Online Paid Course

Advanced Math (Part-02)

Lecture -06
Topic: Percentage (Part-02)
Date: 17-09-2020

1
1. Two numbers are respectively 12 % and 25% more than a third number. The first number as a percentage of
2
1
the second number is (`ywU msL¨v, Z…Zxq msL¨v †_‡K h_vµ‡g 12 % Ges 25% †ewk n‡j, cÖ_g msL¨vwU, wØZxq msL¨vwUi KZ
2
kZvsk?)[Aggarwal-322]
(a) 50 (b) 60 (c) 75 (d) 90 Ans: d
Solution:
Let third number be x. 100 a‡i Kiv me‡_‡K mnR:
1 9x
Then, first number = 112 % of x  3q msL¨vwU = 100 n‡j cÖ_g msL¨vwU 100+12.5
2 8 = 112.5 Ges 2q msL¨vwU = 100+25 = 125|
5
Second number = 125% of x = x
4  112.5  100 
1g msL¨vwU 2q msL¨vwUi  % = 90%
 125 
 Required % =    100 %  90%
9 x 4
 8 5x  GLv‡b Kg †ewki ‡Kvb K_v ejv nqwb|

2. In a group of 60 probationary officers, 40% of them were promoted, 12 of them were terminated and rest to
them were placed on probation for the second time. What percent of the probationary officers were placed on
probation for the second time? (60 Rb cÖ‡ekbvix Awdmv‡ii g‡a¨ kZKiv 40 Rb c‡`vbœwZ †cj Ges 12 Rb PvKixPz¨Z nj| evwKiv wØZxq
ev‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡ekbvix Awdmvi wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z jvMj| cÖ‡ekbvix Awdmvi‡`i KZ kZvsk wØZxq ev‡ii Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z jvMj?) (BB Ass:
Director-2001)
a. . 60% b. 50% c. 40% d. 30% Ans: c
Solution:
Promoted 40% of 60 = 24
Terminated = 12
So, placed on probation for second time = 60- (24+12) = 60-36 = 24
24  100
So required percentage =  40%
60

[ gy‡L gy‡L : 60 R‡bi g‡a¨ wZbwU MÖæc 24+12+24 , cÖ_‡g 24 Rb 40% n‡j †kl MÖæ‡ci 24 RbI 40%]

3. The boys and girls in a college are in the ratio 3: 2. If 20% of the boys and 25% of the girls are adults, the
percentage of students who are not adults is (GKwU K‡j‡R evjK I evwjKvi AbycvZ 3:2| evjK‡`i 20% Ges evwjKv‡`i 25% cÖvß
eq¯‹ n‡j, KZ kZvsk wkÿv_©x AcÖvß eq¯‹?)[Aggarwal-240]
(a) 58% (b) 67.5% (c) 78% (d) 82.5% Ans: c
Solution: Let the number of boys and girls be 3x and 2x respectively.
 80   75   12x 3x  39x
Then, No. of students who are not adults =   3x     2x     
 100   100   5 2  10

 39x 1  civgk©: AbycvZ ‡_‡K kZKivi wn‡me Kivi mgq AbycvZ

Required % =    100 %  78% AvKv‡i bv a‡i 100 Gi wfwˇZ a‡i wn‡me Kiv A‡bK mnR|
 10 5x 
gy‡L gy‡L DËi: evjK = 300 Ges evwjK =200 Rb n‡j, evjK‡`i 300 Gi 20% = 60 Ges evwjKv‡`i 200 Gi 25% = 50 Rb cÖvß eq¯‹|
Zvn‡j ‡gvU = 60+50 = 110 | myZivs % = 22% | myZivs AcÖvßeq¯‹ = 100-22 = 78%

4. In an examination it is required to get 296 of the total maximum aggregate marks to pass. A student gets 259
marks and is decided failed. The difference of marks obtained by the student and that required to pass is 5%.
What are the maximum aggregate marks a student can get?(GKwU cixÿvq cv‡ki Rb¨ 296 b¤^i cÖ‡qvRb| GKRb QvÎ 259
b¤^i ‡c‡qI †dj Ki‡jv| QvZwUi cÖvß b¤^i I cvk b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨ 5% n‡j cixÿvq m‡e©v”P b¤^i KZ?)[Aggarwal-151]
(a) 690 (b) 740 (c) 780 (d) None Ans: b
Solution:
Let the maximum marks be x. Shortcut: 5% = (296 -259) = 37 100% =3720=740
5x 37  100
Then, 5% of x = 296 – 259  = 37  x = = 740
100 5
5. Rajan got 76 percent marks and Sonia got 480 marks in a test. The maximum marks of the test is equal to the
marks obtained by Rajan and Sonia together. How many marks did Rajan score in the test? (GKwU cixÿvq ivRb
76% b¤^i Ges †mvwbqv 480 b¤^i cvq| cixÿvi †gvU b¤^i Zv‡`i `yBR‡bi GK‡Î b¤^‡ii mgvb n‡j cixÿvq ivR‡bi b¤^i KZ?)[Aggarwal-99]
(a) 1450 (b) 1520 (c) 1540 (d) 2000 Ans: b
Solution:
Shortcut:
Let, the maximum marks be x.
‡gvU b¤^i 100% n‡j ivRb 76% Ges †mvwbqv 24% |
Then, 76% of x + 480 = x x – 76% of x = 480 GLv‡b
24  480  100  24% = 480(% Gi 20¸Y)
 24% of x = 480  x = 480  x =   = 2000
100  24  myZivs 76% = 7620 = 1520
 76  ïay ivR‡bi †P‡q‡Q ZvB 76%|
 Marks scored by Rajan = 76% of 2000 =   2000  =1520
 100 

6. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other and his marks
was 56% of the sum of their marks. The marks obtained by them are: (GKwU cixÿvq Ask †bqv `yRb QvÎ-QvÎxi g‡a¨ GKRb
Ab¨R‡bi †_‡K 9 b¤^i †ewk cvq Ges Zvi cÖvß b¤^i hw` Zv‡`i `yR‡bi ‡gvU b¤^‡ii 56% nq Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KR‡bi cÖvß b¤^i KZ?) [MTB- MTO.
2015]+[Aggarwal-165]
(a) 39, 30 (b) 41, 32 (c) 42, 33 (d) 43, 34 Ans: c
Solution:
Let their marks be = x and x+9
Shortcut: Total marks of both = 100%
One got 56% so 2nd student got = 44%
Then, x+9 = 56% of (x + 9 +x)
Difference is 56% - 44% = 12% then 12% = 9
56 So, 100% = 75 and 1st 56%= 42 and 2nd 44% =33
Then, x+9 = (2x + 9)
100
 25x+225 = 28x + 126  3x = 99  x = 33. So, their marks are = 33 and 33+9 = 42

