CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE

H2 MATHEMATICS
2018 JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION PAPER I SOLUTION

1(i) Use given sketch of the graph of y = 1

, together with an array of vertically-aligned rectangles,
x2
each of width 1, inscribed beneath the curve :

From the diagram,

Area of first rectangle = length x breath = 12 × 1
2
Area of second rectangle 1
= 2 ×1
3
…
Area of (n - 1)th rectangle = 1 × 1
2
n
 Area under the curve y = 1 
Total area of ( n − 1) rectangles <  x2 
 over the interval 1 ≤ x ≤ n
 
n
+ 2 + ... + 2 < 
1 1 1 1
 2 dx
2 2
3 n 1 x
(ii) n
 1 dx =  x 
n −1
 2  
1 x  −1 1
n
 1
= − 
 x 1
 1   1
= −  −− 
 n   1
1
= 1−
n

Page 1 of 19
 n
1 1 1  1
Since 2 + 2 + ... + 2 <  2 dx = 1 −
1
2 3 n 1 x n
Adding 1 to both sides,
1 1 1 1  1
+ 2 + 2 + ... + 2 < 1 +  1 − 
 n
2
1 2 3 n
As the difference between both sides of this inequality
increases with n, as n → ∞,
1 1 1   1 
+ 2 + 2 + ... ... < lim  1 +  1 −  
 n 
2 n →∞ 
1 2 3
= 1 + (1 − 0) = 2 (shown)

2. Marking Scheme:
f ( x ) = x3 ln a + bx2 + cx + d
f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 ln a + 2 xb + c
 5 320 
At  , ,
 3 27 
3 2
5 5 5 320
  ln a + b   + c + d =
3 3 3 27
125ln a + 75b + 45c + 27 d = 320 −(1)
2
5 5
3   ln a + 2   b + c = 0
 3 3
25ln a + 10b + 3c = 0 −(2)
Let g ( x ) = f ( x + 1) = ( x + 1) ln a + b ( x + 1) + c ( x + 1) + d
3 2

g ' ( x ) = 3( x + 1) ln a + 2 ( x + 1) b + c
2

At ( 0, 12) ,
ln a + b + c + d = 12 −(3)
3ln a + 2b + c = 0 −(4)
Using GC and solve, ln a = 1, b = −4, c = 5, d = 10
∴ a = e, b = −4, c = 5, d = 10

3. To obtain area of region A, consider integrating w.r.t. y .

x2 − 1
y= ⇔ xy = x 2 − 1
x
where x, y > 0 ⇔ x2 y 2 = x2 − 1
⇔ 1 = x 2 (1 − y 2 )
1
⇔ x2 =
1 − y2
1
⇔ x=
1 − y2

Page 2 of 19
 3
2
1
∴ Area of A = 
1 1− y 2
dy
2
3

= sin −1 y  1
2

= sin −1 23 − sin −1 12
= π3 − π6 = π6

4(a) ( x − 3) ( y + 1)
2 2

+ =1
42 52
2
 x  
  2  − 3 ( y + 1)
2
  
x
Replace x with
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2
→  + =1
42 52
( x − 6) ( ( y + 2 ) + 1)
2 2
Replace y with y + 2
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ + =1
22 42 52
Stage 1: Scale parallel to the x-axis by factor 2.
Stage 2: Translate 2 units in the negative y-direction.
(Order does not matter in this case)

Alternative solutions:
( x − 3) ( y + 1)
2 2

+ =1
42 52
x 2 ( y + 1)
2
Replace x with x + 3
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ 2 + =1
4 52
2
 x
x   ( y + 1) = 1  x 2 + ( y + 1) = 1
2 2

→  2 +
Replace x with 2
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 2
4 52 82 52
( x − 6) ( y + 1)
2 2
Replace x with x − 6
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ + =1
82 52
( x − 6) ( y + 3)
2 2
Replace y with y + 2
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → + =1
82 52
Stage 1: Translate 3 units in the negative x-direction.
Stage 2: Scale parallel to x-axis by factor 2.
Stage 3: Translate 6 units in the positive x-direction.
Stage 4: Translate 2 units in the negative y-direction.

