TRANSPO

Intro:

Traffic is one of the biggest problems that our country is facing nowadays especially on Metro
Manila where the business industry is focused on. Metro Manila commuters and motorists alike
spend more than an hour, on average, in traffic every day. Based on Global firm Boston
Consulting Group in 2017 survey, Metro Manila has the third worst traffic situation in Southeast
Asia.

Transportation is an integral part of modern life. (Teknomo, 2016). A good transportation

network is one of every modernized city’s initial priorities because today’s modern society needs
mobility in every aspect of life. (Kumari et al., 2010) and (Rehrl et al., 2007)

Transportation is defined as moving goods and passengers by any types of vehicles from one
location to another. It is further divided into public transport and private transport. Transport
systems consist of several sub-systems such as bus and electrically – operated train.

Buses can only have a maximum capacity of 60 passengers in the Philippines. It may be used for
scheduled bus transport, scheduled coach transport, school transport, private hire, or tourism;
promotional buses may be used for political campaigns and others are privately operated for a
wide range of purposes, including rock and pop band tour vehicles.

On the other hand, a train is a form of transport consisting of a series of connected vehicles that
generally runs along a railroad track to transport cargo or passengers. It includes passenger-
carrying vehicles and can often be very long and fast.

The goal of this study is to compare parameters of bus and electrically – operated train.

Background of the study:

During recent decades several American cities developed new rail transit systems, hoping to
achieve various benefits including increased transit ridership, enhanced transit system
attractiveness, and improved cost efficiency, however, some critics assert that rail investments
are wasteful and even a “disaster,” and cities can achieve greater ridership gains and cost
efficiency with bus transit improvements. The cities selected to represent bus transit were
growing rapidly, with transit systems that expanded from small to medium size, and so
experienced high ridership growth rates during the analysis period, while most rail cities were
large and mature and experienced slow or negative population growth (T.Litman, 2014) while in
fact, rail city ridership actually increased much more in absolute terms, as illustrated in Figure 1.
(Henry and Dobbs 2013)
Many studies relating to these issues have been conducted to investigate and examine various
differences between rail and bus transit performance.

Bus advocates argue that bus service is cheaper and more flexible, and that much of the
preference for rail reflects prejudices rather than real advantages (Hensher 2007; Cain, Flynn,
and McCourt 2009). Bus transit can serve a greater area, and so potentially can attract greater
total ridership than rail, particularly in areas with dispersed destinations. Some critics argue that
rail investments are inequitable on the grounds that they primarily benefit higher-income people
and drain funding from basic bus service used by lower-income, transit dependent people,
however, rail transit tends to provide a superior service quality and social status and also to
attract more riders, particularly discretionary riders. Additionally, it is effective at reducing
traffic and parking congestion, energy consumption and pollution emissions. Rail transit tends to
receive more public support and voters appear more willing to fund rail than bus improvements
because it has more prestige. Rail stations often stimulate transit-oriented development, where
residents own fewer cars, drive less and rely more on alternative modes, which leverages
additional vehicle travel reductions, besides those shifted from automobile to transit. (T.Litman,
2014)

Statement of the problem:

Bus and train serve as one of the common means of mass transportation. For this reason, the
researchers conducted a comparative study of bus and electrically operated train to identify
which of the two will be more convenient and efficient for people.

This study aims to know the following sub-problems:

1. What are the pollutions emitted by bus and electrically – operated Train?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of bus?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of electrically – operated train?
4. Is there any significant difference between bus and electrically – operated Train?
a. Cost
b. Speed
c. Time
Methodology:

In this study, the researchers will use observational approach in the sub – category of
correlational research. The researchers will observe different parameters such as travel time,
costs, convenience, etc. when travelling using a bus and a train in order to compare which of the
two is more efficient.

The researchers will observe the condition of travel by first – hand experience and will conduct
an interview to selected commuters to answer the problems stated in the research.