7. A scored 30% marks and failed by 15 marks. B scored 40% marks and obtained 35 marks more than those
required to pass. The pass percentage is (A, 30% b¤^i †c‡q 15 b¤^‡ii Rb¨ †dj Kij| B, 40% b¤^i †cj hv cvk b¤^i †_‡K 35
†ewk n‡j, cv‡ki b¤^i KZ kZvsk?)[Aggarwal-229]
(a) 33% (b) 38% (c) 43% (d) 46% Ans: a
Solution: [Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB cixÿv †h‡nZz GKUvB ZvB cvk b¤^i mgvb]
Let total marks = x. Then, (30% of x) + 15 = (40% of x) – 35 Shortcut:
30 40 1 % Gi cv_©K¨ = b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨:
 x  15  x  35  x  50  x  500 ZvB 40%-30% = 10% Gi gvb
100 100 10
15+35 = 50 n‡j cvk gvK©m =
 30 
So, passing marks = (30% of 500) + 15 =   500  15  165 30% + 15 = 150+15 = 165
 100  [15 Kg wKš‘ 35 †ewk ZvB †hvM]
 165  500 ‡Z 165 n‡j 100 †Z 33%
Pass percentage =  100%  33%
 500 
8. Peter got 30% of the maximum marks in an examination and failed by 10 marks. However, Paul who took the
same examination got 40% of the total marks and got 15 marks more than the passing marks. What were the
passing marks in the examination?(wcUvi hLb cixÿvq 30% b¤^i cvq ZLb 10 b¤^‡ii Rb¨ †dBj K‡i| hLb †m 40% b¤^i cvq ZLb
cvk b¤^v‡ii †P‡q 15 b¤^i ewk cvq| cixÿvq cvk b¤^i KZ?)[Aggarwal-Ex-26]
Solution: Shortcut:
Let, the maximum marks be x. % Gi cv_©K¨ = b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨: ZvB
Then, (30% of x) + 10 = (40% of x) – 15 40%-30% = 10% Gi gvb
30 40 10x 10+15 = 25 n‡j cvk gvK©m =
 x + 10 = x - 15  = 25 x = 250
100 100 100 30% + 10 = 75+10 = 85
 30  [10 Kg wKš‘ 15 †ewk ZvB †hvM]
 Passing marks = (30% of 250) + 10 =   250  + 10 = 85 ‡gvU b¤^i 100% ‡ei Kiv jvM‡ebv
 100 
9. If an inspector rejects 0.08% of a product as defective, how many units of the product will he examined in
order to reject 2? ( hw` GKRb cwi`k©K kZKiv 0.08 wU cY¨ ÎæwURwbZ Kvi‡Y evwZj K‡i †`q, Zvn‡j 2wU cY¨ evwZj Kivi Rb¨ KZwU cY¨
cixÿv Ki‡Z nq?) [PKB-(SEO)-2018]
a. 500 b. 1500 c. 2000 d. 2500 Ans:d
Solution: Shortcut:
Let,
The number of required products = x 0.08% = 2
ATQ, 100
1%=
0.08 2  100 .08
x  0.08% = 2 Or, x  = 2 Or, x = = 2500
100 0.08 2  100
100%= = 2500
.08
10. In a competitive examination in State A, 6% candidates got selected from the total appeared candidates. State
B had an equal number of candidates appeared and 7% candidates got selected with 80 more candidates got
selected than A. What was the number of candidates appeared from each State? (GKwU cÖwZ‡hvMxZvg~jK cixÿvq †÷U A
†_‡K me©‡gvU AskMÖnYKvixi 6% cÖwZ‡hvMx Ges †÷U B ‡_‡K mgvb msL¨K AskMÖnYKvixi 7% cÖwZ‡hvMx‡K wbev©wPZ K‡i †`Lv †Mj †h, Zv A Gi
wbe©vwPZ cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i †_‡K 80 Rb †ewk| cÖwZ †÷U †_‡K KZRb K‡i cÖwZ‡hvMx AskMÖnb K‡iwQj? ) Aggarwal-128]
(a) 7600 (b) 8000 (c) 8400 (d) Data inadequate Ans:b
Solution:
Let the number of candidates appeared from each state be x. Shortcut
1% = 80[ratio1:80]
Then, 7% of x – 6% of x = 80
So,100% = 8000[1:80]
 1% of x = 80  x = 80  100 = 8000
Learning point: GLv‡b `y †÷‡Ui AskMÖnY Kvixi msL¨v mgvb nIqvq 6% Ges 7% GKB gyj msL¨vi %| hw` mgvb bv n‡Zv Zvn‡j GKwU‡K
x Ab¨wU‡K y a‡i wn‡me Ki‡Z n‡Zv| Avevi †k‡l cÖwZ †÷‡Ui me AskMÖnYKvixi Avjv`vfv‡e cwigvY †ei Ki‡Z ejvq 100% †ei Ki‡jB DËi|
wKš‘ `y ‡÷U wg‡j ej‡j 2 w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡Zv|
11. Three workers, X, Y and Z, are paid a total of Tk 5,500 for a particular job. X Is paid 133.33% of the amount
paid to Y and Y Is paid 75% of amount paid to Z. How much is paid to Z? (wZbRb kÖwgK X, Y Ges Z ‡K GKwU Kv‡Ri
Rb¨ 5,500 UvKv Ggb fv‡e fvM K‡i ‡`qv n‡jv †h X cvq Y Gi 133.33%| Avevi Y cvq Z Gi 75%| Zvn‡j Z KZ UvKv cv‡e? ) [BDBL
– (SO ) -2017]
a. Tk. 1780 b. B. Tk. 1890 c. Tk. 1975 d. Tk. 2000 Ans: d
Solution:
Ratio of payment of X and Y = 133.33 : 100 or 4:3
Again ratio of Y and Z is Y:Z = 75:100 or 3:4
So, Ratio of X, Y and Z = 4:3:4
Sum of the ratio = 4+3+4 = 11
4
So, Z got = 5500 = 2000 TK. Ans: 2000 Tk.
11
12. An employer pays 3 workers X,Y and Z a total of tk. 36600 a week. X is paid 125% of the amount Y is paid and
80% of the amount Z is paid. How much does X make a week? ( GKRb PvKzix`vZv X, Y Ges Z bv‡g 3 Rb kÖwgK‡K GK
mßv‡n 36600UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i| hw` X ‡K Y Gi 125% Ges Z Gi 80% cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zvn‡j X Gi mvßvwnK Avq KZ UvKv? ) [Basic Bank-
(AM)-2018]
a. 9000 b. 12000 c. 10800, d. 11700 Ans: b
Solution: Let, Z is paid = 100tk
then X is paid 80% of 100 = 80tk
125 100
again X is paid 125% of Y or 125% of Y = X or Y = X So, Y = 80 Y = 64Tk
100 125
Now, X+Y+Z = 80+64+100 = 244
ATQ, 244% = 36600 (‡h‡nZz me¸‡jvB 100 Gi Dci †em K‡i wn‡me Kiv n‡q‡Q ZvB 244% ‡jLv hv‡e|)
36600 36600  80
So, 1% = 80% (X) = = 12000
244 244
13. In a library 20% books are in Bengali, 50% of the remaining are in English and the remaining 9000 are in
various other languages. What is the total number of books in English. (GKwU jvB‡eªix‡Z _vKv eB‡qi g‡a¨ 20% evsjv Ges
Aewkó eB‡qi 50% Bs‡iRx Ges Aewkó 9000 eB Ab¨vb¨ fvlvi| jvB‡eªix‡Z †gvU KZwU eB Av‡Q?)
a. 22500 b. 22400 c. 22505 d. 26500 Ans: a
14. A man gave 30% of his money to his wife, 40% of the remainder to his son and the remaining money equally to
his three daughters. If each daughter get Tk. 224, what does the wife get? (GKRb e¨w³ Zvi ‡gvU m¤ú‡`i 30% ¯¿x‡K
w`‡jb, Aewkó UvKvi 40% Zvi cy·K w`‡jb Gici Aewkó UvKv Zvi wZb Kb¨vi g‡a¨ mgvb nv‡i fvM K‡i w`‡jb| hw` cÖ‡Z¨K Kb¨ 224 UvKv K‡i
cvq Zvn‡j Zvi ¯¿x KZ UvKv †c‡qwQj?)
a. 580 b. 480 c. 380 d. 280 Ans:b
Solution: Let the money be = x
30 x 3x
30% of x for his wife = =
100 10
3x 7x
Remaining (x – )=
10 10 Shortcut:
7x If total is = 100, wife=30 then son = 40% of
For his son 40% of 70 = 28 then rest 100 – (30+28) = 42% then
10 1 daughter got 42%÷3 = 14% So,14% = 224
40 7x 28 x So, 1% = 16 and wife 30% = 480tk
 =
100 10 100
Remaining
7x 28 x 42 x 42 x 1 14x 100
- = For his three daughters  =224  = 224  x = 224  x= 1600
10 100 100 100 3 100 14x
30
Wife get the amount is 30% of 1600 = 1600 = 480
100
[% ev‡` msL¨v‡K Uv‡M©U K‡i cÖkœ mgvavb wb‡q fve‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b Uv‡M©U = 480 ]
15. (W)** Mr. Jones gave 40% of the money he had, to his wife. He also gave 20% of the remaining amount to
each of his three sons. Half of the amount now left was spent on miscellaneous items and the remaining
amount of Tk.12,000 was deposited in the bank. How much money did Mr. Jones have initially? (Rbve Rb Zvi
UvKvi 40% Zvi ¯¿x‡K †`b| Zvi wZb †Q‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Awekó UvKvi 20% K‡i †`b| evKx UvKvi A‡a©K wewfbœ Kv‡R LiP K‡ib Ges evKx 12000
UvKv e¨s‡K Rgv iv‡Lb | cÖ_‡g Rbve R‡bi Kv‡Q KZ UvKv wQj?) [BSBL.(O)-2015,PKB (SEO)-2014, Somobai Bank (Off)-2015-(written)]
[Meghna Bank-(MTO) - 2017 (Written)] + [Aggarwal-Ex-25]
Solution:
Let, Mr, Jones had = Tk. 100 initially.
He gave to his wife = Tk. 40 So, remaining = 100 - 40 = Tk. 60
One son got = 20% of 60 = Tk.12 So, 3 sons got = Tk.12 ×3 = Tk.36
Remaining = Tk. 60- Tk.36 = Tk.24
Now, Spent on miscellaneous items = half of Tk. 24 = 242 = Tk.12
At last Deposited in the bank = 24-12 = Tk.12 Shortcut for MCQ
Now, If he deposited Tk12 in the bank he initially had = Tk. 100 12% = 12000
100  1% = 1000
 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ Tk.1 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ = Tk. SO, 100% = 1,00,000
12
100 12000
 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ Tk.12000 ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ ‘’ = = Tk.1,00,000 Ans.
12
Alternative solution:
Let, Mr Jones total initially amount was = Tk. x
2x 2x 3x
He gave his wife = 40% of x = Tk. ; Remaining amount = x - = Tk.
5 5 5
3x 3x 3x 9x
Each son got = 20% of = ; So three son got = 3 =
5 25 25 25
3x 9x 6x
Remaining amount is  =
5 25 25
6x 1
ATQ,   12000 [ †h‡nZz me UvKv e¨vq nIqvi ci Aewkó UvKvi A‡a©KB n‡jv 12000UvKv|]
25 2
Or, 3x= 3,00,000 x = 100,000 Ans: Tk.1.00,000

16. 10% of the inhabitants of a village having died of cholera, a panic set in, during which 25% of the remaining
inhabitants left the village. The population is then reduced to 4050. Find the number of original inhabitants
(GKwU MÖv‡g 10% †jvK K‡jivq gviv hvq Ges Aewkó RbmsL¨vi 25% MÖvg †Q‡o P‡j hvq| G‡Z MÖv‡g 4050 RbmsL¨v K‡g hvq| MÖv‡g ïiæ‡Z
emevmKvix KZRb wQj|)[Aggarwal-Exm-27]
Solution: gy‡L gy‡L: ‡gvU n«vm = 10% + (90% Gi
Let, the total munber of original inhabitants be x. 25%) =10+22.5 = 32.5% Zvn‡j Aewkó
Then,( 100 – 25)% of ( 100 – 10)% of x = 4050. 100-32.5% = 67.5% Gi gvb = 4050 n‡j
 75 90  27  4050  100 
   x  = 4050  x = 4050 ïiæi 100% =   =6000
 100 100  40
 67.5 
 4050  40 
x =   = 6000  Number of original inhabitants = 6000
 27 

17. In a market research project, 20% opted for Nirma detergent whereas 60% opted for Surf Blue detergent. The
remaining individuals were not certain. If the difference between those who opted for Surf Blue and those who
were uncertain was 720, how many respondents were covered in the survey? (GKwU gv‡K©‡Ui Rwi‡c †`Lv †M‡jv †h, 20%
wbg©v wWUvi‡R›U cQ›` K‡i, 60% mvd© eøy wWUvi‡R›U cQ›` K‡i, Aewkóiv wbw`©ófv‡e †KvbwUB cQ›` K‡i bv| hw` mvd© eøy cQ›` Kiv Ges †KvbwUB
wbw`©ófv‡e cQ›` bv Kiv Ggb †jvK‡`i cv_©K¨ 720 nq Zvn‡j H Rwi‡c †gvU KZRb AskMÖnb K‡iwQj?) [Aggarwal-146]
(a) 1440 (b) 1800 (c) 3600 (d) Data inadequate Ans: b
Solution: Let the total number of respondents be x.
Percentage of uncertain individuals = [100 – (20 + 60)]% = 20%
ATQ,
Short: Awbw`©ó †jv‡K‡`i nvi =(100-60-20)= 20%
60% of x-20% of x = 720  40% of x = 720
GLb % Gi cv_©K¨ (60%-20%) = 40% = 720 Rb
40  720  100  n‡j Rwi‡c AskMÖnbKvix †gvU 100% = 1800 Rb|
 x  720  x    = 1800
100  40 

