Rau's IAS

TEST SERIES
PRE – 2021
English

MODERN INDIA -1
TOPIC TEST - 4
Rs. 20/-
 Test is part of Rau’s IAS Test series for Preliminary Exam 202 1

Test Code
GENERAL STUDIES (PAPER–I) TS21E1008
MODERN INDIA-1

Time Allowed: 1 Hour Maximum Marks: 100

INSTRUCTIONS

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2. This Test Booklet contains 50 items (questions). Each item is printed in English Only. Each item
comprises four responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the
Answer Sheet. In case you feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response
which you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.

3. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet (OMR sheet) provided.
Read the directions in the Answer Sheet.

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you have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions contained therein.

6. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has
concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to
take away with you the Test Booklet.

7. Penalty for wrong answers:

THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.

(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a
wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that
question will be deducted as penalty.

(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of
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(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for
that question.

This test is part of Rau’s IAS Test series for Preliminary Exam 202 1
1. Consider the following statements about Which of the statements given above are
the Young Bengal Movement: correct?
1. Hindu College in Calcutta was the (a) 1 and 2 only
centre of the Movement. (b) 2 and 3 only
2. The Movement promoted free thinking (c) 1 and 3 only
and rationalism. (d) 1, 2 and 3
3. They promoted taking beef and
drinking wine. 4. Consider the following statements about
Which of the statements given above are Keshub Chandra Sen:
correct? 1. He founded the Indian Reform
Association with the objective of
(a) 1 and 2 only
promoting cheap reading materials.
(b) 2 and 3 only
2. He formed the Adi Brahmo Samaj due
(c) 1 and 3 only
to his differences with Debendra Nath
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Tagore.
3. He married his minor daughter with
2. Consider the following statements about the king of an Indian Principality,
the railways during the colonial times: which led to the formation of the
Sadharan Brahmo Samaj.
1. The Railway Minute was published by
Lord Harding, which tried to convince Which of the statements given above are
correct?
the home authorities on the need for
railways in India. (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
2. The first railway line in India was laid
down between Bombay and Thane. (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
3. The Indian entrepreneurs were given
the responsibility to construct the
railway lines. 5. Consider the following statements about
the Treaty of Amritsar:
Which of the statements given above
1. The Treaty of Amritsar marked the
is/are correct?
end of the First Anglo-Sikh War.
(a) 2 only
2. Under the Treaty, river Sutlej was
(b) 2 and 3 only
accepted as the boundary line
(c) 1 and 3 only between the Sikh dominions and the
(d) 1, 2 and 3 East India Company.
3. It was signed between Maharaja
3. Consider the following statements about Ranjit Singh and the East India
the Faraizi Movement: Company.
Which of the statements given above
1. The centre of the Movement was
is/are correct?
Punjab.
(a) 2 and 3 only
2. The Movement aimed at purging un-
(b) 2 only
Islamic practices among the Muslims.
(c) 1 and 3 only
3. Dudu Mian mobilized the peasantry
(d) 1, 2 and 3
against the Zamindars.

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 1
6. Consider the following statements about Which of the statements given above
the Policy of Ring-Fence: is/are correct?
1. The Policy of Ring-Fence was followed (a) 2 and 3 only
by Governor-General Warren
(b) 2 only
Hastings.
2. It was aimed at creating the buffer (c) 1 and 3 only
zones to defend the Company’s (d) 1, 2 and 3
frontiers.
3. The Policy was reflected in Company’s 9. The Anglo-Nepalese War ended with the
war against the Marathas and Mysore.
signing of the Treaty of Sagauli. Which of
Which of the statements given above
the following statements are correct about
is/are correct?
the Treaty?
(a) 2 and 3 only
1. Nepal accepted a British resident.
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only 2. Nepal ceded the districts of Garhwal
(d) 1, 2 and 3 and Kumaon.
3. Nepal abandoned claims to Terai.
7. Consider the following statements about 4. British accepted Nepal’s claim over
the Subsidiary Alliance System: Sikkim.
1. Under the System, the allying Indian Select the correct answer using the code
state’s ruler was compelled to accept given below:
the permanent stationing of a British
(a) 2 and 3 only
force within his territory.
2. Under the System, the Indian ruler (b) 1, 2 and 3 only
could not employ any European in his (c) 1 and 3 only
service, without the prior approval of (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
the British.
3. Satara was the first state which
signed the Subsidiary Alliance 10. Consider the following statements about
System. the Treaty of Yandabo:
Which of the statements given above are 1. The Treaty of Yandabo was signed
correct? between the British and the
(a) 2 and 3 only Government of Burma (modern-day
(b) 1 and 2 only Myanmar).
(c) 1 and 3 only 2. Manipur was recognized as an
(d) 1, 2 and 3 independent state.
3. Burma had to abandon her claims on
8. Consider the following statements: Assam.
1. The Policy of Doctrine of Lapse is
Which of the statements given above
attributed to Lord Dalhousie.
is/are correct?
2. The Doctrine stated that the adopted
son could be the heir to his foster (a) 2 and 3 only
father’s private property, but not the (b) 2 only
state. (c) 1 and 3 only
3. Awadh was annexed in 1856 on the (d) 1, 2 and 3
grounds of mis-government.

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 2
11. Consider the following statements about Which of the statements given above
Lord Auckland and his Forward Policy: is/are correct?
1. The Policy implied that the British had (a) 1 and 2 only
to take initiatives to protect the
(b) 1 and 3 only
boundary of British India from a
(c) 3 only
probable French attack.
2. The Tripartite Treaty between the (d) 1, 2 and 3
British, the Sikhs and Shah Shuja
was a part of this Policy. 14. With reference to the Treaty of Allahabad,
3. This objective was to be achieved consider the following statements:
either through treaties with the 1. Robert Clive concluded this Treaty
neighbouring countries or by
after the Battle of Buxar.
annexing them completely.
2. Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to
Which of the statements given above
surrender Allahabad and Kara to
is/are correct?
Emperor Shah Alam II.
(a) 2 and 3 only
3. Shah Alam II granted the Diwani of
(b) 2 only
Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East
(c) 1 and 3 only
India Company.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
12. Consider the following statements about
the Treaty of Gandamak: (a) 1 only
1. The Treaty was signed after the First (b) 1 and 2 only
Anglo-Afghan War. (c) 3 only
2. Under the Treaty, the Amir would (d) 1, 2 and 3
conduct his foreign policy with the
advice of the Government of India.
15. Which of the following statements is/are
3. The Government of India would give
correct regarding the “Dual Government
Amir an annual subsidy.
in Bengal”?
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct? 1. It was introduced by Robert Clive after
the Battle of Buxar.
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only 2. Under this, the Company acquired the
Diwani functions and the Nizamat
(c) 1 and 3 only
functions.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
3. Dalhousie did away with the Dual
System in 1772.
13. With reference to the significance of the
Battle of Plassey, consider the following Select the correct answer using the code
statements: given below:
1. It laid the foundation of the British (a) 1 only
Empire in India. (b) 1 and 2 only
2. Mir Qasim became the Nawab of (c) 1 and 3 only
Bengal after this Battle.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
3. The sovereignty of the English over
Calcutta was recognized.

