concentrations are:
[H2] = 0.05 mol dm-3 ; [I2] = 0.06 mol dm-3 and [HI] = 0.49 mol dm-3
Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction?
Examples 2: 09(010)
For the formation of ammonia by Haber’s process hydrogen and nitrogen react reversibly
at 500oC as follows
N2(g)  3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
The equilibrium concentrations of these gases are: nitrogen 0.602 mol dm3 ; hydrogen 0.420
mol dm3 and ammonia 0.113 mol dm3. What is value of Kc.
Example 3: 09(011)

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 For a reaction between PCl3 and Cl2 to form PCl5 , the equilibrium constant is 0.13 mol1
dm3 at a particular temperature. When the equilibrium concentrations of PCl3 and Cl2 are
10.0 and 9.0 mol dm3 respectively, what is the equilibrium concentration of PCl5.

Numericals

1. For the decomposition of di-nitrogen oxide (N2O) into nitrogen and oxygen
reversible reaction take place as follows: 09(012)
2N 2O (g) 2N 2  O2
(g)

The concentration of N2O , N2 and O2 are 1.1mol.dm-3, 3.90 mol dm-3 and 1.95
mol dm-3, respectively, at equilibrium. Find out K c for this reaction.
2. Hydrogen iodide decomposes to form hydrogen and iodine. If the equilibrium
concentration of HI is 0.078 mol dm-3, H2 and I2 is same 0.011 mol dm-3. Calculate the
equilibrium constant value for this reversible reactions. 09(013)
Ans.
Data:
2HI (g) H 2  I2
(g) (g)

The equilibrium concentration of

HI  0.078 mol dm 3
H2  0.011 mol dm 3
I2  0.011mol dm 3
Kc  ?
3. For the fixation of nitrogen following reaction takes place
N2 (g)  O2 (g) 2NO
(g)
When the reaction takes place at 1500 K, the K c for this is 1.1  10-5. If equilibrium
concentration of nitrogen and oxygen are 1.7  10-3 mol dm-3 and 6.4  10-3mol dm-3,
respectively, how much NO is formed? 09(014)

4. When nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia, the equilibrium mixture
contains 0.31 mol dm-3 and 0.50 mol dm-3 of nitrogen and hydrogen respectively, if the
Kc is 0.50 mol-2 dm6, what is the equilibrium concentration of ammonia? 09(015)

Short Answer Questions

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Q.1 Why at equilibrium state reaction does not stop? 09(016)

Q.2 Why equilibrium state is attainable from either way? 09(017)

Q.3 What are the characteristics of a reaction that establishes equilibrium state at
once? 09(018)

Q.4 Which natural process is responsible for existence of life on earth? 09(019)

Q.5 Differentiate between reactants and products. 09(020)

Q.6 Differentiate between irreversible reaction and reversible reaction. 09(021)

Q.7 What is static equilibrium state? 09(022)

Q.8 What is dynamic equilibrium state? 09(023)

Q.9 What is equilibrium constant? 09(024)

Q.10 Why the reaction mixture does not have 50% reactants and 50% products at
equilibrium position? 09(025)

Q.11 If a reaction has large value of K c, will it go to completion and why? 09(026)

Q.12 What do you mean by the extent of reaction? 09(027)

Q.13 Why the reversible reaction does not go to completion? 09(028)

Q.14 What are irreversible reactions? Give few characteristics of them? 09(029)
Q.15 Define chemical equilibrium state. 09(030)

Q.16 What is relationship between active mass and rate of reaction? 09(031)
Q.17 Derive equilibrium constant expression for the synthesis of ammonia from
nitrogen and hydrogen. 09(032)
Q.18 Write the equilibrium constant expression for the following reactions: 09(033)

i. H2(g)  I2(g) 2HI(g)

ii. CO(g)  3H2(g) CH4(g)  H2O(g)
Q.19 How direction of reaction can be predicted? 09(034)
Q.20 How can you know that a reaction has achieved an equilibrium state? 09(035)

Q.21 If reaction quotient Qc of a reaction is more than K c. What will be the direction of
the reaction? 09(036)

Q.22 What are the uses of atmospheric gases in the manufacture of chemicals? 09(037)
Q.23 Define the law of Mass Action. 09(038)

Q.24 How the active mass is represented? 09(039)

Q.25 How dynamic equilibrium is established? 09(040)

Q.27 Point out the coefficient of each in the following hypothetical reactions. 09(041)

(a) 2A  3B 4C  2D
(b) 4x 2Y  3Z
(c) 2M  4N 5O
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Q.27 An industry was established based upon a reversible reaction. It failed to achieve
products on commercial level. Can you point out the basic reasons of its failure being a
chemist? 09(042)
Q.28 Write the importance of equilibrium constant. 09(043)
Q.29 Which physical factor effects the value of K c? 09(044)
Q.30 Write the names of two chemicals in which nitrogen is used? 09(045)
Q.31 What is the proportion of oxygen and nitrogen in our atmosphere? 09(046)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The reaction in which the products (d) all