18. A shopkeeper has a certain number of eggs of which 5% are found to- be broken. He sells 93% of the
remainder and still has 266 eggs left. How many eggs did he originally have? (GKRb †`vKvb`v‡ii Kv‡Q wbw`©ó wKQz wWg
Av‡Q hvi 5% wWg Wv½v | Aewkó wW‡gi 93% wWg wewµ Kivi ci Zvi Kv‡Q 266 wU wWg Aewkó _v‡K| Zvi Kv‡Q g~jZ KZ¸‡jv wWg
wQj?)[Aggarwal-171]
(a) 3800 (b) 4000 (c) 4200 (d) None Ans: b
Solution:
Let the total number of eggs originally be x.
95 x 19 x
Then, number of eggs which are intact = ( 100-5)% of x = =
100 20
19 x 7 19 x Shortcut:
Number of eggs left unsold = (100 – 93)% of = 
20 100 20 95 Gi 7% = 6.65% = 266
7 19 x 266  100  20 myZivs 100% = 4000
  = 266  x = = 4000
100 20 7  19
19. Fresh fruit contains 68% water and dry fruit contains 20% water. How much dry fruit can be obtained from
100 kg of fresh fruits?( †d«k d‡j 68% Ges ïK‡bv d‡j 20% cvwb _vK‡j 100 †KwR IR‡bi †d«k d‡ji IRb, ïK‡bv Ae¯’vq
KZ?)[PKB-(EO)-2019]+[Aggarwal-325]
(a) 32 kg (b) 40 kg (c) 52 kg (d) 80 kg Ans: b
Solution:
GiKg As‡Ki fvlv bv eyS‡j ïay mgvavb †`‡L AsK mnR g‡b n‡jI cixÿvi n‡j cviv hv‡e bv | ZvB Av‡M eySzb:
‡d«m dj n‡”Q Raw materials GUv‡K ïKv‡j ïK‡bv dj n‡e | aiæb, 100 †KwR‡Z 60% cvwb †ei n‡q †M‡j 40 †KwR ïK‡bv dj _vK‡e,| GLb
GB ïK‡bv d‡jI Av‡iv wKQz cvwb _v‡K hvi cwigvY 20% GB 20% n‡jv †mB ïK‡bv d‡ji IRb 40 †KwRi 20% = 8 †KwR| Zvn‡j cvwb ev‡`
me©‡kl cÖvß d‡ji cwigvY 32 †KwR| GB K_vwU‡KB mivmwi ejv n‡h‡Q Gfv‡e †d«m d‡j me©‡gvU cvwb _v‡K 68% (60+8) ZvB Gfv‡e mgvavb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Quantity of solid fruit in 100kg of fresh fruits =(100 - 68)% of 100kg = 32 kg.(me©‡kl cÖvß dj)
Let the quantity of dry fruit obtained be x kg. (32 †KwR n‡”Q ïK‡bv d‡ji 20% cvwb ev` w`‡q 80%)
80 100
Then, (100 – 20)% of x = 32  × x = 32  x = 32 × = 40 kg [ïK‡bv d‡ji 20% cvwb ev` †`qvi Av‡Mi cwigvb 40
100 80
†KwR| GLv‡b 32 Gi 20% ej‡j fzj n‡e, KviY 20% ev` w`‡q 32 n‡q‡Q]
20. Fresh grapes contain 80 percent water while dry grapes contain 10 percent water. If the weight of dry grapes is
250 kg what was its total weight when it was fresh? (†d«k Av½y‡i 80% Ges ïKbv Av½y‡i 10% cvwb _vK‡j 250 †KwR ïKbv
Av½yi, †d«k Ae¯’vq KZ †KwR wQj?)[Aggarwal-327]
(a) 1000 kg (b) 1100 kg (c) 1125 kg (d) 1225 kg Ans: c
Solution: (GUv Av‡Mi AsKUvi D‡ëv cv‡k mgvav‡bi gZ )
Quantity of pulp in fresh grapes = Quantity of pulp in dry grapes [‡d«m †_‡K 80% ev` w`‡j hv n‡e ïKbv †_‡K 10 ev` w`‡jI
Zvn n‡e, KviY †d«m †_‡K mivmwi †k‡li wn‡me wKš‘ ïKbv †_‡K gvSvgvwS wn‡me]
= (100 – 10)% of 250 kg = 90% of 250kg = 225 kg. [80% cvwb ev` w`‡j GUv cvIqv hv‡e]
Let the total weight of fresh grapes be x kg. [x bv a‡i 20% = 225 †_‡K 100% = 1125]
x
Then, 20% of x = 225  = 225 x = 225  5 = 1125 Ans.
5
21. In an area, of the total people 40% were women and 45% coffee drinkers. One-third of the males are coffee
drinkers. Suppose the total number of persons in the area is 100, then the number of female non-coffee
drinkers is(‡Kvb GjvKvq †gvU RbmsL¨vvi 40% gwnjv Ges 45% Kwd cvbKvix| GK Z…Zxqvsk cyiæl Kwd cvbKvix| ‡gvU RbmsL¨v 100 Rb n‡j,
Kwd cvb bv Kiv gwnjvi msL¨v KZ?)[Aggarwal-230]
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) None Ans: a
Solution: gy‡L gy‡L: Kwd cvb K‡i bv Ggb cyiæ‡li msL¨v
Number of women = 40% of 100 = 40 = 60% Gi 3 fv‡Mi 2 fvM = 40% | †h‡nZz †gvU
Number of men = (100 – 40) = 60 Kwd cvb bv Kiv †gvU †jvK 55% Zvn‡j Kwd cvb
Number of coffee drinkers = 45% of 100 = 45 K‡i bv Ggb gwnjv = 55-40 = 15%|
1 cv‡ki mgvavbwU‡Z Nywi‡q wdwi‡q GUvB ejv n‡q‡Q|
Number of male coffee drinkers = of 60 = 20
3
Number of female coffee drinkers = 45- 20 = 25, Number of non coffee drinkers =40-25= 15

22. In a city, 35% of the population is composed of migrants, 20% of whom are from rural areas. Of the local
population, 48% is female while this figure for rural and urban migrants is 30% and 40% respectively. What
percent of the total population comprises of females? (GKwU kn‡ii 35% †jvK Awfevwm, hv‡`i g‡a¨ 20% †jvK MÖvg †_‡K
G‡m‡Q| ¯’vbxq RbM‡bi 48% gwnjv| GLb GB gwnjv‡`i 30% MÖvg †_‡K Ges 40% kni †_‡K G‡m‡Q| †gvU RbmsL¨vi kZKiv KZ Rb
gwnjv?)[Aggarwal-236]
(a) 42.75% (b) 44.5% (c) 48% (d) None Ans:b
Solution:
‡gvU RbmsL¨v = 100 Rb n‡j, Awfevmx = 35 Rb Ges ¯’vbxq = 100-35 = 65 Rb|
MÖvg †_‡K Avmv Awfevmx = 35 Gi 20% = 7 Rb n‡j kû‡i Awfevmx = 35-7 = 28 Rb|
GLb, ¯’vbxq gwnjv = 65 Gi 48% = 31.2 Avevi, kû‡i †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ gwnjv = 28 Gi 40% = 11.2
Ges MÖvg †_‡K AvMZ‡`i g‡a¨ gwnjv = 7 Gi 30% = 2.1| †gvU gwnjv = 31.2+11.2+2.1 = 44.5 ev 44.5%|
Confusion Clear: GLv‡b, 100 a‡i wn‡me Kivq gwnjv‡`i msL¨vq `kwgK G‡m‡Q| wKš‘ 100 Gi RvqMvq
100000 n‡j †Kvb `kwgK Avm‡Zv bv| †h‡nZz GLv‡b †gvU ‡Kvb msL¨v †`qv †bB ZvB % Gi wn‡me Gfv‡e Kiv hv‡e|
23. In a city, 40% of the people are illiterate and 60% are poor. Among the rich, 10% are illiterate. The
percentage of the illiterate poor population is- (GKwU kn‡ii †gvU RbmsL¨vi 40% AwkwÿZ Ges 60% †jvK Mixe| abx‡`i g‡a¨ 10
†jvK AwkwÿZ n‡j Mixe‡`i g‡a¨ Awkwÿ‡Zi nvi KZ? ) [Pubali.B.L.J.Off.Ca.-14] & [Jamuna Bank-(PO)-2017]
a. 36 b. 60 c. 40 d. none Ans:b
Solution:
GLv‡b, ‡gvU = 100 Rb n‡j poor = 60 Rb myZivs, rich = 40 Rb|
Avevi GB 40 Rb rich Gi g‡a¨ 10% illiterate A_©vr 4 Rb rich illiterate
cÖ‡kœ †`qv Av‡Q †gvU illiterate = 40 Rb| ( Av‡Mi †gvU rich = 40 Avi GB †gvU illiterate = 40 GK bv)
Zvn‡j Aewkó illiterate 40-4 = 36 Rb Giv poor illiterate (rich+poor wg‡j 40 Rb illiterate n‡Z n‡e)
GLb DËi †ei Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q What percentage of the poor population is illiterate?
A_©vr poor population 60 R‡bi g‡a¨ kZKiv KZ Rb illiterate?
‡h‡nZz poor population = 60 Rb Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ illiterate Av‡Q 36 Rb
36  100
poor illiterate Gi kZKiv nvi n‡e = 60% | Ans: 60%
60
G ai‡bi cÖkœ ey‡S ey‡S †f‡½ †f‡½ bv Ki‡j gv_v Mig n‡eB, ZvB mgq jvM‡jI fv‡jvfv‡e †evSvi ‡Póv Kiæb:
mvaviY eB‡q †`qv mgvavb:
Let, Total = 100, Poor = 60 and rich = 100-60 = 40
Total illiterate = 40, Rich illiterate = 10% of 40 = 4
36  100
So poor illiterate = 40-4 = 36, Poor illiterate % = = 60%
60
Ab¨ eB‡qi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i eB‡qi cv_©K¨ n‡jv, AsK eyS‡Z ‡h RvqvMvq Avcbvi mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i †mLv‡bB wkÿ‡Ki b¨vq eywS‡q †`qv Av‡Q| m¤ú~Y©
eB‡qi cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi mgvavb Gfv‡e mvRv‡bvi †Póv K‡iwQ| co‡jB eyS‡eb|

24. In a class, 120 students are finance major and 100 students are marketing major 25% of the finance students
and 20% of the marketing students are male. 20% of the male finance students and 25% of the male marketing
students passed the final exam. What percentage of male students passed the exam? ( GKwU K¬v‡ki 120 Rb wdb¨v‡Ýi
QvÎ-QvÎxi g‡a¨ 25% ‡Q‡j Ges 100 Rb gv‡K©wUs wefv‡Mi QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i g‡a¨ 20% ‡Q‡j| wdb¨vÝ wefv‡Mi ‡Q‡j‡`i g‡a¨ 20% Ges gv‡K©wUs
wefv‡Mi †Q‡j‡`i g‡a¨ 25% †Q‡j dvBbvj cixÿvq DËxY© nj| ‡Q‡j‡`i kZKiv KZ Rb cixÿvq DËxY© n‡jv?) (Exim Bank. T.Off. -2015)
a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 22% Ans: d
Solution:
Male of Finanace = 25% of 120 = 30 (25% = 4 fv‡Mi 1 fvM|)
Male of Marketing = 20% = 100 = 20
Male passed from Finance = 20% of 30 = 6 (20% = 5 fv‡Mi 1 fvM)
Male passed from Marketing = 25% of 20 = 5
Be careful:
Total Male students = 30+20 = 50 mKj QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i cv‡ki nvi Avi
And total passed male students = 6+5 = 11 ïay ‡Q‡j‡`i g‡a¨ cv‡ki nvi GK bv|
11 100
Requered % = = 22% (50 R‡b 11 Rb n‡j 100 R‡b 22)
50

25. In a company there are 75% skilled workers and the remaining are unskilled. 80% of skilled workers and 20%
of unskilled workers are permanent. If the number of temporary workers is 126, then what is the total number
of workers? (GKwU †Kv¤úvwb‡Z 75% `ÿ Ges evwKiv A`ÿ| `ÿ Rbkw³i 80% Ges A`ÿ Rbkw³i 20% ¯’vqx| A¯’vqx Rbkw³ 126 Rb
n‡j, †gvU Rbkw³ KZ?)[Aggarwal-232]
(a) 360 (b) 377 (c) 480 (d) 510 Ans: a
Solution: Let the total number of workers be x. Shortcut:
3x ‡gvU 100 Rb n‡j, `ÿ 75 A`ÿ 25
Then, number of skilled workers = 75% of x =
4 ‡gvU A¯’vqx = (75 Gi 20%+ 25 Gi 80%)
 3x  x = 15+20 = 35% Gi gvb 126 |
Number of unskilled workers =  x    myZivs 35% = 126 n‡j 100% = 360
 4 4
 3x x
Number of temporary workers = (100 – 80)% of+ (100 – 20)% of
4 4
3x x  20 3x 80 x  7x  g‡b ivLy b: % ev‡` †h msL¨vwU †`qv
= 20% of + 80% of =     
4 4  100 4 100 4  20 _vK‡e Zv‡K Uv‡M©U K‡iB AsK Kiv ïiæ
Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j A‡bK¸‡jv jvBb ev`
7x  126  20  w`‡qI `ªæZ DËi †ei Kiv hv‡e|
ATQ,  126 x =    360
20  7 