Page 3 of 19
(b)(i)
y

O x

(ii)
y

O x

5(i) y = ln(e x + 1)

dy ex
= x
dx e + 1

d 2 y e x (e x + 1) − e x (e x )
=
dx 2 (e x + 1) 2
ex
=
(e x + 1)2

Page 4 of 19
The expression
2
d 2 y dy  dy 
2
ex ex  ex 
− +   = − +  
dx 2 dx  dx  (e x + 1) 2 e x + 1  e x + 1 
e x − e x (e x + 1) + (e x )2
=
(e x + 1)2
e x − (e x ) 2 − e x + (e x )2
=
(e x + 1) 2
= 0 (shown)

Alternative Method 1 (simpler)

y = ln(e x + 1)
dy ex
= x
dx e + 1
d 2 y e x (e x + 1) − e x (e x )
=
dx 2 (e x + 1) 2
ex (e x ) 2
= −
e x + 1 (e x + 1)2
2
dy  dy 
= − 
dx  dx 
2
d 2 y dy  dy 
∴ − +  =0 (shown)
dx 2 dx  dx 

Alternative Method 2 (via implicit differentiation)

y = ln(e x + 1)
e y = ex + 1
dy
Differentiating implicitly w.r.t. x, e y = ex
dx
Differentiating implicitly w.r.t. x,
 y dy  dy yd y
2
 e  + e 
 2 
 = ex
 d x  dx  dx 
 dy 
2
 d2 y  dy
e y   + e y  2  = e y
 dx   dx  dx

Multiplying throughout by e − y produces

2
 dy  d y dy
2
  + =
 dx  dx 2 dx
2
 dy  dy d y
2
  − + =0 (shown)
 dx  dx dx 2

Page 5 of 19
(ii) When x = 0 ,
y = ln(e + 1)
x
y = ln(e0 + 1) = ln 2
dy ex dy e0 1
= x = 0 =
dx e + 1 dx e + 1 2
d2 y ex d2 y e0 1
= = 0 =
dx 2 (e x + 1)2 dx 2
(e + 1) 2
4
2
d 2 y dy  dy 
Q − +  =0 ,
dx 2 dx  dx 
Differentiating this implicitly w.r.t. x produces
d3 y d 2 y  dy   d y 
2
− + 2    2  = 0
dx3 dx 2  dx   dx 

d3 y 1  1  1 
When x = 0 , − + 2    = 0
 2  4 
3
dx 4
d3 y
 =0
dx 3
Differentiating the above once more implicitly w.r.t. x,
d 4 y d3 y  d 2 y  d 2 y   dy   d 3 y  
− + 2  2   2  +    3   = 0
dx 4 dx 3  dx  dx   dx   dx  

When x = 0 ,
d4 y  1  1   1  
− 0 + 2    +   ( 0 )  = 0
 4  4   2  
4
dx
d4 y 1
 4
=−
dx 8
∴ The Maclaurin series for y
dy
= y x = 0 + dx (
x =0
)
 d2 y
x+ 2
 x2

 dx x = 0  2!
 d3 y  x3  d 4 y  x4
+ 3  + 4  4! + ...
 dx x = 0  3!  dx x=0 
2 3 4
= ln 2 + ( 12 ) x + ( 14 ) x2! + (0) x3! + (− 18 ) x4! + ...
= ln 2 + 12 x + 18 x 2 − 1912 x 4 + ...

(iii) ln(e x + 1)
= ln(e x + 1) (4 − x 2 ) −1
4− x 2

n ( n −1)
(1 + x ) n = 1 + nx + 2!
x 2 + ... , where −1 < x < 1 .

Page 6 of 19
 ( )
−1
(4 − x 2 ) −1 = 4−1 1 + (− x4 )
2

= 1
4 (1 + (−1)(− x2
4
)+
( −1)( −1−1)
2!
2
(− x4 ) 2 + ... )
= 1
4 (1 + 1
4
x 2 + ... )
= 14 + 161 x 2 ...

ln(e x + 1)
= ln(e x + 1) (4 − x 2 )−1
4−x 2

(
= ln 2 + 12 x + 81 x 2 ... )( 1
4
+ 161 x 2 ... )
= (ln 2) ⋅ 14 + ( 12 ⋅ 14 ) x + ( 18 ⋅ 14 + 161 ln 2 ) x2 + ( 12 ⋅ 161 ) x3...
= 14 ln 2 + 81 x + ( 32 1
+ 161 ln 2 ) x 2 + 32 1 3
x ...

6(a)
 2 − x dx

 4 + x2
−x
=  dx + 
2
  dx
 4+ x 2
 4 + x2
 1
= 2 dx +  −  
1 2x
 2  dx
 2 +x 2
 2   4 + x2
1  x  1
= 2  tan −1    − ln 4 + x 2 + C
2  2  2
x 1
= tan −1   − ln 4 + x 2 + C ,
2 2
where C is an arbitrary constant.