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 3
16. Which of the following statements is/are 19. With reference to the Santhal Rebellion,
correct about Tipu Sultan? consider the following statements:
1. He organized his army on the 1. Continued oppression of the Santhals,
European model and realized the an agricultural group of Orissa, led to
importance of a naval force. the Rebellion.
2. He was very influenced with the 2. It was under the leadership of Sidhu
French Revolution and also became a and Kanhu.
member of the Jacobian Club.
3. The Santhals proclaimed an end to
3. He sanctioned funds for the repair of
the Company rule.
the Sringeri Temple.
Which of the statements given above
Select the correct answer using the code
is/are correct?
given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

17. Which of the following statements is/are

20. Consider the following statements:
correct about the Sanyasi Revolt?
1. Mainly due to the efforts of Ishwar
1. Harsh economic order and the famine
Chandra Vidyasagar, the Widows’
of 1770 were the causes of the Revolt.
Remarriage Act, 1856, was passed.
2. Equal participation of the Hindus and
the Muslims characterized the 2. Karsondas Mulji founded the Widow
Uprisings. Remarriage Association.
3. Anandamath, by Bankim Chandra 3. Vishnu Shastri Pandit started the
Chattopadhyay, is based on the Satya Prakash in Gujarati to advocate
Sanyasi Revolt. widow remarriage.
Select the correct answer using the code Which of the statements given above
given below: is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
18. Which of the following statements is/are
correct? 21. Consider the following statements
1. The Wahabi Movement was an Islamic regarding Raja Rammohan Roy:
Revivalist Movement founded by Syed 1. He founded the Atmiya Sabha and the
Ahmed of Rai Bareilly Brahmo Sabha.
2. The Kuka Movement was founded by 2. He put his faith in monotheism and
Baba Ram Singh. was against idolatry.
3. The concepts of Swadeshi and Non- 3. Rammohan Roy wanted to establish a
Cooperation were propagated by the new religion.
Kukas.
Which of the statements given above
Select the correct answer using the code is/are correct?
given below:
(a) 1 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 4
22. Consider the following regarding the 4. It is also known as the Act of
causes of the Revolt of 1857: Settlement.
1. Disintegration of the older system of Select the correct answer using the code
Zamindari. given below:
2. The collapse of the rulers–the (a) 1 and 2 only
erstwhile aristocracy.
(b) 3 and 4 only
3. Rampant corruption in the Company’s
administration. (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
4. The Religious Disabilities Act, 1856. (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the causes given above are
correct? 25. Consider the following statements
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only regarding the causes of the Pitt’s India
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only Act of 1784:
(c) 1 and 4 only 1. The Company’s territories in India
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 were, for the first time, called the
‘British possessions in India’.
23. Consider the following pairs: 2. The British Government was given the
S.N. Organization Leader supreme control over the Company’s
affairs and its administration in India.
1. Bharat Stree Sarla Devi
Mahamandal Chaudhurani Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
2. Ladies Social Mehribai Tata
Conference (a) 1 only

3. Arya Mahila Pandita (b) 2 only

Samaj Ramabai (c) Both 1 and 2
Saraswati (d) Neither 1 nor 2
4. National Ramabai
Council of Ranade 26. Consider the following statements about
Women in India
the Indian Councils Act, 1909?
Which of the pairs given above are 1. The Act made the first attempt to
correctly matched? bring in a representative and popular
(a) 1 and 3 only element in the governance of the
(b) 2 and 4 only country.
(c) 2 and 3 only 2. An Indian member was taken for the
(d) 1 and 4 only first time in the Executive Council of
the Governor-General.
24. Which of the following statements are 3. The Act also provided for the separate
correct regarding the Regulating Act of representation of the Universities and
1773? the Zamindars.
1. It introduced the element of Which of the statements given above are
centralized administration.
correct?
2. For the first time, the British Cabinet
(a) 1, 2 and 3
was given the right to exercise control
over the Indian affairs. (b) 1 and 2 only
3. It gave power to the British (c) 1 and 3 only
Government to rule India. (d) 2 and 3 only

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 5
27. With reference to the reforms under 3. Raising the age limit to 23 years for
Warren Hastings (1772-1785), consider recruitment into the ICS.
the following statements: Which of the statements given above are
1. District Diwani Adalats were correct?
established to try civil disputes.
(a) 2 and 3 only
2. Circuit Courts were established to try
(b) 1 and 2 only
criminal disputes.
(c) 1 and 3 only
3. Introduction of the Office of the
District Collector. (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the statements given above are
correct? 30. Consider the following pairs:
(a) 2 and 3 only
S.N. Committee Issue
(b) 1 and 3 only
1. Muddiman Crisis of
(c) 1 and 2 only
Committee Agriculture
(d) 1, 2 and 3
2. Linlithgow Issue of Dyarchy
28. With reference to the Cornwallis Code, Commission
consider the following statements: Which of the pairs given above is/are
1. There was a separation of revenue and correctly matched?
justice administration. (a) 1 only
2. The European subjects were kept out (b) 2 only
of the jurisdiction of the courts.
(c) Both 1 and 2
3. Government officials were answerable
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
to the Civil Courts for the actions
done in their official capacity.
4. The principle of Sovereignty of Law 31. Which of the following statements is/are
was established. correct regarding the Indigo Revolt?
Which of the statements given above are 1. The intelligentsia’s role in the Indigo
correct? Revolt was to have an abiding impact
(a) 2 and 3 only on the emerging nationalist
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only intellectuals.
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only 2. The Hindoo Patriot played an
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 important role in this movement.
3. Dinabandhu Mitra’s play, “Neel
29. With reference to the recommendations Darpan”, portrayed the oppression by
given by the Lee Commission (1924), the indigo planters.
consider the following statements:
Select the correct answer using the code
1. To establish a Public Service
given below:
Commission.
(a) 1 only
2. Direct recruitment to the Imperial
Civil Service (ICS) on the basis of (b) 2 and 3 only
50:50 parity between the Europeans (c) 3 only
and the Indians be reached in 15 (d) 1, 2 and 3
years.

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 6
32. Consider the following pairs: 2. It liberated the Indian Press from
S.N. Centres of the Leaders restrictions.
1857 Revolt 3. It was replaced by Lord Auckland in
1882.
1. Delhi Kunwar Singh
Select the correct answer using the code
2. Jhansi Rani Laxmibai given below:
3. Bihar Bakht Khan (a) 1 only
Which of the pairs given above is/are (b) 2 and 3 only
correctly matched? (c) 1 and 3 only
(a) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only 36. Which of the following statements about
(d) 1, 2 and 3 the Ilbert Bill is/are correct?
1. According to the original Bill, the
33. Consider the following statements: Indian judges could try the Europeans
1. The Paikas were the peasant militias also.
of the Gajapati rulers of Orissa. 2. It was passed without any
2. The Paikas arose under the leadership amendment, despite the vehement
of Baxi Jagabandhu and shook the opposition of the British residents in
foundations of the British in the India.
eastern part of India in 1817. Select the correct answer using the code
Which of the statements given above given below:
is/are correct? (a) 1 only
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
37. Consider the following statements:
34. Which of the following statements about 1. In India, the Act of 1858 provided that
Swami Dayanand is/are incorrect? the Governor - General would have an
1. He opposed idolatry, rituals and Executive Council, whose members
priesthood. were to act as the heads of different
departments and as his official
2. He considered the Puranas to be full
advisers.
of falsehood.
2. The Indian Councils Act of 1861
3. He considered the Vedas to be fallible.
enlarged the Governor - General's
Select the correct answer using the code
Council for the purpose of making
given below:
laws, in which capacity it was known
(a) 3 only as the Imperial Legislative Council.
(b) 1 and 2 only Which of the statements given above
(c) 2 only is/are correct?
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
35. Which of the following statements is/are (c) Both 1 and 2
correct about the Vernacular Press Act, (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1878?
1. It was passed by Lord Lytton.