26. A survey of n people in the town A found that 50% of them prefer Brand X. Another survey of 100 people in
the town B found that 60% prefer Brand X. In total, 55% of all the people surveyed together prefer Brand X.
What is the total number of people surveyed? (GKwU kn‡ii n msL¨K gvby‡li g‡a¨ Rwic K‡i ‡`Lv †Mj †h kni A Gi 50Rb gvbyl
X eªvÛ‡K cQ›` K‡i| Avevi Aci GKwU Rwi‡c †`Lv †Mj †h kni B Gi 100 Rb gvby‡li g‡a¨ 60% eªvÛ X †K cQ›` K‡i| †gv‡Ui Dci 55%
gvbyl eªvÛ X ‡K cQ›` K‡i| RwicK…Z gvby‡li me©‡gvU msL¨v KZ?) (Union Bank. MTO.-2015)
a. 50 b. 100 c. 150 d. 200 Ans: d
Solution:
(50% of A + 60% of B) = 55% of (A+B) (`y`‡ji Avjv`v Avjv`v Rwic = GKmv‡_ Rwi‡ci dj)
50
 A+60% of 100) = 55% of (A+100) [Given that town B has = 100 people]
100
A 55(A  100)
  60 =
2 100
A  120 11A  1100
 =
2 20
 22A +2200=20A +2400
2A = 200 A= 100 So, the Total number of people surveyed is 100+100 = 200

1 1 2
27. In a public school, th of girls and th of boys are under 12 years of age. If the number of girls is th of the
5 4 5
total, what part of the total students of the school is accounted for by those who are 12 years or more of age?
1 1 2
(GKwU miKvwi ¯‹z‡j evwjKv‡`i fvM Ges evjK‡`i fvM 12 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx| †gvU wkÿv_©xi fvM evwjKv n‡j, †gvU wkÿv_©xi KZ kZvsk 12
5 4 5
eQi ev Zvi †P‡q †ewk eqmx?)[Aggarwal-235]
(a) 23% (b) 45% (c) 55% (d) 77% Ans: d
2
Solution: Let, total students = 100, girls = 100 = 40 and boys = 100-40 = 60
5
1 1
Total numbr of girls and boys aged less than 12 years = (40 ) +(60 ) = 8+15 = 23
5 4
So, number of girls and boys aged more than 12 years = 100 – 23 = 77 or, 77%
[Note: 100 a‡i wn‡me ïiæ Ki‡j †k‡l Avevi % Gi wn‡me Kiv jv‡M bv, mivmwi †hUv Avm‡e †mUvB % ]

1 1
28. 37 % of the candidates in an examination were girls, 75% of the boys and 62 %of the girls passed and 342
2 2
1 1
girls failed. The number of boys failed was: (†gvU wkÿv_©xi 37 % evwjKv | evjK‡`i 75% Ges evwjKv‡`i 62 % cixÿvq cvk
2 2
K‡i‡Q Ges 342 Rb evwjKv ‡dj K‡i‡Q| Zvn‡j ‡dj Kiv evj‡Ki msL¨v KZ?)[Aggarwal-238]
(a) 350 (b) 360 (c) 370 (d) 380 Ans: d
Solution: Let the total number of candidates be x. [imaginary number = 64]
 1 1
Then, 100  62 % of 37 % of x = 342 [37.5u% QvÎxi 37.5% †dj K‡i‡Q]
 2 2
 75 1 75 1 9x  342  64 
     x  342   342  x     2432
2 100 2 100 64  9 
1  25 125 1 
Number of boys failed =(100–75)%of (100-37 )% of 2432 =     2432 = 380
2  100 2 100 
[evjK‡`i †gvU msL¨v 67.5% Gi 75% cvk Ki‡j 67.5% Gi 25 % †dj K‡i‡Q]
2
29. In a certain school, 20% of students are below 8 years of age. The number of students above 8 years of age is
3
of the number of students of 8 years age which is 48. What is the total number of students in the school?(GKwU
2
we`¨vj‡q 20% Qv‡Îi eqm 8 eQ‡ii Kg| 8 eQi eq‡mi QvÎ 48 Rb Ges 8 eQ‡ii †ewk eq‡mi QvÎ 8 eQ‡ii Qv‡Îi Ask| we`¨vj‡qi †gvU QvÎ
3
KZ Rb?)[Aggarwal-163]
(a) 72 (b) 80 (c) 120 (d) 100 Ans: d
Solution:
Shortcut: 80% = (48+32) 100% = 100
Let the number of students be x. Then,
Number of students of 8 or above 8 years = 80% of x. [cÖ_g 20% ev‡` Aewkó 2 `j wg‡j 80%]
2 80
ATQ, 80% of x = 48+ of 48  x = 80 x = 100
3 100
30. In a group of students, 80% of the students weight less than 60 kg and a total of 32 students weigh less than 50
kg. If 60% of the students weigh at least 50 kg, how many of the students weigh at least 50 kg but less than 60
kg? (GK`j QvÎ- QvÎx‡`i g‡a¨ 80% Gi IRb 60 ‡KwRi wb‡P| 32 R‡bi IRb 50 †KwRi wb‡P| hw` 60% QvÎ -QvÎxi IRb AšÍZ 50 †KwR
nq, Zvn‡j KZ R‡bi IRb 50 †KwR †_‡K 60 †KwRi g‡a¨|) (FSIB Pro.Off.-2014)
a. 32 b. 36 c. 40 d. none of these Ans:a
Solution:
G ai‡Yi cÖ‡kœi A_© †evSvB Avmj| GLv‡b wZb ai‡Yi QvÎ-QvÎx Av‡Q|
1g `j = IRb 60 †KwRi Dc‡i Giv †gvU QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i 20% ( KviY 80% Gi IRb 60 †KwRi wb‡P)
2q `j = IRb 50 †KwRi wb‡P Giv †gvU 32 Rb| (80% Gi ‡fZ‡iB GB 32 Rb Av‡Q )
3q `j = IRb 50 †KwRi Dc‡i wKš‘ 60 †KwRi wb‡P| (Giv 32 Rb ev‡` 80% Gi Aewkó Ask)
Av‡iKwU K¬z †`qv Av‡Q †h me©‡gvU QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i g‡a¨ 60% Gi IRb AšÍZ 50 †KwR| A_©vr 50 †KwRi Dc‡i|
Avgv‡`i Uv‡M©U n‡jv 32Rb KZ % Gi gvb Zv †ei Kiv|
GLb 60% Gi IRb 50 †KwRi Dc‡i n‡j 50 †KwRi wb‡Pi IRb 40% hvi gvb 32
32 32 100
Zvn‡j 40% = 32  1% = Ges 100% = = 80 Rb|
40 40
‡gvU QvÎ-QvÎx 80 R‡bi g‡a¨ 32 Rb 50 †KwRi wb‡P Ges 20% ev 16 R‡bi IRb 60 †KwRi Dc‡i| Zvn‡j 50 †_‡K 60 Gi g‡a¨ IRb n‡jv =
80-(32+16) = 80-48 = 32 Rb|
GB cÖkœwU †_‡K †kLvi welq: Kvi % ejv bv _vK‡j ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e †gv‡Ui Dci %|
AcÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨vi mv‡_ % jvwM‡q †`qv hv‡e bv (GB cÖ‡kœ 60/50 ‡KwRi mv‡_ % Gi wn‡me Avm‡e bv)
( eywS‡q ejvq eo g‡b n‡jI cÖkœwU `ªæZ mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e Ges bZzb wKQz †kLvi Rb¨ we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv)

31. In an examination, the percentage of students qualified to the number of students appeared from school A is
70%, In school B, the number of students appeared is 20% more than the students appeared from school A
and the number of students qualifided from school B is 50% more than the students qualified from school A.
What is the percentage of students qualified to the number of students appeared from school B? (‡Kv‡bv cixÿvq A
¯‹zj †_‡K AskMÖnY Kiv wkÿv_©x‡`i cv‡ki nvi 70% | Avevi B ¯‹z‡ji AskMÖnY Kiv wkÿv_©xi msL¨v A ¯‹z‡ji AskMÖnY Kiv wkÿv_©xi †P‡q 20%
†ewk Ges B ¯‹z‡ji cvk Kiv wkÿv_©xi msL¨v A ¯‹z‡ji †P‡q 50% †ewk| B ¯‹z‡ji AskMÖnY Kiv wkÿv_©x‡`i kZKiv KZ cvk K‡i‡Q? )[Aggarwal-
250]
(a) 30% (b) 70% (c) 78.5% (d) 87.5% Ans: d
Solution:
Let number of students appeared from school A = 100
Then, number of students qualified from school A = 70
Number of students appeared from school B = 120
  150 
Number of students qualified from school B 150% 70 =   70   105 [A Gi 70 Gi 150%]
 100 
 105 
Required %=   100 %  87.5% [B ‡Z Av‡Q †gvU 120 Rb hv‡`i g‡a¨ cvk K‡i‡Q 105 Rb]
 120 
32. A train starts from station A with some passengers. At station B 10% of the passengers get down and 100
passengers get in. At station C 50% get down and 25 get in. At station D 50% get down and 50 get in making
the total number of passengers 200. The number of passengers who boarded the train at station A was (GKwU †Uªb
A †÷kb †_‡K hvÎv ïiæ K‡i B †÷k‡b †cuŠQv‡j 10% hvÎx †b‡g †Mj Ges 100 Rb hvÎx †Uª‡b DVj| †÷kb C †Z †cuŠQv‡j 50% hvÎx †b‡g hvq Ges
25 Rb hvÎx †Uª‡b D‡V| †÷kb D †Z 50% hvÎx †b‡g hvq Ges 50 Rb hvÎx ‡Uª‡b DV‡j, †gvU hvÎx msL¨v 200 Rb nq| A †÷kb †_‡K KZRb hvÎx
hvÎv ïiæ K‡iwQj?)[Aggarwal-243]
(a) 400 (b) 500 (c) 600 (d) 700 Ans: b
Solution:
Let the number of passengers who boarded the train at station A be x.
Then, Number of passengers after the train left station B
 9x 
= (100 – 10)% of x + 100 = 90% of x + 100 =   100 
 10 
Number of passengers after the train left station C
 9x  50  9 x   9x 
= (100 – 50)% of   100  + 25 =   100   25    75 
 10  100  10   20 
Number of passengers after the train left station D
 9x 
(100-50)% of   75  50  50  9 x  75   50   9 x  175 
 20  100  20   40 2 
9 x 175 9x 175 225  225 40 
ATQ,   200   200   x     500
40 2 40 2 2  2 9 
gy‡L gy‡L Kiv hv‡e hw` †k‡li w`K †_‡K Gfv‡e fv‡eb, me©‡k‡l 50 Rb D‡V 200 n‡j DVvi Av‡M wQj 150 Avevi 50% bvgvi ci 150 n‡j
bvgvi Av‡M wQj 100% = 300 Avevi 25 Rb D‡V 300 n‡j DVvi Av‡M wQj 275 Avevi 50% bvgvi ci 275 n‡j bvgvi Av‡M wQj 550 | 100 Rb
DVvi ci 550 n‡j Zvi Av‡M wQj 450 Rb| Avevi 10% †b‡g 450 n‡j bvgvi Av‡M ev mevi ïiæ‡Z wQj 90% = 450 myZivs 100% = 500|
Increase-decrease:
33. A shopkeeper first increased the price of an article by 25% and then by 20%. What is the total percent
increase? (c‡Y¨i g~j¨ cÖ_‡g 25% e„w× cvIqvi ci Avevi 20% e„w× †c‡j, kZKiv †gvU KZ e„w× cv‡e?)[Aggarwal-254]
(a) 40% (b) 45% (c) 50% (d) 55% Ans: c
Solution:
Awi, cÖ_‡g g~j¨ = 100 UvKv| 25% e„w× cvIqvi ci g~j¨ n‡e 125 UvKv| Gici 125 UvKvi 20% e„w× †c‡j,
20
125  = 25 UvKv ‡e‡o †gvU g~j¨ `vov‡e 125+25 = 150| †gv‡Ui Dci e„w× †c‡jv = 150-100 = 50%
100
Av‡iv mn‡R: ïiæi 100 Gi Dci 25+20 = 45 evo‡e, Gici cÖ_gev‡ii 25 Gi 20% = 5 evo‡j †gvU e„w× n‡e 45+5 = 50| ( GB wbqgUv
Pµe„w× my`Klvi As‡Ki gZ, mij my`¸‡jvi wn‡me Kivi ci Pµe„w× my` †hvM)

