HWA CHONG INSTITUTION

C1 Block Test
Higher 2

CANDIDATE
CT GROUP 13S
NAME

CHEMISTRY 9647/03
Paper 3 Free Response 3 July 2013
1h
Candidates answer on separate paper.
Additional Materials: Answer Paper
Data Booklet.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name and class on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer both questions.

Answer the questions on the writing paper provided.

Begin each question on a new piece of paper.
You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
Write down the question numbers for the questions that you have attempted on the cover page
provided.

This question booklet consists of 4 printed pages.

 2
Answer both questions.

1 (a) Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen react as follows:

NO(g) + ½O2(g) → NO2(g)

The results of some investigations of this reaction are shown below.

Experiment Initial concentration /mol dm–3 Initial rate of reaction

number NO O2 /mol dm–3 s–1
1 2.80 × 10–3 1.44 × 10–3 6.90 × 10–5
2 2.80 × 10–3 2.88 × 10–3 1.38 × 10–4
3 8.40 × 10–3 4.32 × 10–3 1.87 × 10–3
4 5.60 × 10–2 1.44 × 10–4 2.76 × 10–3

(i) Use these data to determine the order of reaction with respect to each of the
reactants, NO and O2.

(ii) Write the rate equation for the reaction.

(iii) Calculate the rate constant, giving its units.

(iv) Sketch a graph to show how the concentration of O2 changes with time during the
reaction in Experiment 4. Indicate qualitatively any important features of the graph.

(v) Explain how a graph like the one you sketched in (a)(iv) can be used to determine
the initial rate of the reaction.
[8]

(b) The structure of carbon dioxide, CO2, is given below.

O C O

Describe the requirements needed for two molecules to form a hydrogen bond between
them. Illustrate your answer by drawing a labelled diagram showing how a CO2 molecule
and a H2O molecule can form a hydrogen bond.
[3]

(c) In the industrial liquefaction of air, high-pressure air is pre-cooled in a coil surrounded by
cold water. It is then allowed to expand into a region of low pressure, whereupon it cools
down by a large amount.

(i) Explain in molecular terms why the expansion of air into a region of low pressure is
an endothermic process.

(ii) Ideal gases do not show the "endothermic behaviour" described in (c)(i). Which
assumption of ideal gases explains this?

Gases like CO2 may be liquefied at room temperature just by pressurising them.

(iii) Suggest why the application of pressure can cause a gas to liquefy.

2013 HCI C1 H2 Chemistry Block Test / Paper 3

 3

Gases can only be liquefied by pressure alone if their temperature is below their critical
temperature, Tc. Above the critical temperature, no amount of pressure will liquefy a gas.

The table below shows the critical temperatures of CH4, NH3 and CO2.

gas formula Mr critical temperature, Tc /oC

methane CH4 16 –82
carbon dioxide CO2 44 31
ammonia NH3 17 133

(iv) By considering how the average kinetic energy of gas molecules is affected by
temperature, suggest why a gas cannot be liquefied by applying pressure if the
temperature of the gas is above its Tc.

(v) Give reasoning for each of the following observations:

• The critical temperature of CO2 is higher than that of CH4.
• The critical temperature of NH3 is higher than that of CH4.
[9]

[Total: 20]

2013 HCI C1 H2 Chemistry Block Test / Paper 3

 4

2 (a) (i) Construct a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of Al2O3 from its elements and
calculate the lattice energy, L.E., of Al2O3 from the following data:

∆H / kJ mol–1
Enthalpy change of formation of Al2O3(s) –1676
First electron affinity of oxygen –141
Second electron affinity of oxygen +844
Enthalpy change of atomisation of Al(s) +326

(ii) By quoting appropriate data from the Data Booklet, suggest and explain how the
magnitude of the lattice energy of Al2O3 compares to that of Na2O. [8]

(b) (i) Define the term standard enthalpy change of solution, ∆Hosol.

(ii) The equation relating ∆Hsol to lattice energy is given below.

∆Hsol = −L.E. + ∆Hhyd

Considering that Al2O3 is insoluble in water, use the equation above to predict how
the magnitude of ∆Hhyd would compare to that of L.E. and whether dissolution of
Al2O3 would be an exothermic or endothermic process.

(iii) By means of a suitable energy cycle, calculate the enthalpy change of solution, ∆Hsol,
for Al2O3(s) to confirm your prediction in (b)(ii) using data provided below and your
answer from (a)(i).

∆H / kJ mol–1
3+
Enthalpy change of hydration of Al –4690
Enthalpy change of hydration of O2− –937
[6]

(c) (i) Solid Al2O3 is obtained from the Thermite reaction between Al(s) and Fe2O3(s).

If 0.54 g of Al is reacted with 1.59 g of Fe2O3, determine the amount (in moles) of
electrons transferred and hence the final oxidation state of Fe.

(ii) Write the overall balanced equation for the reaction between Al and Fe2O3.
[3]

(d) The values of the bond energies and enthalpy change of vapourisation, ∆Hvap, for chlorine,
bromine and iodine are given in the table below.

(∆Hvap refers to the energy required to convert 1 mole of a substance from liquid to
gaseous state.)

Bond energy/ kJ mol−1 ∆Hvap / kJ mol−1

Chlorine 244 +10.2
Bromine 193 +15.0
Iodine 151 +20.9

Explain the trends of the bond energies and ∆Hvap observed. [3]

[Total: 20]

2013 HCI C1 H2 Chemistry Block Test / Paper 3