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 7
38. Consider the following statements about Which of the statements given above are
the Pre-Congress political associations in correct?
India: (a) 1 and 2 only
1. The Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
was formed by the associates of Raja
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Rammohan Roy.
2. The British Indian Association was 41. Which of the following events took place
founded by Radhakant Dev to secure during the reign of Governor General
improvements in the local William Bentinck?
administration. 1. Abolition of Sati
3. The Indian League was founded by 2. Suppression of Thugi
Sisir Kumar Ghosh. 3. Introduction of English as the official
language
Which of the statements given above are
4. Removing restrictions on the Press
correct?
Select the correct answer using the code
(a) 1 and 2 only given below:
(b) 2 and 3 only (a) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (b) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only

39. Consider the following statements about 42. Consider the following statements:
the Mahalwari System: 1. Behramji Malabari founded Seva
1. In this System, revenue settlement Sadan to work against child
was made with an individual farmer marriages.
and the Company. 2. The Theosophical Society was founded
by Annie Besant.
2. Thomas Munro played an important
3. Prarthana Samaj was founded by
role in the introduction of the
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar.
Mahalwari System in India.
Which of the statements given above
3. The Saharanpur Rules were related to is/are correct?
the Mahalwari System. (a) 1 only
Which of the statements given above (b) 2 and 3 only
is/are correct? (c) 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 3 only
43. Consider the following statements about
(c) 1 and 3 only Police Reforms during the reign of Lord
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Cornwallis:
1. Cornwallis gave important role to the
Zamindars in the policing system.
40. Consider the following statements about
2. The Office of the Superintendent of
the Charter Act of 1813:
Police at the head of the district was
1. All trade related monopoly rights of mandated.
the East India Company were ended. Which of the statements given above
2. The Christian Missionaries were is/are correct?
allowed to come and preach their (a) 1 only
religion in India. (b) 2 only
3. Provision of Rs. 1 lakh was made for (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
the education of the Indians.

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 8
44. Consider the following statements about Which of the statements given above
Civil Services during the British times: is/are correct?
1. Fort William College was set up by (a) 2 only
Wellesley for the training of the Civil
(b) 2 and 3 only
Servants.
(c) 2 only
2. The Charter Act of 1853 ended the
Company's patronage mandating (d) 1, 2 and 3
recruitment through an open
competition. 48. Consider the following statements:
3. The Charter Act of 1813 threw the 1. Haidar Ali took the help of the French
Services open to the Indians. to set up an arms factory at Dindigul.
Which of the statements given above are
2. He introduced the Western methods of
correct?
training for his army.
(a) 1 and 2 only
3. He brought to submission the
(b) 2 and 3 only
troublesome Poligars of South India.
(c) 1 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above
(d) 1, 2 and 3
is/are correct?
(a) 2 only
45. Consider the following statements about
Maharaja Ranjit Singh: (b) 2 and 3 only
1. He was associated with the (c) 2 only
Sukarchakiya Misl. (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. He had acquired Jammu and
Kashmir.
49. The Treaty of Seringapatam was signed
Which of the statements given above during the reign of which of the following
is/are correct?
Governor Generals of India?
(a) 1 only
(a) Lord Auckland
(b) 2 only
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) Lord Mayo
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) None of the above.

46. The Battle of Wandiwash (1760) was

fought between 50. Consider the following statements:
(a) French and English 1. The Pindaris, made up of many castes
(b) French and Dutch and classes, were attached to the
(c) Dutch and English Maratha armies as mercenaries.
(d) English and Portuguese 2. Amir Khan and Karim Khan were the
leaders of the Pindaris.
47. Consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above
1. The founder of the independent is/are correct?
principality of Awadh was Kilich (a) 1 only
Khan.
(b) 2 only
2. Murshid Kuli Khan was the founder of
(c) Both 1 and 2
the independent state of Bengal.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. The founder of Independent
Hyderabad was Saadat Khan.

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 9
 RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE
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a b c d a b c d a b c d a b c d
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25 50 75 100
Answers &
Explanations
of

TEST CODE: TS21E1008

GENERAL STUDIES (PAPER – I)

MODERN INDIA-1
 ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS OF
MODERN INDIA-1
GS Paper-I (TS21E1008)

1. Answer: (d) influence upon the Muslims and a call for

Explanation: social justice.
Young Bengal was a socio-intellectual After Haji Shariatullah passed away, the
label, that was given by the contemporary leadership of the Movement came in the
Calcutta society to the students of Hindu hands of his son, Dudu Mian.
College, who followed their teacher, Henry Dudu Mian mobilized the peasantry
Louis Vivian Derozio, a free thinker and against the Zamindars.
rationalist. He transformed the Movement from socio-
As a mark of emancipation from the religious to socio-economic-political. He
decayed traditions, they exulted in taking mobilized the peasantry around an
beef and drinking wine, which they egalitarian ideology.
regarded as a yardstick to measure their
freedom from all religious superstition 4. Answer: (c)
and prejudice, and a notable effort to
Explanation:
break the social fetters.
Keshub Chandra Sen – The programmes
of social reform and the emancipation of
2. Answer: (a) women became the main issues of the
Explanation: controversy between Debendra Nath and
The Railway Minute was published by Keshub, leading to a split in the Brahmo
Lord Dalhousie, which tried to convince Samaj in 1866.
the home authorities on the need for Debendra Nath, unwilling to hurt the
railways in India. national sentiments and alienate the
Only the British companies were given greater Hindu Samaj on these issues, did
the responsibility to construct the railway not approve of any radical change. So, the
lines. problem of 'national identity' became
The first railway line in India was laid paramount in the altercation between
down between Bombay and Thane. them.
Keshub accused Debendra Nath of
3. Answer: (b) Indianizing Brahmaism, making it
another Hindu sect. The young Brahmas
Explanation:
were already sulking under the
The Faraizi Movement – It was a
'authoritarian' attitude of Debendra Nath.
religious reform movement, launched by
They tried to challenge his authority by
Haji Shariatullah of Faridpur in East
forming the Pratinidhi Sabha (The
Bengal, mostly among the peasants of
Representative Assembly) in 1864.
eastern Bengal.
Keshub led this group in the struggles for
The Faraizi Movement became very
religious independence and progress in
popular among the Muslim peasantry in
the Brahmo Samaj, demanding
various districts of Bengal during the
democratic and constitutional control
British rule. It sought to purify Islam by
over the Samaj affairs. Tagore did not
purging all un-Islamic beliefs and
yield and the formal break between them
practices, and by signifying Koran as
took place in 1866.
their sole spiritual guide. The Movement
Keshub named his Samaj, the
was also concerned with the British
'Bharatbarsiya Brahmo Samaj' (The