π
1 1 1
(b) 0 1+ x 2
dx =  4
0
1 + tan y 2
sec2 y dy

π
1
=4 sec 2 y dy
0 2
sec y
π
=  4 secy dy
0
π
=  ln secy + tan y  04
π π
= ln sec + tan − ln sec0 + tan 0
4 4
= ln ( 2 +1 )

Page 7 of 19
 1 1 3
x e 
2 x3 3
(c) dx = 3 x 2 e x dx = e x + C
3 3

 x e dx =  x x e
5 x 3
3 2 x
) dx
( 3

e 
 − x e ) dx
 3  (
x3
2 x3
=x  3

 
1 3 1 3
= x 3e x − e x + C
3 3
7(i) Largest value of k = − 2

Let y = f ( x )
y = x2 + 4 x − 5
= ( x + 2) − 9
2

x+2=± y+9
x = −2 ± y+9
Since x ≤ −2 , x = −2 + y + 9 is rejected.
∴ x = −2 − x + 9
Since D f = R f = [ −9, ∞ ) ,
−1

−1
f : x a −2 − x + 9, for x ≥ −9
(ii)

O ( 2,0) ( 6,0) x

(iii) R g = [ 0, 4]
D f −1 = [ −9, ∞ ) from part (i)
Since R g ⊆ D f , f −1g exists. −1

f g ( 6) = f
−1 −1
( 0)
= −2 − 9
= −5

Page 8 of 19
8(i) Given carrying capacity, K = 10
dP 9
When P = 9, =
dt 1750
dP P
Substituting into d.e. = cP(1 − )
dt K
9  9
= c9  1 − 
1750  10 
1  1
= c 
1750  10 
1
c=
175
dP 1  P
= P 1 − 
dt 175  10 
dP 1
= P (10 − P )
dt 1750
(ii) dP 1
= P (10 − P )
dt 1750
1 dP 1
 P (10 − P ) dt dt =  1750 dt
1 1
 P (10 − P ) dP = 1750 t + C
Method 1: By Partial Fractions
1 A B
Let = +
P (10 − P ) P 10 − P
1 1
So A = 10 and B = 10
1 1 1 1
 +
10 P 10 − P
dP =
1750
t +C
1
ln ( P ) − ln (10 − P ) = t + C since 0 < P < 10
175
 P  1
ln  = t +C
 10 − P  175
1
P t
= e ce175
10 − P
1
P t
= Be175 where B= ec
10 − P
1
t
175
10 Be
P= 1
t
1 + Be 175

Method 2: By Formula
1 1
 10P − P 2
dP =
1750
t +C
1 1
 52 − (P − 5)2 dP = 1750 t + C
Page 9 of 19
 1  5 + ( P − 5)  1
ln  = t + C since 0 < P < 10
2(5)  5 − ( P − 5)  1750
 P  1
ln  = t + 10C
 10 − P  175
1
P t
= e10 ce175
10 − P
1
P t
= Be175 where B= e10c
10 − P
1
t
10 Be175
P= 1
t
1 + Be175
Method 3: By Formula
1 1
 10P − P 2
dP =
1750
t +C
1 1
− dP = t +C
( P − 5) − 5
2 2
1750

−
1
ln
( P − 5) − 5 = 1 t + C since 0 < P < 10
2(5) ( P − 5) + 5 1750
P − 10 1
ln =− t − 10C
P 175
P − 10 −
1
t
= ±e − 10 c e 175
P
P − 10 −
1
t
= Ae 175
where A = ±e - 10c
P
1
− t
P − 10 = PAe 175

1
− t
P − PAe 175
= 10
10
P= 1
− t
1 + ( − A)e 175

1
t
10( − A) −1 e 175
P= 1
t
( − A) −1 e175 + 1
1
t
175
10 Be
P= 1
where B = (-A) - 1
t
1 + Be 175

At start of 2010, let t = 0, then P = 7

10 B
7=
1+ B
7 + 7 B = 10 B
7
B=
3

Page 10 of 19
 1
70 175 t 1
e 175
t
3 70e
Therefore, P = 1
= 1
7 175 t t
1+ e 3 + 7e175
3
At the start of 2020, t = 10.
10
70e 175
P= 10
= 7.1186
3 + 7e 175

Hence population at start of 2010 is 7.12 billion.