n«vm e„w×i GB AsK¸‡jvi gyj c‡q›U n‡jv: GKevi e„w× cvIqvi ci hw` Avevi e„w× ev n«vm cvq Zvn‡j †mB e„w×cÖvß UvKvi Dci wn‡me Ki‡Z nq|
Gfv‡e hZevi n«vm e„w×i K_v AvmyK cÖwZevi me©‡kl cwigv‡bi Dci wn‡me Ki‡Z n‡e|
34. A man's working hours' a day were increased by 20% and his wages per hour were increased by 15%. By how
much percent was his daily earning increased? (GKRb e¨w³i ˆ`wbK Kvh©N›Uv 20% e„w× cvq Ges Zvi cÖwZN›Uv gRywi 15% e„w×
cvq| Zvi †gvU Avq kZKiv KZ e„w× cvq ?)[Aggarwal-Ex-32]
Solution: [GLv‡b Kv‡Ri N›Uv Ges gRyixi wnm‡e ‡`‡L we¯ÍvwiZ wbq‡g mgvavb bv ‡`L‡j A‡b‡KB kU©Kv‡U mvnm cvb bv]
Let, total working hours 100 and per hour wages Tk. 100
So,total income 100100 = Tk. 10000
New working hour 120 and new per hour wages = Tk. 115
New total income = 120115 = Tk.13800
3800  100
Income increased by = 13800 – 10000 = 3800 Increase % = = 38%
10000
GK jvB‡bi mycvi kU©KvU: 20+15+(20 Gi 15%) =35+3 = 38% [Pµe„w× my‡`i gZ wn‡me]
[cÖ_‡g †h 20% †e‡o‡Q ‡k‡li 15% Gi mv‡_ H 20 GiI 15% AwZwi³ wn‡me K‡i †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e]
‡ewk kU© g‡b n‡j gvSvix kU©KvU: 100 †_‡K 20% †e‡o 120 Zvici ‡mB 120 Gi 15% = 18 hy³ n‡j †gvU n‡e 120+18 = 138|  †gv‡Ui Dci
evo‡jv 138-100 = 38%
‡h welqUv jÿ¨ Ki‡eb:, n«vm e„w×i AsK¸‡jv‡Z 100 a‡i wn‡me Kiv me‡_‡K mnR, Avevi gyj welqUv ai‡Z cvi‡j GKUz Nywi‡q Avmv AsK¸‡jvI mn‡R
†evSv hv‡e Avevi fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡j kU©Kv‡Ui kU©KvU I ˆZix Kiv hv‡e|
35. If the price of a commodity is decreased by 20% and its consumption is increased by 20%, what will be the
increase or decrease in the expenditure on the commodity? (GKwU c‡Y¨i `vg 20% K‡g †Mj Ges e¨envi 20% e„w× †cj| H
c‡Y¨i e¨enviRwbZ LiP KZ kZvsk †e‡o‡Q ev K‡g‡Q?)[Aggarwal-266]
(a) 4% increase (b) 4% decrease (c) 8% increase (d) 8% decreaseAns:b
Solution:
Let original consumption = 100 units and original price = Tk. 100 per unit
Original expenditure = Tk. (100 × 100) = 10000 Gfv‡e cÖwZevi 10000 I 9600 †ei K‡i wnm‡e
New expenditure = Tk. (120 × 80) = 9600
Ki‡Z bv PvB‡j gy‡L gy‡L Kivi wbqg¸‡jv ‡`Lyb
 400 
Decrease in expenditure =  100%  4%
 10000 
gy‡L gy‡L: 100 †_‡K 20 K‡g 80 nIqvi ci 20% evov‡j Zv 80 Gi 20% ev 16 †e‡o 80+16 = 96% n‡e| hv ïiæi 100 †_‡K 100-96 = 4 UvKv
Kg| [Super shortcut: 20 Gi 20% = 4 % B K‡g‡Q]
36. The price of sugar per kg increased from Tk. 16 to Tk. 20. The percentage reduction in the use of sugar so that
the expenditure does not increase, should be (wPwbi `vg cÖwZ †KwR 16 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 20 UvKv n‡j, wPwbi e¨envi kZKiv KZ
Kgv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z LiP e„w× bv cvq?)[Aggarwal-281]
(a) 15% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 40% Ans: b
Solution:
Let original consumption = 100 kg and new consumption = x kg
So, 100 × 16 = x × 20  x  80 Reduction in consumption = 100-80= 20%
gy‡L gy‡L: 20 UvKv‡Z Kgv‡Z n‡e 20-16 = 4UvKv (20UvKvi 5 fv‡Mi 1 fvM=4)
Zvn‡j 100 UvKv‡Z Kgv‡Z n‡e = 20 UvKv ev 20% (100 Gi 5 fv‡Mi 1 fvM = 20)
37. The price of oil is increased by 25%. If the expenditure is not allowed to increase, the ratio between the
reduction in consumption and the original consumption is (†Z‡ji g~j¨ 25% e„w× †cj| wKš‘ I LiP evov‡bv bv †M‡j, n«vmK…Z
e¨envi Ges cÖK…Z e¨envi Gi AbycvZ KZ?)[Aggarwal-280]
(a) 1: 3 (b) 1: 4 (c) 1: 5 (d) 1: 6 Ans: c
Detail solution:
Let original price Tk. 100 and original consumption = 100 liters
So, Total cost 100100 = Tk.10000 Be carefull: GLv‡b cÖKZ …
New price = Tk. 125 Since new total cost is also Tk. 10000 e¨envi Ges n«vmK…Z e¨env‡ii Gi
So, new consumption = 10000125 = 80liters. AbycvZ Pvq wb, eis cÖK…Z e¨envi I
So, consumption reduce = 100-80 = 20 liters. e¨envi hZUzKz n«vm Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi
Ratio of reduction and original consumption = 20:100 = 1:5 AbycvZ Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡q‡Q|
Shortcut: cÖK…Z g~j¨/ cyivZb g~j¨ : bZzb g~j¨ = 100:125 ev 4:5
Zvn‡j cÖKZ
… e¨envi : n«vmK…Z bZzb e¨envi = 5:4 [KviY `vg evo‡j †gvU LiP mgvb ivL‡Z PvB‡j e¨envi, `vg evovi e¨¯Ívbycv‡Z Kgv‡Z n‡e| A_©vr g~j¨
5:7 Abycv‡Z evo‡j LiP 7:5 G Kgv‡Z n‡e|]
 e¨envi Kgv‡Z n‡e 5-4 = 1| Zvn‡j hZUzKz e¨envi K‡g‡Q : cÖKZ … e¨evnvi = 1:5
38. The ticket for admission to an exhibition was Tk.5 and it was later reduced by 20%. As a result, the sale
proceeds of tickets increased by 44%. What was the percentage increase in number of visitors? (cÖ`k©bx‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki
wUwKU 5 UvKv hv c‡i 20% K‡g hvIqvi wUwKU wewµ 44% †e‡o †M‡j `k©‡Ki msL¨v KZ kZvsk e„w× †c‡q‡Q?)[Aggarwal-268]
(a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) 80% Ans:d
100
Solution: Let the total original sale be Tk. 100. Then, original number of visitors =  20
5
Reduced price of ticket = 80% of Tk. 5 = Tk. 4.
New sale = 144% of Tk. 100 = Tk. 144.
 144  16 
New number of visitors =  36 Increase % =  100%  80%
4  20 
39. In a fraction, if numerator is increased by 40% and denominator is increased by 80%, then what fraction of
the original is the new fraction? (GKwU fMœvs‡ki je 40% Ges ni 80% e„w× †c‡j bZzb fMœvsk KZ n‡e?)[Aggarwal-275]
1 7 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) Data inadequate Ans: b
2 9 18
x 140% of x 140x 7 x
Solution:Let the original fraction be . Then, new fraction =  
y 180% of y 180y 9 y
New fraction  7x y  7 140 % 7
     = [Shortcut: je I ni †`qv bv _vKvq mivmwi, = ]
Original fraction  9 y x  9 180 % 9
40. If the numerator of a fraction be increased by 15% and its denominator be diminished by 8%, the value of the
15 15
fraction is . Find the original fraction. (†Kvb fMœvs‡ki je 15% e„w× Ges ni 8% n«vm †c‡j fMœvskwU nq| g~j fMœvskwU
16 16
KZ?)[Aggarwal-Ex-35]
Solution: [GLv‡b fMœvs‡ki gvb †`qv _vKvq Av‡Mi As‡Ki kU©Kv‡U Kiv hv‡e bv]
x (100  15 )% of x 115 x 15 x  15 92  3
Let, the original fraction be  = =  =  =
y (100 - 8)% of y 92y 16 y  16 115  4
41. A number is first decreased by 10% and then increased by 10%. The number so obtained is 50 less than the
original number. The original number is (GKwU msL¨v cÖ_‡g 10% Kgvi ci 10% e„w× †c‡j msL¨vwU cÖKZ
… msL¨v †_‡K 50 K‡g †M‡j,
cÖK„Z msL¨vwU KZ?)[Aggarwal-253]
(a) 5000 (b) 5050 (c) 5500 (d) 5900 Ans:a
Solution: Let the original number be x.
 110 90  99
Final number obtained = 110% of 90% of x =    x  x
 100 100  100
99 1
ATQ, x – x  50  x  50 x = 50 × 100 = 5000
100 100
gy‡L gy‡L: cÖ_‡g, msL¨vwU 100 n‡j, 10% n«vm †c‡q 90 n‡e, Gici 10% evo‡j 90 Gi 10% = 9 †e‡o n‡e 90+9 = 99| Zvn‡j †gv‡Ui
Dci K‡g †M‡jv, 100-99 = 1%, A_©vr cv_©K¨ 1% = 50 n‡j, 100% = 5000 |