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 1
 Brahmo Samaj of India), while the old one
came to be known as the Adi (The
original) Samaj.
He founded the Indian Reform
Association upon his return from
England. It aimed at 5 areas:
(1) Charity
(2) Temperance
(3) Improvement of women's social and
material condition
(4) Mass education through the mother
tongue
(5) Access to cheap reading materials
The public announcement of the marriage
of Keshub's minor daughter with the
Maharaja of Kuch Bihar in February,
1878, widened the hostility between the
two groups. To the utter dismay of the
rationalist Brahmos, Keshub contravened
the Brahmo Marriage Act of 1878 and
justified his daughter's marriage as
'providential'. So, the split became
inevitable and the progressive splinter
group formed the Sadharan Brahmo
Samaj in 1875.
5. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Treaty of Amritsar was signed
between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the
British East India Company (not the
British Government).
It was signed in 1809, much before the
occurrence of the First Anglo-Sikh War
(1845-46).
Under the Treaty, river Sutlej was
accepted as the boundary line between
the Sikh dominions and the Company’s.
6. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Warren Hastings took charge as the
Governor-General at a critical period of
the British rule, when the British were to
encounter the powerful combination of
the Marathas, Mysore and Hyderabad.
He followed a Policy of Ring-Fence, which
aimed at creating the buffer zones to
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
defend the Company’s frontiers. Broadly
speaking, it was ‘the Policy of Defence’ of
their neighbours’ frontiers for
safeguarding their own territories.
This Policy of Warren Hastings was
reflected in his war against the Marathas
and Mysore.
Wellesley’s Policy of Subsidiary Alliance
was, in fact, an extension of the Ring-
Fence System, which sought to reduce
the Indian states into a position of
dependence on the British government.
7. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Subsidiary Alliance System was used
by Lord Wellesley, who was the Governor-
General from 1798-1805, to build an
empire in India.
Under the System, the allying Indian
state’s ruler was compelled to accept the
permanent stationing of a British force
within his territory and to pay a subsidy
for its maintenance.
Also, the Indian ruler had to agree to the
posting of a British Resident in his court.
Under the System, the Indian ruler could
not employ any European in his service,
without the prior approval of the British.
Nor could he negotiate with any other
Indian ruler, without consulting the
Governor-General. In return for all this,
the British would defend the ruler from
his enemies and adopt a policy of non-
interference in the internal matters of the
allied state.
The first Indian state to fall into this
protection trap (which anticipated the
Subsidiary Alliance System) was Awadh,
which, in 1765, signed a Treaty under
which the Company pledged to defend the
frontiers of Awadh on the condition of the
Nawab defraying the expenses of such
defence.
8. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
In simple terms, the Doctrine of Lapse
stated that the adopted son could be the
2
 heir to his foster father’s private property,
but not the state. It was for the
paramount power (the British) to decide
whether to bestow the state on the
adopted son or to annex it.
Though this Policy is attributed to Lord
Dalhousie (1848-56), he was not its
originator. It was a coincidence that
during his Governor-Generalship, several
important cases arose in which the
‘Doctrine’ could be applied.
The most important of these were Satara
(1848), Jhansi and Nagpur (1854). The
other small states included Jaitpur
(Bundelkhand), Sambhalpur (Orissa) and
Baghat (Madhya Pradesh).
Lord Dalhousie annexed Awadh in 1856,
after deposing Nawab Wajid Ali Shah on
grounds of mis-government.
9. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Gorkhas wrested the control of Nepal
from the successors of Ranjit Malla of
Bhatgaon in 1760. They began to expand
their dominion beyond the mountains. In
1801, the English annexed Gorakhpur,
which brought the Gorkhas’ boundary
and the Company’s boundary together.
The Anglo-Nepalese War ended in the
Treaty of Sagauli, 1816, which was in
favour of the British. As per the Treaty
• Nepal accepted a British resident.
• Nepal ceded the districts of Garhwal
and Kumaon, and abandoned claims
to Terai.
• Nepal also withdrew from Sikkim.
10. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Peace between Burma and British was
established in 1826 with the Treaty of
Yandabo, which provided that the
Government of Burma
• pay rupees one crore as war
compensation;
• cede its coastal provinces of Arakan
and Tenasserim;
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
• abandon claims on Assam, Cachar
and Jaintia;
• recognize Manipur as an independent
state;
• negotiate a commercial treaty with
Britain; and
• accept a British resident at Ava, while
posting a Burmese envoy at Calcutta.
11. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Lord Auckland, who came to India as the
Governor-General in 1836, advocated a
Forward Policy. The English Company in
India itself had to take initiatives to
protect the boundary of British India from
a probable Russian attack.
This objective was to be achieved either
through treaties with the neighbouring
countries or by annexing them
completely. The Amir of Afghanistan, Dost
Mohammed, wanted British friendship,
but made it conditional on the British
helping him to recover Peshawar from the
Sikhs – a condition which the British
government in India rejected.
Dost Mohammed now turned to Russia
and Persia for help.
This prompted the British government to
go ahead with the Forward Policy and a
Tripartite Treaty (1838) was entered into
by the British, the Sikhs and Shah Shuja
(who had been deposed from the Afghan
throne in 1809 and had been living since
then as a British pensioner at Ludhiana).
12. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Treaty of Gandamak, which was
signed after the Second Anglo-Afghan
War, provided that:
• the Amir conduct his foreign policy
with the advice of the Government of
India;
• a permanent British resident be
stationed at Kabul; and
• the Government of India give Amir all
support against foreign aggression
and an annual subsidy.
3
13. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Significance of the Battle of Plassey –
• Mir Jafar became the Nawab of
Bengal. He gave large sums of money
and the Zamindari of 24 Parganas to
the English.
• The Battle of Plassey had political
significance, for it laid the
foundation of the British Empire in
India.
• The Battle established the military
supremacy of the English in Bengal.
• They obtained a grant of territories for
the maintenance of the military force.
• There was no apparent change in the
form of government.
• The sovereignty of the English over
Calcutta was recognized and the
English posted a Resident at the
Nawab’s court.
14. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
• Robert Clive concluded two
important treaties at Allahabad in
August, 1765, one with the Nawab
of Awadh and the other with the
Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II.
• Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula agreed to:
(i) surrender Allahabad and Kara to
Emperor Shah Alam II;
(ii) pay Rs. 50 lakh to the Company as
war indemnity; and
(iii) give Balwant Singh, the Zamindar of
Banaras, full possession of his estate.
• Shah Alam II agreed to:
(i) reside at Allahabad, to be ceded to
him by the Nawab of Awadh, under
the Company’s protection;
(ii) issue a farman granting the Diwani of
Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East
India Company in lieu of an annual
payment of Rs. 26 lakh; and
(iii) a provision of Rs. 53 lakh to the
Company in return for the Nizamat
functions (military defence, police and
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
administration of justice) of the said
provinces.
15. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• After the Battle of Buxar, the East
India Company became the real
masters of Bengal.
• Robert Clive introduced the Dual
System of Government, i.e., the rule of
the two – the Company and the
Nawab – in Bengal, in which both the
Diwani, i.e., collecting revenues, and
Nizamat, i.e., police and judicial
functions, came under the control of
the Company.
• The Company exercised the Diwani
rights as the Diwan and the Nizamat
rights through its right to nominate
the Deputy Subahdar.
• The Company acquired the Diwani
functions from the Emperor and the
Nizamat functions from the Subahdar
of Bengal.
• The System held a great advantage for
the Company. It left the appearance of
the authority to the puppet Indian
ruler, while keeping the sovereign
power in the hands of the Company.
• Warren Hastings did away with the
Dual System in 1772.
16. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
• Tipu Sultan was born in 1750, to
Haidar Ali and Fatima.
• Tipu was a great warrior (He was
known as the ‘Tiger of Mysore’) and
gave maximum care to the raising and
maintenance of an efficient military
force.
• He organized his army on the
European model.
• Tipu realized the importance of a
naval force. Three dockyards were
established at Mangalore, Wajedabad
and Molidabad.
4
 • Tipu was a great lover of democracy
and a great diplomat. He was very
influenced with the French Revolution
and also became a member of the
Jacobian Club.
• He allowed himself to be called Citizen
Tipu. He planted the Tree of Liberty at
Seringapatam.
• He sanctioned funds for the repair
of the Sringeri Temple and
installation of the idol of Goddess
Sarada.
17. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
• The disastrous famine of 1770 and
the harsh economic order of the
British compelled a group of Sanyasis
in Eastern India to fight the British
yoke.
• Originally peasants, even some evicted
from land, these Sanyasis were joined
by a large number of dispossessed
small Zamindars, disbanded soldiers
and rural poor.