Note:
Can also use initial t = 2010 with P = 7 and then find P when t = 2020 or initial t = 10 with P
= 7 and then find P when t = 20. However, this will give a corresponding different values for
B. Final value for P will be the same.
(iii) When P > 8.5,
1
t
175
70e
Using GC on equation P = 1
> 8.5
t
3 + 7e 175

Or using expression from Method 1

 P  1 7
Since at t = 0, P = 7, ln  = t + ln
 10 − P  175 3
 8.5  1 7
ln  = t + ln
 10 − 8.5  175 3
  8.5  7
t = 175 ln   − ln 
  1.5  3
= 155.2780591

Hence, the number of complete years needed is 156

(iv)
10
70e175
P P= 10
3 + 7e175 P = 10

t
O

Page 11 of 19
9(i) Discriminant method (recommended) :
( x, y ) is on curve C.
x2 − 4 x + 1
y= for some x ∈ ¡
2x + 7
y(2 x + 7) = x 2 − 4 x + 1
x 2 − 4 x − 2 xy + 1 − 7 y = 0
x 2 − ( 4 + 2 y ) x + (1 − 7 y ) = 0 for some x ∈ ¡
Q Real roots exist for this quadratic eqn. in x,
b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0
( 4 + 2 y )2 − 4(1) (1 − 7 y ) ≥ 0
16 + 16 y + 4 y 2 − 4 + 28 y ≥ 0
4 y 2 + 44 y + 12 ≥ 0
y 2 + 11y + 3 ≥ 0
2 2
 11   11 
 y +  +3−  ≥ 0
 2 2
2
11   109 
2

 y +  −   ≥0
 2   2 
 11 109  11 109 
 y + − 

y+ + ≥0
 2 2  2 2 
109 11 109 11
y≤− − or y ≥ −
2 2 2 2
Set of values of y that C can take
 109 11 109 11 
=y ∈¡ : y ≤ − − or y ≥ − 
 2 2 2 2 

Alternative method :
Finding stationary pts. on C via differentiation :
(Not recommended –– steps more tedious)
x2 − 4x + 1
y=
2x + 7
dy (2 x − 4)(2 x + 7) − ( x 2 − 4 x + 1)(2)
=
dx (2 x + 7) 2
4 x 2 + 6 x − 28 − (2 x 2 − 8 x + 2)
=
(2 x + 7) 2
2 x 2 + 14 x − 30
=
(2 x + 7)2
dy
If y is stationary, then = 0,
dx

Page 12 of 19
2 x 2 + 14 x − 30 = 0
x 2 + 7 x − 15 = 0
−7 ± 7 2 − 4(1)(−15) −7 ± 109
x= =
2(1) 2

Since curve C is the graph of a rational function of the form

ax 2 + bx + c R
y= = Px + Q + , with stationary points present, curve C would assume a
dx + e dx + e
general shape :

Curve C

Stationary
point

−7 ± 109
At x = ,
2
x2 − 4 x + 1
y=
2x + 7
2
 −7 ± 109   −7 ± 109 
  − 4  +1
2 2
=   
 −7 ± 109 
2 +7
 2 
1
(49 m14 109 + 109) − 2( −7 ± 109) + 1
= 4
± 109
1
(79) + 15 m 72 109 m2 109
= 2
± 109
109
m11 109 109 11
= 2 2
=± −
± 109 2 2
Set of values of y that C can take
 109 11 109 11 
=y ∈¡ : y ≤ − − or y ≥ − 
 2 2 2 2 

Page 13 of 19
(ii)
y

(iii) x2 − 4 x + 1 1
<−
2x + 7 ( x + 1)
2

1
Draw y = −
( x + 1)
2

Points of intersections
(1.07, −0.234 ) and ( 3.52, −0.0489 )
7
From the diagram, x < − or 1.07<x < 3.52 .
2

Page 14 of 19
 uuur uuur uuur
10(i) PB = OB − OP
 −9.5   11 
   
=  6.5  −  −22 
 10.5   −10 
   
 −20.5 
 
=  28.5 
 20.5 
 
 11   −20.5 
   
lB : r =  −22  + λ  28.5  , λ ∈ ¡
 −10   20.5 
   
 −40   10 
   
l A ' B ' : r =  35  + μ  0  , μ ∈ ¡
 20   11 
   
B’ is the point of intersection between lines lB and l A ' B '
 11 − 20.5λ   −40 + 10 μ 
uuuur     for some λ , μ ∈¡
OB ' =  −22 + 28.5λ  =  35 
 −10 + 20.5λ   20 + 11μ 
   
11 − 20.5λ = −40 + 10 μ −(1)
−22 + 28.5λ = 35 −(2)
−10 + 20.5λ = 20 + 11μ −(3)
From eqn (2),
λ=2
To check with eqn (1) and (2):
From (1), 11 − 20.5 ( 2) = −40 + 10μ  μ = 1
From (2), −10 + 20.5 ( 2) = 20 + 11μ  μ = 1
 −30 
uuuur  
OB ' =  35 
 31 
 