42. If a number x is 10% less than another number y and y is 10% more than 125, then x is equal to ( GKwU msL¨v x Gi
gvb y †_‡K 10% Kg Ges y Gi gvb 125 †_‡K 10% †ewk n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?)[Aggarwal-112]
(a) 123.75 (b) 140.55 (c) 143 (d) 150 Ans: a
Solution:
y = 125 +( 10% of 125) = 125 + 12.50 = 137.50.
 x = 137.50 – 10% of 137.50 = 137.50 – 13.75 = 123.75
New idea:
‡h †Kvb msL¨v‡K 10% evov‡bvi ci 10% Kgv‡j †gv‡Ui Dci 1% K‡g hvq|
ZvB GLv‡b msL¨vwU n‡e 125 Gi 1% ev 1.25 Kg | A_©vr 125-1.25 = 123.75
2
43. In September 2009, the sales of a product were rd of that in July 2009. In November 2009, the sales of the
3
product were higher by 5% as compared to September 2009. How much is the percentage of change in sales in
November 2009 with respect to the base figure in July 2009? (2009 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡mi wewµ 2009 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡mi
wewµi 2/3 Ask| hw` b‡f¤^i 2009 Gi wewµi cwigvY †m‡Þ¤^i 2009 Gi wewµi Zzjbv 5% e„w× cvq Zvn‡j RyjvB gv‡mi Zzjbvq b‡f¤^i gv‡mi
wewµi cwigvY kZKiv KZ cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q?) [Aggarwal-167]
(a)-20% (b) 25% (c) -30% (d) + 40% Ans:c
2x
Solution: Let the total sales in July 2009 be x. Then, sales in September 2009 =
3
2x 105 2x 7 x
Sales in November 2009 = 105% of =  =
3 100 3 10
 7 x 3x  3x 1 
Decrease in sales = x - =  Decrease % =    100  % = 30%
10 10  10 x 
gy‡L gy‡L: RyjvB‡Z wewµ 300 Ges †m‡Þ¤^‡i 200 n‡j| Ges b‡f¤^‡i wewµ 200+(200Gi 5%) = 210
Zvn‡j RyjvB‡qi Zzjbvq wewµ K‡g‡Q 300-210 = 90 UvKvi| 300 †Z 90 Kg‡j 100 †Z 30 ev 30% K‡g‡Q|
44. A monthly return railway ticket costs 25% more than a single ticket. A week's extension can be had for the
former by paying 5 percent of the monthly ticket's cost. If the money paid for the monthly ticket (with
extension) is Tk. 84, the price of the single ticket is (GKwU gvwmK wdiwZ wU‡K‡Ui g~j¨ GKwU GKK wU‡K‡Ui g~‡j¨i †_‡K 25%
†ewk| hw` 7 w`b wej¤^ Kiv nq Zvn‡j G gvwmK wdiwZ wU‡K‡Ui g~‡j¨i †_‡K 5% AwZwi³ g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq| hw` mgq ewa©ZKiY mn GKwU
gvwmK wUwK‡Ui g~j¨ eve` 84 UvKv cwi‡kva Kiv nq Zvn‡j GKK wU‡K‡Ui g~j¨ KZ? ) [Aggarwal-142]
(a) Tk.48 (b) Tk. 64 (c) Tk.72 (d) Tk. 80 Ans: b
Solution:
Shortcut: 105% of 125% of x = 84
Let the cost of a single ticket be x.
100 100
Then, cost of monthly return ticket = 125% of x =
5x  x=84  = 64
4 105 125
5x 105 5x 21x
Cost of monthly return ticket with extension = 105% of =  = .
4 100 4 16
21x 84  16
ATQ, = 84 [me©‡kl `vg Av‡Q 84 UvKv ZvB Av‡Mi `g Kg n‡e]  x = = 64
16 21

45. Madan pays income tax at the rate of 10%. If his income increased by 10% and his tax rate increases to 15%,
his net income would increase by Tk.350. What is Madan's income? (g`b 10% nv‡i AvqKi cÖ`vb K‡i| Zvi Avq 10% e„w×
†c‡j Ges AvqKi Gi nvi e„w× †c‡q 15% n‡j, Zvi cÖKZ
… Avq ‡gv‡Ui Dci 350 UvKv e„w× †c‡j g`‡bi Avq KZ?)[Aggarwal-262]
(a) Tk.8000 (b) Tk.10,000 (c) Tk.12,000 (d) Tk.14,000 Ans: b
Solution: Let Madan’s income be Tk. x. (‡gvU Avq †_‡K BbKvg U¨v· †`qvi ci hv _vK‡e Zv B †bU BbKvg)
9x
Then, net income = (100 – 10)% of Tk. x = 90% of Tk. x = Tk.
10
 85 110  187
New net income = 85% of 110% of Tk. x. = Tk.    x  = Tk. x [10% ewa©Z Avq ‡_‡K 15% U¨v· w`‡q w`‡j 85%
 100 100  200
Aewkó _vK‡e ]
187 x 9 x 7x  350  200 
ATQ,   350 [`yB †bU Av‡qi cv_©K¨ = 350]   350  x     10000
200 10 200  7 
‡evSvi Rb¨ mnR mgvavb: AsKUv‡Z cÖ_g Avq 100 UvKv a‡i Ki‡jI Dc‡ii avc¸‡jv Abymv‡iB Ki‡Z n‡e,
cÖ_g Avq 100, U¨v· 10UvKv †`qvi ci ‡bU Avq = 90, bZzb Avq 110, U¨v· 15% †`qvi ci †bU Avq 93.5 UvKv|
Zvn‡j `yB †bU Av‡qi cv_©K¨ = 93.5-90 = 3.5 UvKv ev 3.5% = 350 UvKv n‡j 100% = 10000 UvKv|
46. Income tax is raised from 4 paise to 5 paise in a Tk. but the revenue is increased by 10% only. Find the
decrease percent in the amount taxed. (AvqKi cÖwZ UvKvq 4 cqmv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 5 cqmv n‡jv wKš‘ ivR¯^ gvÎ 10% e„w× †c‡j,
AvqK‡ii UvKvi cwigvb KZ kZvsk K‡g‡Q?)[Aggarwal-267]
(a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) None Ans: a
Solution:Let the original taxed amount be Tk. x and new taxed amount be Tk. y.
Let original revenue be Tk. 100.
100 Av‡M fvlv eySzb: 1 UvKvq 4 cqmv ev 5 cqmv A_©
Then, 4% of x = 100 x = 100 = Tk. 2500 4% ev 5% | GLb , ivR¯^ 10% e„w× †c‡jv A_©
4
New revenue = 110% of Tk. 100 = Tk. 110 Av‡M iR¯^ 100 UvKv cvIqv †M‡j GLb cvIqv hv‡”Q
110 UvKv| wKš‘ Avm‡j 4 cqmv †_‡K 5cqmv n‡j
 100 
Then, 5% of y = 110  y = 110   = Tk. 2200 Av‡iv †ewk evovi K_v wQj| Zvn‡j Ki‡hvM¨ UvKvi
 5  cwigvY wKQzUv K‡g‡Q|
Decrease in taxed amount = Tk. (2500 – 2200) = Tk. 300
 300 
Decrease % =  100% = 12%
 2500 
 gy‡L gy‡L: mvB‡W e‡·i K_v¸‡jv eyS‡j Gfv‡e 10 †m‡K‡Û DËi †ei Kiv hvq: 4 cqmv †_‡K †e‡o 5 cqmv nIqv A_© 5-4 = 1 cvqmv ev 25%
e„w× †c‡j †gvU iR¯^I 25% e„w× †c‡q Av‡Mi 100 †_‡K 125% nIqvi K_v| wKš‘ †`Lv hv‡”Q †gv‡Ui Dci 10% ivR¯^ †e‡o 110% n‡q‡Q A_©vr
†gv‡Ui Dci Ki‡hvM¨ UvKvi cwigvY K‡g‡Q 125-110 = 15
15  100
Zvn‡j kZKiv Kgvi nvi n‡e, = 12%
125
47. The price of sugar increases by 32%. A family reduces its consumption so that the expenditure of the sugar is
up only by 10%. If the total consumption of the sugar before the price rise was 10 kg per month, then the
consumption of sugar per month at present (in kg) is(. wPwbi g~j¨ 32% e„w× cvIqvq GKwU cwievi wPwbi e¨envi Ggbfv‡e Kgvj
hv‡Z Zvi e¨q gvÎ 10% e„w× cvq| g~j¨ e„w×i c~‡e© H cwievi gv‡m 10 †KwR wPwb e¨envi Ki‡j eZ©gv‡b gv‡m KZ ‡KwR wPwb e¨envi
Ki‡e?)[Aggarwal-282]
1 1 3
(a) 8 (b) 8 (c) 8 (d) 9 Ans: a
3 2 4
Note: LiP AcwiewZ©Z ivLv n‡j, ïiæ‡Z †h LiP
Solution: Let the original price of sugar be Tk.100 per kg. wQj †k‡lI GKB| wKš‘ `vg A‡bK †ewk evo‡j Ges
Then, original expenditure = (100 × 10) = Tk.1000 LiP GKUz evov‡Z ivwR n‡j, bZzb `vg I bZzb LiP
New expenditure = 110% of 1000 = 1100 {LiP 10% e„w×} wb‡q wn‡me Ki‡Z n‡e|
New price of sugar = 132% of 100 = 132 [`vg 32% e„w×]
total cost 1100 25 1
New consumption =   8 kg
1 kg cost 132 3 3
gy ‡L gy ‡L: `vg 32% evovi ci 132 UvKv †_‡K Li‡P 10% evov‡Z ivwR n‡j LiP Kgv‡Z n‡e 132-110 = 22| 132 G 22 Kgv‡bv A_© 6 fv‡Mi 1
5 25 1
fvM Kwg‡q 5 fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j 10 †KwRi 6 fv‡Mi 5 fvM = 10   8
6 3 3
48. Mr. X, a businessman had the income in the year 2010, such that he earned a profit of 20% on his investment
in the business. In the year 2011, his investment was less by Tk. 5000 but still had the same income (Income =
Investment + Profit) as that in 2010. Thus, the percent profit earned in 2011 increased by 6%. What was his
investment in 2010? (wg. x GKRb e¨emvqx, 2010 mv‡j †gvU hv Avq K‡ib Zv‡Z Zvi wewb‡qv‡Mi 20% jvf _v‡K| Avevi 2011 mv‡j Zvi
wewb‡qvM 5000 UvKv Kg nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zvi Avq 2010 mv‡ji mgvb nq (GLv‡b Avq = wewb‡qvM + jvf)| hvi d‡j †`Lv ‡Mj †h 2011 mv‡j Zvi
jv‡fi nvi 6% e„w× †c‡q‡Q| 2010 mv‡j Zvi wewb‡qvM KZ wQj?)[Aggarwal-263]
(a) Tk.1,02,000 (b) Tk.1,05,000 (c) Tk.1,50,500 (d) None Ans: b
Solution:
Let his investment in the year 2010 be Tk. x. K‡qK †m‡K‡Û Kiv hv‡e Gfv‡e fve‡j,
120 120% of 2010 = 126% of 2011 (KviY 2 eQ‡ii
Then, income in 2010= [x + 20% of x] = Tk. x
100 cÖvß ‡gvU Avq mgvb mgvb )
126  2010:2011 = 126:120 = 21:20
Income in 2011 = Tk.  ( x  5000) [Profit 126%] Now difference: 21-20 = 1 part =5000
100 
in 2010,21 part =215000 = 105000
120 126
ATQ, x ( x  5000 )  120 x  126( x  5000)
100 100
 6x = 5000126 x = 500021 = 105000 Ans: [‡k‡li GB jvBbUvB e‡·i †k‡l kU©Kv‡U Av‡Q]