• They raided Company’s factories and
19. Answer: (b)
the treasuries, and fought the
Company’s forces.
• It was only after a prolonged action
that Warren Hastings could subdue
the Sanyasis.
• Equal participation of the Hindus and
the Muslims characterized the
Uprisings, sometimes referred to as
the Fakir Rebellion.
• Anandamath, a semi-historical novel
by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay,
is based on the Sanyasi Revolt.
18. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• The Wahabi Movement was
essentially an Islamic Revivalist
Movement, founded by Syed Ahmed
of Rai Bareilly, who was inspired by
the teachings of Abdul Wahab (1703-
87) of Saudi Arabia and Shah
Waliullah of Delhi.
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
• Syed Ahmed condemned the western
influence on Islam and advocated a
return to pure Islam and society, as it
was in the Arabia of the Prophet’s
time.
• The Kuka Movement was founded in
1840 by Bhagat Jawahar Mal (also
called Sian Saheb) in western Punjab.
A major leader of the Movement
after him was Baba Ram Singh. (He
founded the Namdhari Sikh sect.)
After the British took Punjab, the
Movement got transformed from a
religious purification campaign to a
political campaign
• On the political side, the Kukas
wanted to remove the British and
restore Sikh rule over Punjab. They
advocated wearing hand-woven
clothes and boycott of the English
laws and education, and products. So,
the concepts of Swadeshi and Non-
Cooperation were propagated by the
Kukas.
Explanation:
• Continued oppression of the Santhals,
an agricultural group, who had fled to
settle in the plains of the Rajmahal
Hills (Bihar) led to the Santhal
Rebellion against the Zamindars.
• The money-lenders, who had the
support of the police among others,
had joined the Zamindars to subject
the peasants to oppressive exactions
and dispossession of lands.
• The Rebellion turned into an Anti-
British Movement.
• Under Sidhu and Kanhu, two
brothers, the Santhals proclaimed
an end to the Company rule and
declared the area between Bhagalpur
and Rajmahal as autonomous.
• The Rebellion was suppressed by
1856.
5
20. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
• The practice of murdering female
infants, immediately after their birth,
was common among the upper class
Bengalis and the Rajputs, who
considered females to be an economic
burden. The Bengal Regulations of
1795 and 1804 declared infanticide
illegal and equivalent to murder.
• The Brahmo Samaj had the issue of
widow remarriage high on its agenda.
• It was mainly due to the efforts of
Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(1820-91), the principal of Sanskrit
College, Calcutta, that the Hindu
Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856, was
passed. It legalized the marriage of the
22. Answer: (d)
widows and declared issues from such
marriages as legitimate.
• Jagannath Shankar Seth and Bhau
Daji were among the active promoters
of girls’ schools in Maharashtra.
Vishnu Shastri Pandit founded the
Widow Remarriage Association in the
1850s.
• Another prominent worker in this field
was Karsondas Mulji, who started the
Satya Prakash in Gujarati in 1852 to
advocate widow remarriage. Similar
efforts were made by Professor D.K.
Karve in western India and by
Veerasalingam Pantulu in Madras.
21. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Rammohan Roy believed in the
modern scientific approach, and
principles of human dignity and social
equality. He put his faith in
monotheism.
• In 1814, he set up the Atmiya
Sabha (or The Society of Friends) in
Calcutta to propagate the
monotheistic ideals of the Vedanta
and to campaign against idolatry,
caste rigidities, meaningless rituals
and other social ills.
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
• Raja Rammohan Roy founded the
Brahmo Sabha in August, 1828. It
was later renamed Brahmo Samaj.
Through the Sabha he wanted to
institutionalize his ideas and mission.
Prayers, meditation and readings of
the Upanishads were to be the forms
of worship and no graven image,
statue or sculpture, carving, painting,
picture, portrait, etc., were to be
allowed in the Samaj buildings, thus
underlining the Samaj’s opposition to
idolatry and meaningless rituals.
• Rammohan Roy did not want to
establish a new religion. He only
wanted to purify Hinduism of the evil
practices which had crept into it.
Explanation:
The Economic Causes – The colonial
policies of the East India Company
destroyed the traditional economic fabric
of the Indian society. The peasantry was
never really to recover from the
disabilities imposed by the new and a
highly unpopular revenue settlement.
Impoverished by heavy taxation, the
peasants resorted to loans from the
money-lenders and the traders at
usurious rates, the latter often evicting
the former from their land on non-
payment of debt dues. These money-
lenders and traders emerged as the new
landlords, while the scourge of the
landless peasantry and rural
indebtedness has continued to plague the
Indian society to this day. The older
system of Zamindari was forced to
disintegrate.
The Political Causes – The East India
Company’s greedy policy of
aggrandisement, accompanied by broken
pledges and promises, resulted in
contempt for the Company and loss of
political prestige, besides causing
suspicion in the minds of almost all the
ruling princes in India, through such
policies as of ‘Effective Control’,
‘Subsidiary Alliance’ and ‘Doctrine of
Lapse’. The right of succession was
6
 denied to the Hindu princes. The collapse
of the rulers–the erstwhile aristocracy–
also adversely affected those sections of
the Indian society which derived their
sustenance from the cultural and
religious pursuits.
The Administrative Causes – Rampant
corruption in the Company’s
administration, especially among the
police, petty officials and lower law
courts, was a major cause of discontent.
The Socio-Religious Causes – Racial
overtones and a superiority complex
characterized the British administrative
attitude towards the native Indian
population. The activities of the Christian
missionaries, who followed the British
flag in India, were looked upon with
suspicion by the Indians. The attempts at
the socio-religious reforms, such as the
abolition of Sati, support to widow-
marriage and women’s education, were
seen by a large section of the population
as interference in the social and religious
domains of the Indian society by the
outsiders. These fears were compounded
by the government’s decision to tax
mosque and temple lands, and making
laws, such as the Religious Disabilities
Act, 1856, which modified the Hindu
customs, for instance, declaring that
change of religion did not debar a son
from inheriting the property of his
‘heathen’ father.
23. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Women’s Organizations – In 1910,
Sarla Devi Chaudhurani convened the
first meeting of the Bharat Stree
Mahamandal in Allahabad. Considered as
the first major Indian women’s
organization set up by a woman, its
objectives included the promotion of
education for the women, abolition of the
Purdah system and improvement in the
socio-economic and political status of the
women all over India. Sarla Devi believed
that the man working for women’s
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
upliftment lived ‘under the shade of
Manu’.
Ramabai Ranade founded the Ladies
Social Conference (The Bharat Mahila
Parishad), under the parent organization
National Social Conference, in 1904, in
Bombay.
Pandita Ramabai Saraswati founded the
Arya Mahila Samaj to serve the cause of
the women. She pleaded for improvement
in the educational syllabus of the Indian
women before the English Education
Commission, which was referred to
Queen Victoria. This resulted in medical
education for the women, which started
in Lady Dufferin College. Later Ramabai
Ranade established a branch of Arya
Mahila Samaj in Bombay.
In 1925, the National Council of Women
in India, a national branch of the
International Council of Women, was
formed. Mehribai Tata played a vital role
in its formation and advancement. She
opined that the Purdah system, caste
differences and lack of education
prevented the women from working to
solve the societal problems. Other
women, who held important positions on
the Executive Committee of the Council,
included Cornelia Sarabji, India’s first
lady barrister; Tarabai Premchand, wife of
a wealthy banker; Shaffi Tyabji, a
member of one of Mumbai’s leading
Muslim families; and Maharani Sucharu
Devi, daughter of Keshab Chandra Sen.
However, according to the critics, the
philanthropic style that was being
followed by these women was that of the
upper-class English women.
The All India Women’s Conference
(AIWC), founded by Margaret Cousins in
1927, was perhaps the first women’s
organization with an egalitarian
approach. Its first conference was held at
Ferguson College, Pune. Important
founding members included Maharani
Chimnabai Gaekwad, Rani Sahiba of
7
 Sangli, Sarojini Naidu, Kamla Devi
Chattopadhyaya and Lady Dorab Tata.
24. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Act of 1773 (also known as the
Regulating Act) –
• The 1773 Regulating Act brought
about the British government’s
involvement in the Indian affairs, in
an effort to control and regulate the
functioning of the East India
Company. It recognized that the
Company’s role in India extended
beyond mere trade to administrative
and political fields, and introduced
the element of centralized
administration.
• The Directors of the Company were
required to submit all correspondence
regarding revenue affairs, and civil
and military administration to the
government. (Thus, for the first time,
the British Cabinet was given the right
to exercise control over the Indian
affairs.)
• In Bengal, the administration was to
be carried out by the Governor-
General and a Council consisting of 4
members, representing civil and
military government. They were
required to function according to the
majority rule. Warren Hastings and
four others were named in the Act, the
later ones were to be appointed by the
Company.
• A Supreme Court of Judicature was to
be established in Bengal with original
