8/22/2017 Failure Modes of RCC Beams Strengthened with NSM FRP Techniques

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8/22/2017 Failure Modes of RCC Beams Strengthened with NSM FRP Techniques

The near surface mounted strengthening of reinforced concrete beams improves its
flexural strength. Failure modes of such beams is discussed.

Reinforced concrete beams are likely to deteriorate during their life service as a
consequence of several factors for instance applied loads, environmental effects, and
impact. In this case, it would be required to rehabilitate the reinforced concrete
element so as to regain its load carrying capacity.

The previous cases are normally prevalent in existing beams, but there are cases in
which newly constructed reinforced concrete member need flexural repairing for
instance due to errors in the design and construction the beam will not be able to
support the design load and hence it will be necessary to carry out rehabilitation
process to upgrade the strength of the element.

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8/22/2017 Failure Modes of RCC Beams Strengthened with NSM FRP Techniques

The use of near surface mounted fiber reinforced polymer technique is novel
technique that effectively improve the strength of reinforced concrete beams in
flexure. The process includes cutting grooves into the beam underside and placing
FRP bars into the grooves and bonding to concrete using proper adhesive agent.

Commonly, the rehabilitated reinforced concrete beams would suffer from failure
when its ultimate load carrying capacity is realized. The modes of failure of
reinforced concrete beam strengthened with NSM FRP technique, which have been
described in the literatures are explained in this article.

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8/22/2017 Failure Modes of RCC Beams Strengthened with NSM FRP Techniques

Modes of Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beam

Strengthened with NSM FRP Technique
There are two main failure modes of strengthened beams, when the composite
action between materials are good and in this case the element is fail by rupture of
FRP bars or strips and crushing of concrete.

The second type is premature failure which occurs when the materials loss their
composite action and it can be in different mechanisms which are explained below.

Interfacial Debonding between Epoxy and Bar

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8/22/2017 Failure Modes of RCC Beams Strengthened with NSM FRP Techniques

This type of failure occurs between FRP rod and groove filler interface and it is
dangerous in the case of sandblasted bar if the opening size is adequate to prevent
splitting failure. It is claimed by De Lorenzis and Teng (2007) that this kind of failure
is advanced as a result of flexural cracks crossing cover of epoxy.

Splitting concrete cover

This mode of failure occurs due to debonding cracks at the bottom side of the beam
and after these inclined cracks propagates and reaches the edge of the element after
that it might direct up on the lateral side of the beam whilst preserving 45o
inclination and within the thickness of the cover. Then, it develops along the beam at
the level of steel reinforcement.

Finally, different shapes of debonding are going to happen depend on the following
crack patterns:

End Cover and Bar Splitting

When the extension of FRP bar is ended at a fairly long distance from the support,
the failure begins at the part of the element where the bar is finished. After that the
cracks develop to the middle of the beam.

Cover Separation due to Flexural Crack

In this type of failure the bond crack takes place virtually at the same time all over
the NSM FRP reinforcement. The maximum moment and one of the shear span area
is engaged in most of the times.

Localized Cover Separation

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8/22/2017 Failure Modes of RCC Beams Strengthened with NSM FRP Techniques

In this mode of failure a trapezoidal or triangle piece of concrete is separated due to

the combination of bond cracks around the maximum moment area, shear and
flexural cracks which the last two types of cracks occur before the first one.

Finally, one or some pieces of concrete will be off the element.

Beam Edge Cover Splitting

The concrete cover might be separated along the beam due to the position of the
NSM FRP bar which is settled close to the edge of the element.

Failure at the Interface between the Concrete and Epoxy

When the cutting of the beam is even and level this kind of failure become
dangerous and this has been noticed by (Lorenzis et al., 2004) in their investigation
for spirally wounded or ribbed bar with small projection on the surface of the bars
entrenched into the groove filler.

It is claimed by Hassan and Rizkalla (2003) that for the strips which possess
inadequate entrenched length this failure mode starts from the end of the strips.

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8/22/2017 Failure Modes of RCC Beams Strengthened with NSM FRP Techniques

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