49. A reduction of 21% in the price of wheat enables a person to buy 10.5 kg more for 100. What is the reduced
price per kg? (M‡gi `vg 21% K‡g †M‡j GK e¨w³ 100 UvKvq c~e©v‡cÿv 10.5 †KwR †ewk wKb‡Z cv‡i| n«vmK…Z g~j¨ KZ?)[Aggarwal-348]
(a) 2 (b) 2.25 (c) 2.30 (d) 2.50 Ans: a
79 x
Solution: Let original price = Tk. x per kg. Reduced price = Tk. per kg
100
100 100 10000 100 Shortcut 100 UvKvi M‡gi `vg 21% K‡g
ATQ,   10.5    10.5
79 x x 79x x †M‡j UvKv Kg jv‡M 21UvKv| hv w`‡q 10.5
100 †KwR AwZwi³ Mg cvIqv hvq| ZvB cÖwZ †KwR
2100 M‡gi eZ©gvb `vg 2110.5 = 2UvKv|
10000 – 7900 = 10.5  79x  x =
10 .5  79
2100 79 2100
 Reduced price = 79% of =  = Tk. 2 per kg
10 .5  79 100 10.5  79
50. Due to a reduction of 6 (1/4)% in the price of sugar, a man is able to buy 1 kg more for Tk.120. Find and
1
reduced rate of sugar. (wPwbi `vg 6 % K‡g hvIqvq GK e¨w³ 120 UvKv 1 †KwR †ewk wPwb cvq| wPwbi Av‡Mi Ges eZ©gvb g~j¨ KZ?)
4
Solution: Let, original rate be Tk. x per kg. mnR mgvavb: 120 UvKvq Kg jv‡M, 120 Gi 6.25% = 7.5 UvKv|
 25  1  15x Zvn‡j 1 †KwRi eZ©gvb `vg = 7.50 UvKv|
Reduced rate = 100    x  = Tk. per kg 6.25 % `vg n«vm †c‡q 7.50 UvKv n‡j bZzb `vg Av‡Mi `v‡gi 100-
 4  100  16
6.25% = 92.75%
120 120 128 120 GLv‡b, 92.75% = 7.5 UvKv n‡j Av‡Mi `vg 100% = 8 UvKv n‡e|
ATQ, - =1  - =1 x=8
15x x x x
16
 15 
So, original rate = 8 per kg. Reduced rate =  8 per kg = 7.50 per kg.
 16 
51. Due to an increase of 30% in the price of eggs, 3 eggs less are available for Tk.7.80. The present rate of eggs per
dozen is (wW‡gi `vg 30% †e‡o hvIqvq 7.80 UvKvq c~e©v‡cÿv 3wU wWg Kg cvIqv hvq| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ WRb wW‡gi `vg KZ?)[Aggarwal-349]
(a) 8.64 (b) 8.88 (c) 9.36 (d) 10.40 Ans: c
 130 
Solution: Let the original price per egg be Tk. x. Then, increased price = Tk.  x
 100 
7.8 7.80 7.80 780
ATQ,   3 [c~‡e©i wWg-bZzb wWg=3]    3  1014 – 780 = 390x 390x = 234 x = 0.6
x 130 x 130 x
x
100
 130 
So,price per dozen = 12(130% of 0.6) = 12   0.6  = Tk.9.36
 100 
52. If the price of sugar falls by 2.5%, a person can buy 9 kg more of sugar for Tk.1260 than before. If the price
had risen by 12.5 %, how much sugar would he have bought for the same sum? (wPwbi `vg 2.5% n«vm cvIqvq GKRb
e¨w³ 1260 UvKv w`‡q Av‡Mi †_‡K AwZwi³ 9 †KwR wPwb wKb‡Z cv‡ib| hw` wPwbi `vg 12.5% e„w× †c‡Zv Zvn‡j GKB cwigvY UvKv w`‡q KZ †KwR
wPwb wKb‡Z cvi‡Zb?) [Aggarwal-351]
(a) 288 kg (b) 312 kg (c) 328 kg (d) 336 kg Ans: b
Solution: Let the original price of sugar be Tk. x per kg.
1  195 1  39 x
Then , reduced price = 97 % of Tk. x = Tk.    x  = Tk.
2  2 100  40
1260 1260 16800 1260 140
ATQ, 39x  = 9 [bZzb cwigvb- cyivZb cwigvb = 9 †KwR]   = 9 x 
x 13x x 39
40
1 140  225 1 140  105
Increased price = 112 % of =    = Tk.
2 39  2 100 39  26
 105   26 
 Quantity of sugar bought for Tk.1260 = 1260   = 1260   = 312 kg
 26   105 
Commission:
53. The income of a broker remains unchanged though the rate of commission is increased from 4% to 5%. The
percentage of slump (g›`v) in business is (Kwgk‡bi nvi 4% †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 5% n‡jI GKRb `vjv‡ji Avq AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j, e¨emvq
g›`vi/‡jvKmv‡bi nvi KZ?)[Aggarwal-269]
(a) 1% (b) 8% (c) 20% (d) 80% Ans: c
Solution: gy‡L gy‡L Kiæb Gfv‡e: 4% I 5% Gi gvb GKB Ggb GKwU msL¨v n‡jv 4
Suppose the business value changes from x to y. I 5 Gi j.mv.¸ = 20UvKv| A_©vr Dfq †ÿ‡Î Zvi Kwgkb 20UvKv | cÖ_gevi
4% of x = 5% of y [% Gi wb‡Pi 100 `y cvk †_‡K ev`] 4% = 20UvKv n‡j 100% = 100 wKš‘ c‡iievi
x 5 5% = 20 n‡j 100% = 80 | A_©vr
Or, 4x = 5y or,  x:y = 5:4 = 100:80
y 4 cÖ_gev‡ii Zzjbvq e¨emv K‡g‡Q 100-80 = 20%
A_©vr GB Abycv‡Z x Gi gvb 100 n‡j y Gi gvb n‡e 80
e¨emv K‡g‡Q: 100-80 = 20%|
 Av‡M eySzb: Kwgk‡bi nvi 4% †_‡K 5% n‡j `vjv‡ji Avq 1% e„w× cvIqvi K_v| wKš‘ †h‡nZz e¨emvi †gvU cwigvY 100 ‡_‡K K‡g †M‡Q ZvB
5% Kwgkb I Av‡Mi 4% Gi mgvb n‡q †M‡Q| KZUzKz K‡g‡Q? Av‡Mi e¨emv hw` 100 UvKvi nq Zvn‡j 100 UvKvi 4% = 4UvKv hv c‡ii e¨emvi
5%| GLb 5% = 4 UvKv n‡j 100% = 80UvKv| myZivs 100 UvKvi e¨emvq g›`vi nvi = 100-80 = 20% |

54. At a special sale, 5 tickets can be purchased for the price of 3 tickets. If 5 tickets are purchased at the sale, the
amount saved will be what percent of the original price of the 5 tickets? ( GKwU we‡kl Advi PjvKvjxb mg‡q 3wU wUwK‡Ui
`v‡g, 5wU wUwKU cvIqv hvq| Adv‡ii g~‡j¨ 5wU wUwKU µq Ki‡j, cÖKZ
… 5wU wUwK‡Ui g~‡j¨i KZ kZvsk mÂq n‡e?)[Aggarwal-166]
(a) 20% (b)33.33% (c) 40% (d) 60% Ans:c
Solution: [x aivi †_‡K 100 a‡i Kiv †eUvi] 5 †m‡K‡Û: 5 Uv‡Z †mf n‡”Q 5-3 = 2
Let the original price of each ticket be 100 Uv| 5Uv‡Z 2Uv n‡j 100 †Z 40 Uv ev 40%|
Then, original price of 5 tickets = 500. Gfv‡e Kivi Rb¨ Kbwd‡WÝ ‡MÖv Ki‡Z n‡e
Sale price of 5 tickets = 3100 = 300 [3Uvi `v‡g 5Uv ] Avi Kbwd‡WÝ †MÖv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK AsK
Amount saved = (500 – 300) = 200 Ki‡Z n‡e, ZvB GB eB‡qi me AsK Kiæb|
 200 
 Required percentage =  100  % = 40%
 500 
55. Salesperson A's compensation for any week is Tk.360 plus 6 percent of the portion of A's total sales above
Tk.1000 for that week. Salesperson B's compensation for any week is 8 percent of B's total sales for that
week.For what amount of total weekly sales would both salespersons earn the same compensation? ( weµqKg©x A
Gi cvwikÖwgK cÖwZ mßv‡n 360 UvKv Ges 1 mßv‡n 1000 UvKvi Dci hv wewµ n‡e Zvi 6% | we‡µZv B Gi cÖwZ mßv‡ni cvwikÖwgK, GK mßv‡n
Zvi wewµi Dci kZKiv 8 fvM | Df‡qi mvßvwnK KZ UvKv wewµi Rb¨ `yR‡bi cvwikÖwgK mgvb n‡e?)[Aggarwal-Ex-19]
Solution:
Let the required weekly sales be Tk. x. [A, Ges B `yÕR‡biB wewµ ]
Then, A's compensation = Tk. [360 + 6% of (x - 1000)] [gyj †eZb + †evbvm = cvwikÖwgK]
B's compensation = 8% of Tk. x. [‡h‡nZz B ïay †evbvm cvq]
6x  6000 8x
ATQ, 360 + 6% of (x - 1000) = 8 % of x 360 + =  36000+6x-6000 = 8x
100 100
2x = 30000  x = 15000 So, required weekly sales = Tk. 15000
56. (W)***A salesman's commission is 5% on all sales up to Tk.10000 and 4% of all sales exceeding this amount.
He remits Tk. 31100 to the parent company after deducting his commission. His sales were worth (cÖ_g 10,000
UvKvi cY¨ weµ‡q, GKRb weµqKg©xi 5% Kwgkb Ges AwZwi³ wewµi Dci 4% Kwgkb cvq| ‡m Kwgkb †K‡U †i‡L †Kv¤úvwb‡K 31,100 UvKv
cwi‡kva Ki‡j, Zvi weµ‡qi cwigvb KZ?) [Pubali Bank Ltd.(JO Cash)-2014-(Written)] +{[Aggarwal-210]
(a) Tk.32500 (b) Tk.35000 (c) Tk.35100 (d) Tk.36100 Ans: a
Solution:
Let, total sales be Tk.x
Total commission=100005%+(x-10000)4% (cÖ_g 10 nvRv‡i 5% Ges c‡ii UvKvi Dci 4%)
50000 4x  40000 10000  4x
=  =
100 100 100
10000  4x
ATQ, x – = 31100 ( ‡h‡nZz Kwgkb †K‡U †bqvi ci c‡Y¨i Aewkó g~j¨ 31100 UvKv|)
100
100x  10000  4x
e¨vL¨v eySzb: ‡mjmg¨vb †Kv¤úvYx †_‡K 32500 UvKvi
Or, = 31100 gvjvgvj wb‡q G‡m wewµ K‡i Zvi Kwgk‡bi UvKv †i‡L
100
Or 96x-10000 = 3110000 w`‡q Avevi †Kv¤úvYx‡KB 31100 UvKv cvwV‡q‡Q|
3120000
Or, 96x = 3120000  x = = 32,500, So, Total sales = 32,500 Ans: 32,500
96
cÖgvY: me©‡gvU †evbvm = 32500-31100 = 1400,GLb cÖ_g 10000 G †evbvm 10000 Gi 5% = 500 Ges cieZ©x 32500-10000 = 22500 G
†evbvm 22500 Gi 4% = 900| †gvU †evbvm 500+900=1400 wg‡j †M‡Q|