and appellate jurisdictions, where all
subjects could seek redressal. In
practice, however, the Supreme Court
had a debatable jurisdiction vis-a-vis
the Council, which created various
problems.
• The Governor-General could exercise
some powers over Bombay and
Madras–again, a vague provision
which created many problems.
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
Note:
• The Amending Act of 1781 was passed
by the British Parliament to remove
the defects of the Regulating Act,
1773. It is also known as the
Declaratory Act, 1781. The key
provision of this Act was to demarcate
the relations between the Supreme
Court and the Governor General in
Council. It is also known as the Act of
Settlement.
• The Regulating Act of 1773 was
passed to take control of the
Company’s activities. However, the Act
did not give power to the British
Government to rule India.
• Under the Regulating Act of 1773,
Hastings became the Governor-
General of Fort William in Bengal,
with powers of superintendence over
Madras and Bombay.
25. Answer: (c)
Explanation:
The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 –
• The Pitt’s India Act gave the British
Government a large measure of
control over the Company’s affairs. In
fact, the Company became a
subordinate department of the State.
The Company’s territories in India
were termed ‘British possessions’.
• The government’s control over the
Company’s affairs was greatly
extended. A Board of Control,
consisting of the Chancellor of
Exchequer, a Secretary of State and
four members of the Privy Council (to
be appointed by the Crown) were to
exercise control over the Company’s
civil, military and revenue affairs. All
dispatches were to be approved by the
Board. Thus, a dual system of control
was set up.
• A general prohibition was placed on
aggressive wars and treaties (breached
often).
8
 Note:
The Act was significant for two reasons –
1. The Company’s territories in India
were, for the first time, called the
‘British possessions in India’.
2. The British Government was given the
supreme control over the Company’s
affairs and its administration in India.
26. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Indian Councils Act, 1909 –
• Popularly known as the Morley-Minto
Reforms, the Act made the first
attempt to bring in a representative
and popular element in the
governance of the country.
• The strength of the Imperial
Legislative Council was increased.
• With regard to the Central
Government, an Indian member was
taken for the first time in the
Executive Council of the Governor-
General (Satyendra Prasad Sinha was
the first Indian to join the Governor-
General’s–or Viceroy’s– Executive
Council, as the law member.)
• The members of the Provincial
Executive Council were increased.
• The powers of the Legislative
Councils, both Central and Provincial,
were increased.
Under this Act, the real power remained
with the Government and the Councils
were left with no functions but criticism.
The introduction of separate electorates
for the Muslims created new problems.
Besides separate electorates for the
Muslims, representation in excess of their
population strength was accorded to the
Muslims. Also, the income qualification
for the Muslim voters was kept lower than
that for the Hindus. The system of
election was very indirect.
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
Thus, the representation of the people at
large remained remote and unreal.
Note: The Act also provided for the
separate representation of the Presidency
Corporation, Chambers of Commerce,
Universities and Zamindars.
27. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Reforms under Warren Hastings (1772-
1785) –
• District Diwani Adalats were
established in the districts to try civil
disputes. These Adalats were placed
under the Collector and had the
Hindu Law applicable for the Hindus
and the Muslim Law for the Muslims.
The appeal from the District Diwani
Adalats lay to the Sadar Diwani
Adalat, which functioned under a
President and two members of the
Supreme Council.
• District Fauzdari Adalats were set up
to try criminal disputes and were
placed under an Indian officer,
assisted by the Qazis and the Muftis.
These Adalats also were under the
general supervision of the Collector.
The Muslim Law was administered in
the Fauzdari Adalats. The approval for
the capital punishment and for the
acquisition of the property lay to the
Sadar Nizamat Adalat at
Murshidabad, which was headed by a
Deputy Nizam (an Indian Muslim),
assisted by the chief Qazi and the
chief Mufti.
• Under the Regulating Act of 1773, a
Supreme Court was established at
Calcutta, which was competent to try
all British subjects within Calcutta
and the subordinate factories,
including the Indians and the
Europeans. It had original and
appellate jurisdictions. Often, the
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
clashed with that of other courts.
• The Calcutta Madrasah was
established by Warren Hastings in
9
 1781 for the study of Muslim Law and
related subjects.
• In 1772, Warren Hastings introduced
the Office of the District Collector.
Note: During Lord Cornwallis, the
District Fauzdari Courts were abolished
and, instead, Circuit Courts were
established at Calcutta, Dacca,
Murshidabad and Patna. These Circuit
Courts had European judges and were to
act as the Courts of Appeal for both the
civil and the criminal cases.
28. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Reforms under Cornwallis (1786-1793)
– Separation of Powers –
• The District Fauzdari Courts were
abolished and, instead, Circuit Courts
were established at Calcutta, Dacca,
Murshidabad and Patna. These
Circuit Courts had European judges
and were to act as the Courts of
Appeal for both the civil and the
criminal cases.
• The Sadar Nizamat Adalat was shifted
to Calcutta and was put under the
Governor-General and members of the
Supreme Council, assisted by the
chief Qazi and the chief Mufti.
• The District Diwani Adalat was now
designated as the District, City or the
Zila Court and placed under a District
Judge. The Collector was now
responsible only for the revenue
administration, with no magisterial
functions.
• A gradation of the Civil Courts was
established (for both the Hindu and
the Muslim Laws)–
(i) Munsiff’s Court under Indian officers,
(ii) Registrar’s Court under a European
Judge,
(iii) District Court under the District
Judge,
(iv) Four Circuit Courts as the Provincial
Courts of Appeal,
(v) Sadar Diwani Adalat at Calcutta, and
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
(vi) King-in-Council for appeals of 5,000
pounds and above.
• The Cornwallis Code was laid out –
o There was a separation of revenue and
justice administration.
o The European subjects were also
brought under the jurisdiction.
o Government officials were answerable
to the Civil Courts for the actions
done in their official capacity.
o The principle of Sovereignty of Law
was established.
29. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Lee Commission (1924) – The Lee
Commission recommended that:
• the Secretary of State should continue
to recruit the Imperial Civil Service
(ICS), the Irrigation Branch of the
Service of Engineers, the Indian
Forest Service, etc.;
• the recruitments for the transferred
fields, like education and civil medical
service, be made by the Provincial
Governments;
• direct recruitment to the ICS on the
basis of 50:50 parity between the
Europeans and the Indians be
reached in 15 years;
• a Public Service Commission be
immediately established (as laid down
in the Government of India Act, 1919).
Note: The Aitchison Committee on Public
Services (1886), set up by Dufferin,
recommended raising the age limit to 23
years for recruitment into the ICS.
30. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The Lee Commission went into the Raj’s
failure to recruit enough British officers;
the Muddiman Commission (Reform
Enquiry Committee) looked into the
deadlock within the diarchic
dispensation; and the Linlithgow
Commission inquired into the crisis of the
Indian agriculture.
10
31. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The most militant and widespread of the
peasant movements was the Indigo Revolt
of 1859-60. The indigo planters, nearly all
Europeans, compelled the tenants to
grow indigo, which they processed in the
factories set up in the rural (Mofussil)
areas.
A major reason for the success of the
Indigo Revolt was the tremendous
initiative, co-operation, organization and
discipline of the Ryots. Another reason
was complete unity among the Hindu and
the Muslim peasants. Leadership for the
movement was provided by the more well-
off Ryots and, in some cases, by petty
Zamindars, money-lenders and ex-
employees of the planters.
A significant feature of the Indigo Revolt
was the role of the intelligentsia of
Bengal, which organized a powerful
campaign in support of the rebellious
peasantry. It carried on newspaper
campaigns, organized mass meetings,
prepared memoranda on the peasants’
grievances and supported them in their
legal battles. Outstanding in this respect
was the role of Harish Chandra Mukherji,
editor of the Hindoo Patriot. He published
regular reports from his correspondents
in the rural areas on the planters’
oppression, officials’ partisanship and
peasant resistance.
He himself wrote with passion, anger and
deep knowledge of the problem, which he
raised to a high political level.
Dinabandhu Mitra’s play, Neel Darpan,
was to gain great fame for vividly
portraying the oppression by the planters.
The intelligentsia’s role in the Indigo
Revolt was to have an abiding impact on
the emerging nationalist intellectuals. The
Missionaries were another group which
extended active support to the Indigo
Ryots in their struggle. The Government’s
response to the Revolt was rather
restrained and not as harsh as in the
case of the civil rebellions and the tribal
uprisings.
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
32. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Centres of the 1857 Revolt and
their Leaders –
• Delhi - General Bakht Khan
• Kanpur - Nana Saheb
• Lucknow - Begum Hazrat Mahal
• Bareilly - Khan Bahadur
• Bihar - Kunwar Singh