Coordinates of B’ is ( −30,35,31)
(ii) Since lO passes through O and P and is perpendicular to the wall,
 11 
uuur  
n = OP =  −22 
 −10 
 
 11   −40   11 
Equation of wall: r ⋅  −22  =  35  ⋅  −22  = −1410
 −10   20   −10 
     
 11 
 
lO : r = s  −22  , s ∈ ¡
 −10 
 
 11 s 
uuuur  
OO ' =  −22 s  for some s ∈ ¡
 −10 s 
 

Page 15 of 19
  11s   11 
   
 −22 s  ⋅  −22  = −1410
 −10 s   −10 
   
121s + 484 s + 100 s = −1410
s = −2
11( −2 )   −22 
uuuur    
OO ' =  −22 ( −2 )  =  44 
   20 
 −10 ( −2 )   
Coordinates of O ' is ( −22, 44, 20)
(iii) Distance between point P and screen
11   −22 
uuuur uuur uuuur    
O ' P = OP − OO ' =  −22  −  44 
 −10   20 
   
 33 
 
=  −66  = 332 + ( −66 ) + ( −30 )
2 2

 −30 
 
= 6345
(iv)  11 
 
n of plane O ' A ' B ' =  −22 
 −10 
 
uuur uuur
n of plane OAB = OA × OB
 −23   −9.5 
   
=  16  ×  6.5 
 10   10.5 
   
 103 
 
=  146.5 
 2.5 
 
 11   103 
Since  −22  ≠ k  146.5  for any k, planes OAB and O ' A ' B ' are not parallel.
 
 −10   2.5 
   

Alternative method:
By using the fact that if a direction vector of plane OAB is not perpendicular to the normal of
O’A’B’.
 11 
uuur  
OA ⋅  −22 
 −10 
 
 −23   11 
   
=  16  ⋅  −22 
 10   −10 
   
= −705 ≠ 0
uuur
Since OA (on the plane OAB) is not perpendicular to the normal of O’A’B’, the two planes are
not parallel.

Page 16 of 19
11(i) 8z 2 − 4 2 z + 2
z+
1
2
(
8z3 + 4 − 4 2 z 2 + 2 − 2 2 z + 1 ) ( )
8z3 + 4z 2
(
− 4 2z2 + 2 − 2 2 z + 1 )
− 4 2z2 − 2 2z
2z +1
2z +1
0

( )
8z 3 + 4 − 4 2 z 2 + 2 − 2 2 z + 1 = 0 ( )
 1
(8 z 2

 2
)
− 4 2z + 2  z +  = 0

8z 2 − 4 2 z + 2 = 0

(4 2 )
2
4 2± − 4(8)(2)
z=
2(8)
4 2 ± 32 − 64
=
16
4 2 ± −32
=
16
4 2 ± 4 2i
=
16
2 ± 2i
=
4
1 i π4
−
z1 = e ,
2
1 i π4 1
z2 = e , z3 = eiπ
2 2
π
i
w = 2e 24
w2
z4 =
z1
2
 i
π

 2e 
24

= π

1 4 − i
e
2
π π
i +i
= 4e 12 4

π
i
= 4e 3
π
Modulus = 4, argument =
3

Page 17 of 19
 π
i π π
4e 3
= 4 cos + 4 sin i
3 3
= 2 + 2 3i
(iii) π  π π 
sin   = sin  − 
 12  3 4
π  π  π  π 
= sin   cos   − sin   cos  
3 4 4 3
3  2   2  1 
=  −  
2  2   2   2 

=
4
2
( 3 −1 )
(ii), Z4
Im
(iv)

Z2

Re
Z3 O
Z1
“Hence”
Area of quadrilateral OZ 3 Z 4 Z 2
= Area of triangle OZ 2 Z 4 + Area of triangle OZ 4 Z3
11 π π  11  π
=   ( 4 ) sin  −  +   ( 4 ) sin  π − 
22  3 4  22  3
π   2π 
= sin   + sin  
 12   3 

=
4
2
3 −1 +(2
3
)
“Otherwise”

A2

A3 A4

Area of quadrilateral OZ 3 Z 4 Z 2
= Area of big triangle – A2 – A3 – A4

Page 18 of 19
 1 1 1  2  2  1  2  2  2  2 
=  2 +  2 3 −  
  −  2 − 
 2 3−  −  2 −  
2 2 2  4  4  2  4  4   4 
 4 
5 1 2 6 1 2 2
= 3− −2 3+ + − − +
2 16 4 4 16 2 16

=
4
2
( )
3 −1 +
2
3

Page 19 of 19