do not recombine to form reactants are 6. When the reaction ceases to proceed,
called; 09(047) it is called; 09(051)
(a) Irreversible reactions (a) Chemical equilibrium state
(b) Reversible reactions (b) static equilibrium
(c) Decomposition (d) Addition (c) Dynamic equilibrium
2. The reaction in which the products (d) all
can recombine to form reactants are 7. Guldberg and waage put forward
called; 09(048) law of mass action in; 09(052)
(a) Irreversible reactions (a) 1860 (b) 1869
(b) Reversible reactions (c) 1870 (d) 1879
(c) Decomposition (d) Addition 8. The % age of nitrogen and oxygen in
3. The colour of iodine is; 09(049) our atmosphere is; 09(053)
(a) purple (b) Black (a) 80 (b) 90
(c) red (d) Pink (c) 95 (d) 99
4. The colour of hydrogen iodide is; 9. Which gas is used to prepare
(a) colourless (b) black 09(050) ammonia? 09(054)
(c) red (d) pink (a) N2 (b) O2
5. When the rate of the forward (c) Cl2 (d) S
reaction takes place at the rate of 10. Which gas is used to manufacture
reverse reaction the composition of the king of chemicals sulphuric acid? 09(055)
reaction mixture remains constant it is (a) N2 (b) O2
called; 09(051) (c) Cl2 (d) S
(a) Chemical equilibrium 11. Equilibrium constant has no unit
(b) Dynamic equilibrium when number of moles of reactants and
(c) Static equilibrium products are; 09(056)

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 (a) same (b) different (c) the rate of the reverse reaction
(c) both a & b (d) none becomes very low
12. For reactions having large Kc value, (d) the rates of the forward and reverse
the reaction proceeds to; 09(057) reactions becomes equal.
(a) completion 17. Which one of the following
(b) equilibrium state statements is not correct about active
(c) back ward (d) None mass? 09(062)

13. The characteristics of reversible (a) rate of reaction is directly

reactions are the following except;
(a) products never recombine to form
reactants 09(058)
(b) they never complete
(c) they proceed in both ways
(d) they have a double arrow between
reactants and products
14. In the lime kiln, the reaction 09(059)
CaCO3(s)   CaO(s)  CO2(g) goes to
proportional to active mass.
(b) active mass is taken in molar
concentration
(c) active mass is represented by square
brackets
(d) active mass means total mass of
substances
18. When the magnitude of Kc is very
large it indicates; 09(063)

completion because; (a) reaction mixture consists of almost

(a) of high temperature all products
(b) CaO is more stable than CaCO3 (b) reaction mixture has almost all
(c) CO2 escapes continuously reactants
(d) CaO is not dissociated (c) reaction has not gone to completion
15. For the reaction, 09(060)
(d) reaction mixture has negligible
products
2A(g)  B(g) 3C(g) the expression
19. When the magnitude of Kc is very
for the equilibrium constant is: small it indicates; 09(064)
[2A][B] [A]2 [B] (a) equilibrium will never establish
(a) (b)
[3C] [C]3 (b) all reactants will be converted to
[3C] [C]3 products
(c) (d) (c) reaction will go to completion
[2A] [B] [A]2 [B]
(d) the amount of products is negligible
16. When a system is at equilibrium
20. Reactions which have comparable
states? 09(061)
amounts of reactants and products at
(a) the concentration of reactants and
equilibrium state have; 09(065)
products becomes equal
(a) very small Kc value
(b) the opposing reactions (forward and
(b) very large Kc value
reverse) stop
(c) moderate Kc value
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 (d) none of these
21. At dynamic equilibrium; 09(066)
(a) the reaction stops to proceed
(b) the amounts of reactants and
products are equal
(c) the speed of the forward is reverse
reactions are equal
(d) the reaction can no longer be
reversed
22. In an irreversible reaction dynamic
equilibrium; 09(067)
(a) never establishes
(b) establishes before the completion of
reaction
(c) establishes after the completion of
reaction
(d) establishes readily
23. A reverse reaction is one that; 09(068)
(a) which proceeds from left to right
(b) In which reactants react to form
products
(c) which slows down gradually
(d) which speeds up gradually
24. Nitrogen and hydrogen were reacted
together to make ammonia 09(069)
N2  3H2 2NH3 K c  2.86 mol2 dm6
What will be present in the equilibrium
26.The two major components of
Atmosphere are 09(071)
(a) carbon and nitrogen
(b) Nitrogen and oxygen
(c) oxygen and chlorine
(d) None of these
27.Which type of reactions do not go
to completion? 09(072)
(a) Irreversible reaction
(b) Reversible reactions
(c) Addition reactions
(d) Decomposition reactions
28.Which type of reactions speed up
gradually? 09(073)
(a) Irreversible reactions
(b) Reversible reactions
(c) Forward reactions
(d) Decomposition reactions
29.Which type of reactions take place
in both directions? 09(074)
(a) addition reactions
(b) reversible reactions
(c) irreversible reactions
(d) decomposition reactions
30. In a chemical reaction, the
substance that combine are called;
(a) reactant 09(075)

mixture? (b) products

(a) NH3 only (c) mass
(b) N2, H2 and NH3 (d) material
(c) N2 and H2 only 31. When a reaction ceases to proceed
(d) H2 only further, it is called; 09(076)

25. For a reaction between PCl3 and Cl2 (a) chemical state s
to form PCl5, the units of Kc are; 09(070) (b) static state
(a) mol dm-3 (b) mol-1 dm-3 (c) physical state
(c) mol-1 dm3 (d) moldm3 (d)dynamic equilibrium state
32. Dynamic means, reaction is: 09(077)
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 (a) in forward direction (a) Kf/Kr
(b) stop (b) Kr/Kf
(c) in reverse direction (c) Kc/Qc
(d) still continuing (d) Qc/Kr
33. The forward reaction takes place: 36. Which chemical is called king of
(a) right to left 09(078) chemicals? 09(081)
(b) left to right (a) KNO3
(c) only to right (b) H2SO4
(d) only to left (c) HCl
34. The units of molar concentration: (d) NHO3
(a) mol.dm2 09(079)

(b) mol. dm1

(c) mol. dm
(d) mol.dm3
35. Equilibrium constant value “K c”
is equal to; 09(080)