• Faizabad - Maulvi Ahmadullah
• Jhansi - Rani Laxmibai
• Baghpat - Shah Mal
33. Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Pre-dating, what has been popularly
regarded as the First War of
Independence in 1857, the Paika Bidroha
(The Paika Rebellion) of 1817 in Orissa
briefly shook the foundations of the
British rule in the eastern part of India.
The Paikas were essentially the peasant
militias of the Gajapati rulers of Orissa,
who rendered military service to the king
during the times of war, while taking up
cultivation during the times of peace.
They unfurled the banner of rebellion
against the British under the leadership
of Baxi Jagandhu, as early as 1817, to
throw off the British yoke.
The rulers of Khurda were traditionally
the custodians of the Jagannath Temple
and ruled as the deputy of Lord
Jagannath on the Earth. They symbolized
the political and cultural freedom of the
people of Orissa. The British, having
established their sway over the Bengal
Province and the Madras Province to the
north and the south of Orissa, occupied it
in 1803. The Gajapati King of Orissa,
Mukunda Deva-ll, was a minor then and
initial resistance by Jai Rajguru, the
custodian of Mukunda Deva-II, was put
down brutally and Jai Rajguru was torn
apart alive. A few years later, it was the
Paikas, under Baxi Jagabandhu, the
hereditary chief of the militia army of the
Gajapati King, who rose in rebellion,
11
 taking support of the tribals and other
sections of the society. The rebellion
started in March, 1817 and spread
quickly. Though, the Paikas played a
larger role in the rebellion against the
British, it was, by no means, a rebellion
by a small group of people belonging to a
particular class.
The British were initially taken aback and
then tried to regain the lost ground, but
faced stiff resistance from the rebelling
Paikas. Many a battle ensued with some
victories to the rebels, but the British
finally managed to defeat them within
three months. Baxi Jagabandhu was
finally arrested in 1825 and died in
captivity in 1829.
34. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Swami Dayanand Saraswati considered
the Vedas as eternal and infallible. He
was against idolatry, rituals and
priesthood, and attacked child marriages
and the caste system based on birth;
encouraged inter-caste marriages and
widow marriages. He considered the
Puranas to be full of falsehood.
35. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Vernacular Press Act was passed in
1878 under the Governor General-ship
and Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton, for better
control of the Indian language
newspapers. It was replaced by Lord
Rippon in 1882.
36. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The Ilbert Bill, officially called the
Criminal Procedure Amendment Code
Bill, was introduced in 1883. Its aim was
to give the Indian District Magistrates
and Session Judges the right to try the
Europeans and the British offenders.
It was amended before being passed.
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
37. Answer: (c)
Explanation:
In India, the Act of 1858 provided that
the Governor - General would have an
Executive Council, whose members were
to act as the heads of different
departments and as his official advisers.
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 enlarged
the Governor - General's Council for the
purpose of making laws, in which
capacity it was known as the Imperial
Legislative Council.
38. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha was
formed by the associates of Raja
Rammohan Roy.
The British Indian Association was
founded in Calcutta with Radhakant Dev
and Debendranath Tagore as its
President and Secretary, respectively. The
object of the Association was ‘to secure
improvements in the local administration
of the country and in the system of
government laid down by the Parliament'.
The Association gave leadership to
remove the existing defects in the laws
and civil administration of the country,
and to promote greater welfare of the
Indians.
The Indian League was formed in 1875. It
was founded by Sisir Kumar Ghosh. The
nationalist leaders, like Ananda Mohan
Bose, Durgamohan Das, Nabagopal
Mitra, Surendranath Banerjea and others
were associated with this organization.
The League represented the middle class
and worked to stimulate the sense of
nationalism among the people and to
encourage political education. With a
broad vision of an all India outlook, the
leaders kept the organization above
narrow provincial and communal politics.
But, soon the League foundered and
shortly afterwards, Surendranath
Banerjea founded the Indian Association,
along with his friend Ananda Mohan Bose
in1876.
12
39. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Mahalwari System – It was a form of
revenue settlement practised by
British East India Company in Punjab,
Awadh and Haryana.
Holt Mackenzie and Mirttens Bird played
an important role in the launch of the
Mahalwari Settlement in India. In this
System, revenue settlement was made
with a group of farmers, instead of one
farmer at the village level.
The Saharanpur Rules of 1855 were
related to the Mahalwari System, by
which the revenue demand was made
limited to 50% of the rental value.
40. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The Charter Act of 1813 – In England,
the business interests were pressing for
an end to the Company’s monopoly over
trade in India, because of a spirit of
laissez-faire and the Continental System
by Napoleon, by which the European
ports were closed for Britain. The 1813
Act sought to redress these grievances –
• The Company’s monopoly over trade
in India ended, but the Company
retained the trade with China and the
trade in tea.
• The Company was to retain the
possession of the territories and the
revenue for 20 years more, without
prejudice to the sovereignty of the
Crown. (Thus, the constitutional
position of the British territories in
India was defined explicitly for the
first time.)
• The powers of the Board of Control
were further enlarged.
• A sum of Rs. 1 lakh was to be set
aside for the revival, promotion and
encouragement of literature, learning
RAUSIAS-TS21E1008
and science among the natives of
India, every year. (This was an
important statement from the point of
the State’s responsibility for education.)
• The regulations made by the Councils
of Madras, Bombay and Calcutta were
now required to be laid before the
British Parliament. The constitutional
position of the British territories in
India was, thus, explicitly defined for
the first time.
• Separate accounts were to be kept
regarding commercial transactions
and territorial revenues. The power of
superintendence and the direction of
the Board of Control was not only
defined, but also enlarged
considerably.
• The Christian Missionaries were also
permitted to come to India and preach
their religion.
41. Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Important Events during the reign of
Governor General Bentinck –
1. Abolition of Sati and other cruel rites
2. Suppression of Thugi
3. The Charter Act of 1833
4. The Resolution of 1835, and
educational reforms and introduction
of English as the official language
5. Treaty of perpetual friendship with
Ranjeet Singh
6. Abolition of the Provincial Courts of
Appeal and Circuit set up by
Cornwallis, the appointment of the
Commissioners of Revenue and
Circuit.
42. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Prarthana Samaj was founded in
Bombay. Atmarang Pandurang was its
founder. Ranade was its chief mentor.
13
 Focus Area – Worship and reform of the The 1853 Charter Act ended the
society through emphasis on Company’s patronage, enjoining
monotheism, uplift of women, abolition of recruitment to be through an open
caste discrimination and religious competition.
orthodoxy. Although, the Charter Act of 1833
The Theosophical Society – It was theoretically threw open the Services to
founded in New York, but the the Indians, the relevant provisions were
headquarters shifted to Adyar, near never really implemented. After 1857,
Madras. Madame Blavatsky was its when the Indians claimed a share in
founder along with Col. H. S. Olcott. higher services, the Proclamation of 1858
Annie Besant went to become its declared the British intention of including
important proponents and was its the Indians, freely and impartially, in the
President. offices under the Civil Services.
It drew inspiration from the Upanishads,
the Philosophy of the Vedanta, etc., to 45. Answer: (c)
aim at religious revival and social Explanation:
reforms.
Ranjit Singh was associated with the
Seva Sadan was founded by Behramji Sukarchakiya Misl.
Malabari. It worked for the abolition of
In 1805, Ranjit Singh acquired Jammu
child marriage, forced widowhood and to
and Amritsar, and thus the political
help socially exploited women.
capital (Lahore) and the religious capital
(Amritsar) of Punjab came under the rule
43. Answer: (b) of Ranjit Singh. He also maintained
Explanation: good relations with the Dogras and the
Cornwallis did not give important role to Nepalese, and enlisted them in his army.
the Zamindars in the policing system. He
relieved the zamindars of their police 46. Answer: (a)
duties. Explanation:
Cornwallis organized a regular police Battle of Wandiwash (1760), in the
force to maintain law and order by going history of India, was a confrontation
back to and modernizing the old Indian between the French, under the comte de
system of Thanas in a district under a Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre
Daroga and a Superintendent of Police Coote.
(SP) at the head of a district.
It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-
French struggle in southern India during
44. Answer: (a) the Seven Years’ War (1756–63).
Explanation:
Wellesley set up the Fort William College 47. Answer: (a)
for training of the new recruits. After Explanation:
some time, Wellesley’s college was
The founder of the independent
disapproved by the Court of Directors and
principality of Awadh was Saadat Khan,
instead the East India College was set up
popularly known as Burhan-ul-Mulk.
at Haileybury in England to impart two
years’ training to the recruits.