More or less:
57. A's salary is 40% of B's salary which is 25% of C's salary. What percentage of C's salary is A's salary? (A Gi
†eZb B Gi †eZ‡bi 40% ‡hLv‡b B Gi †eZb C Gi †eZ‡bi 25% n‡j A Gi †eZb, C Gi ‡eZ‡bi KZ kZvsk?)[Aggarwal-323]
(a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 15% (d) 20% Ans: b
Solution:
Let, B’s Salary = 100, So, A’s salary = 40
Now, 25% of C’s salary = B’s salary, or,25%of C = 100 or,100% of C’s = 400 [4 w`‡q `yÕcv‡k ¸Y]
 40 
A = 40 and C = 400 So, % of A of C’s salary =   100 % = 10%
 400 
58. Peter earned 40% more money than Albert. Albert earned 20% less than Michael. Peter earned more than
Michael by– (wcUvi, Avjev‡U©i †P‡q 40% †ewk Ges AvjevU©, gvB‡K‡ji †P‡q 20% Kg DcvR©b Ki‡j wcUvi, gvB‡K‡ji †_‡K KZ kZvsk †ewk
DcvR©b K‡i?)[Aggarwal-324]
(a) 10% (b) 12% (c) 20% (d) 25% Ans: b
Solution: Michael = 100, then Albert = 80 and Peter = 140% of 80 = 112
So, Peter is more than Michael = 112-100 = 12% (‡h‡nZz gvB‡K‡ji 100 †Z 12 ZvB mivmwi 12% )
Alternative solution:
cÖ‡kœi ïiæi K_v g‡Zv, AvjevU© 100 n‡j wcUvi 140 Gici gvB‡K‡ji 80% = Avjev‡U©i 100 n‡j
100 15  100
gvB‡Kj =100 = 125 Gevi wcUvi gvB‡K‡ji †_‡K †ewk 140-125 =15, †ewki nvi = = 12%
80 125
civgk©: cÖ‡kœi K¬z Abyhvqx `yÕfv‡eB Kiv hvq,Z‡e †hfv‡e Ki‡j fMœvsk/ `kwgK Avm‡e bv Ges `ªæZ DËi †ei n‡e †mfv‡e KivB fvj| GLv‡b
gvB‡K‡ji Dci KZ% †ewk ejvq, †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e gvB‡Kj‡K 100 †i‡L wn‡me Kivi, Zvn‡j mivmwi DËi †ei n‡e|

Election:
59. At an election involving two candidates, 68 votes were declared invalid. The winning candidate secures 52%
and wins by 98 votes. The total number of votes polled is (2 Rb cÖv_©xi GKwU wbe©vP‡b 68wU †fvU evwZj e‡j †Nvlbv Kiv n‡jv|
H †fv‡U weRqx cÖv_©x 52% †fvU †c‡q 98 †fv‡U Rqx n‡j, †gvU KZ †fvU Rgv c‡owQj?)[Aggarwal-154]
(a) 2382 (6) 2450 (c) 2518 (d) None Ans: c
Solution:
Let the number of valid votes be x. Then, 52% of x – 48% of x = 98 Shortcut:
4 52-48= 4% = 98
 4% of x = 98  x = 98  x = 98  25 = 2450. 100% = 2450
100
So, 2450+68 =2518
 Total number of votes polled = (2450 + 68) = 2518

60. In an election between two candidates, 75% of the voters cast their votes, out of which 2% of the votes were
declared invalid. A candidate got 9261 votes which were 75% of the total valid votes. Find the total number of
votes enrolled in that election. (GKwU wbe©vP‡b 75% †fvU Kv÷ nq hvi g‡a¨ 2% †fvU evwZj n‡q hvq| GKRb cÖv_x© †gvU ˆea †fv‡Ui 75%
†fvU cvq | Zvi †fv‡Ui cwigvb 9261 | wbe©vP‡b †gvU †fv‡Ui cwigvb KZ? )[Aggarwal-Ex-22]
Solution:
Let the total number of votes enrolled be x. Number of votes cast = 75% of x
Valid votes = 98% of 75% of x ; Now, as 9261 is the 75% of valid casted votes
ATQ, 75% of 98% of 75% of x = 9261
 75 98 75  100 100 100
    x  = 9261  x = 9261    = 16800
 100 100 100  75 98 75
61. In an election, 30% of the voters voted for candidate A whereas 60% of the remaining voted for candidate B .
The remaining voters did not vote. If the difference between those who voted for candidate A and those who
did not vote was 1200, how many individuals were eligible for casting vote in the election ? (GKwU wbe©vP‡b A ‡c‡q‡Q
†gvU †fv‡Ui 30% Ges B †c‡q‡Q Aewkó †fv‡Ui 60%| Aewkóiv †fvU †`q wb| A Gi cÖvß †fvU Ges ‡fvU bv †`qv ‡fvUvi‡`i e¨veavb 1200 Rb
n‡j †gvU †fvUvi KZ Rb?) [Janata Bank (EO)-2017 (afternoon)]+[Aggarwal-159]
(a) 10,000 (b) 45,000 (c) 60,000 (d) 72,000 Ans: c
Solution:
Let the number of persons eligible to vote x. Then, voters who voted for A = 30% of x.
 60 70 
Voters who voted for B = 60% of (70% of x) =    100  % of x = 42% of x.
 100 100 
Voters who did not vote = [ 100 – (30 + 42)]% of x = 28% of x.
 1200  100
 30% of x – 28% of x = 1200  2% of x = 1200  x = = 60,000
2
Shortcut:
A = 30% So, Remaining = 100-30 =70% , B got = 60% of 70 = 42%
SO, voters did not vote = 70- 42 = 28%, Difference of A and did not vote is 30-28 = 2%
Now 2% = 1200 then 1% = 600 SO, 100% = 60,000

62. 10% of the voters did not cast their vote in an election between two candidates. 10% of the votes polled were
found invalid. The successful candidate got 54% of the valid votes and won by a majority of 1620 votes. The
number of voters enrolled on the voters list was(`yÕ Rb cÖv_©xi GKwU wbe©vP‡b, 10% ‡fvUvi Zv‡`i †fvU cÖ`vb K‡i wb| cÖ`Ë †fv‡Ui
10% †fvU bó n‡q hvq| weRqx cÖv_x© 54% †fvU cvq Ges 1620 wU AwZwi³ †fvU †c‡q Rqx nq| †fvUvi ZvwjKvi †gvU †fvUv‡ii msLv¨v
KZ?)[Aggarwal-157]
(a) 25000 (b) 33000 (c) 35000 (d) 40000 Ans:a
Solution:
Let the total number of voters be x, Then, votes polled = 90% of x.
Valid votes = 90% of (90% of x)
ATQ, 54% of [ 90% of (90% of x)] – 46%[ 90% of (90% of x)] of = 1620
8 90 90 100 100 100
    x = 1620  x = 1620    = 25000
100 100 100 8 90 90

Shortcut: †k‡li 54-46 = 8% = 1620 n‡j (Rqx + civwRZ) 100% = 20250, GLb ‡fvUvi ZvwjKvi 10% †fvU bv w`‡j ‡fvU †`q 90%
Ges GB 90% Gi 10% ‡fvU bó n‡j fv‡jv †fv‡Ui msL¨v 90% A_©vr †fvUvi ZvwjKvi 100% Gi 90% Gi90% ev 81% †fvU w`‡q‡Q | ZvB 81%
= (Rqx + civwRZ cÖv_©xi 100% †fvU)
ev 81% = 20250 myZivs †fvUvi ZvwjKvi †gvU †fvU 100% = 25000

63. In an election, a total of 5,00,000 voters participated. A candidate got 2,55,000 votes which was 60% of the total
valid votes. What was the percentage of invalid votes? (GKwU wbe©vP‡b 5,00,000 Rb †fvUvi AskMÖnY Kij| GKRb cÖv_©x
2,55,000 †fvU †cj hv †gvU ˆea †fv‡Ui 60% n‡j, †gvU A‰ea †fvU KZ kZvsk?)[Aggarwal-156]
300
(a) 10% (b) 12% (c) 15% (d) % Ans: c
17
Solution: Let the number of valid votes be x ,
255000  100 Shortcut:
Then, 60% of x = 255000  x = = 425000. 60% = 255000
60
100% = 425000
Number of invalid votes = ( 500000 – 425000) = 75000
GLb Aewkó AskwU cv‡ki
 75000  mgvav‡bi wbq‡gB|
 Required percentage =  100 % = 15%
 500000 
64.
65. In a village three people contested for the post of village Pradhan. Due to their own interest, all the voters voted
and no one vote was invalid. The losing candidate got 30% votes. What could be the minimum absolute margin
of votes by which the winning candidate led by the nearest rival, if each candidate got an integral percent of
votes? (‡Kvb cÖv‡gi MÖvg cÖav‡bi Rb¨ 3 Rb cÖwZ‡hvMxZv Ki‡jv| MÖv‡gi ¯^v‡_© mevB †fvU w`j Ges †Kvb †fvU evwZj nqwb| civwRZ cÖv_x© 30%
†fvU cvq| hw` cÖ‡Z¨K cÖv_x© wbw`©ó msL¨K †fvU cvq Z‡e Rqx cÖv_x© Zvi wbKUZg cÖv_x© A‡cÿv me©wb¤œ †fv‡Ui e¨eavb KZ?)[Aggarwal-390]
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) None Ans:b

Solution: Let total votes in village = 100

Losing candidate got votes = 30% of 100 = 30 votes
Winner’s and nearer rival’s votes = 100 - 30= 70
 If both get equal votes then, it should be 35 [me‡L‡K KvQvKvwQ e¨eavb †bqvi Rb¨ Mo †bqv n‡q‡Q]
Since the difference should be integral percent and difference between winner and nearer rival minimum thus = (36 -
34) = 2 [fv‡jvfv‡e †evSvi Rb¨ e¨vL¨vwU co–b]
As‡Ki fvlv bv eyS‡j AsK †kLv hv‡e bv: GLv‡b Ab¨ `yÕR‡bi †fv‡Ui me©wb¤œ e¨eavb †ei Ki‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q|
Avevi †mB e¨eavb Integral ev c~Y© msL¨vq n‡Z n‡e| GKRb 30 cvIqvi c‡ii 70% `yR‡bi g‡a¨ mgvbfv‡e fvM
K‡i w`‡j 35+35 K‡i cv‡e| GLb G‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb wRZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K 1% †ewk w`‡Z †M‡j 35.5 Avi 34.5
nIqv jvM‡e, hv c~Y© msL¨v bv| ZvB c~Y© msL¨vq me©wb¤œ e¨evavb Avbvi Rb¨ Rqx 36 I civwRZ 34 wb‡Z n‡e|