RAUSIAS-TS21E1008 14
 Murshid Kuli Khan was the founder of 49. Answer: (d)
the independent state of Bengal. He was a Explanation:
capable ruler and made Bengal a The Treaty of Seringapatam – The
prosperous state. Treaty of Seringapatam was signed
The founder of Independent Hyderabad during the reign of Lord Cornwallis.
was Kilich Khan, popularly known as Under this Treaty of 1792, nearly half of
Nizam-ul-Mulk. the Mysorean territory was taken over by
the English.
48. Answer: (d)
Explanation: 50. Answer: (c)
Haidar Ali took the help of the French to Explanation:
set up an arms factory at Dindigul (now The Pindaris, made up of many castes
in Tamil Nadu) and he also introduced and classes, were attached to the
the Western methods of training for his Maratha armies as mercenaries. When
army. He also started to use his the Marathas became weak, the Pindaris
considerable diplomatic skill to could not get regular employment.
outmanoeuvre his opponents. With his
As a consequence, they started
superior military skill, he brought to
plundering neighbouring territories,
submission the troublesome Poligars of
including those of the Company.
South India.
The English charged the Marathas with
giving shelter to the Pindaris. Pindari
leaders like Amir Khan and Karim Khan
surrendered, while Chitu Khan fled into
the jungles.

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