Thermal Comfort in Classrooms of SEGI

College Subang Jaya

ARUL SAKTIVEL A/L M.NAGARAJAN
SCSJ 1500794

Supervisor: Mr. Azhari

Faculty of Engineering
SEGi College Subang Jaya

Introduction:

A field study is to be conducted in two lecture halls room 7.1 and Auditorium 2nd Floor of SEGI College Subang
Jaya to assess the thermal conditions during the lecture sessions. Comfort parameters were measured to
analyze the thermal comfort acceptability. Thermal comfort acceptability is to be gathered by making the
occupants of the room to answer a survey questionnaire on their thermal perception/sensation of the climate
indoor. The measured data will include air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air flow velocity, relative
humidity and personal variables. The findings from this study will be useful in designing a HVAC system that
can save energy for classroom uses.

Problem Statement: Objective: Methodology

• To assess the thermal Equipment Function
The problem that has been conditions in the classrooms QUESTempº34 Wet bulb temperature
associated in a buildings indoor of SEGI College Subang Mean radiant air temperature
environment is that the occupants of Jaya and compare it with the Dry bulb temperature( Air temp)
a building interacts with the ASHRAE Standard 55 (2017) Relative Humidity
environmental system to please their • To assess the satisfaction of Anemometer Air flow velocity
specific needs of comfort. the occupants on the level of Clo Value calculator Clo Value
Uncomfortable thermal environment Thermal Comfort, with the CBE Thermal Comfort Tool Predicted Mean Vote &
will cause discomfort among aid of ASHRAE thermal Predicted Percentage of
occupants which will lead to less sensation scale used in the Dissatisfied
productivity and affect the health of Thermal Comfort vote.
the occupants as well. • To find the neutral
temperature for the TSV Scale Definition

classrooms. +3 Hot This scales are used to

+2 Warm determine the Thermal
+1 Slightly Warm sensation value in the
0 Neutral classrooms based on the
Expected result with related diagram -1 Slightly Cool collective answers from
-2 Cool the survey questionnaire.
-3 Very Cool
Pmv vs operative temperature

0.4
0.2
This are the example of results that
0.2 are prone to be obtained after the
0
21.5 22 22.5 23 23.5 24 24.5 25 25.5
calculation for PMV is obtained. Operative ta = air temperature
The operative temperature is
-0.2

determined using a formula that

temperature = (tr + (ta tr = mean radiant
-0.4
x √10v)) / (1+√10v) temperature
PMV

-0.6 -0.7
needs the air temperature, mean
-0.8
radiant temperature and the air v = air speed (m/s)
-1 speed velocity. This graph is
-1 -1.1
-1.2 plotted in in order to determine
-1.2 -1.3
the neutral temperature.
-1.4
PmvOPERATIVE TEMPERATURE
Linear (Pmv)

Thermal sensation value for this
graph is to be obtained by calculating
the votes on ASHRAE Thermal
Sensation Scale. The value is then
used predict the neutral temperature
by plotting it against the operative
temperature.
Conclusion:
To conclude all this in a nutshell this
field research will give us the
neutral temperature that should be
achieved in the selected
classrooms. By maintaining the
neutral temperature the comfort of
the occupants can be assured and
simultaneously the energy
consumption could be reduced
indirectly moving to a energy
efficient system.
 Name: Muhammad Taufiq Bamazrue ID: SCSJ1701020
Supervisor’s name : Mr.Azhari & Mr.Mahes

Faculty of Engineering
SEGi College Subang Jaya

➢ Among the most engineering applied plants, the well-known bamboo,

❖ Types of Composites:
➢ Matrix: The required properties in a composite
with rigid culms, has potential to be used as ballistic resistant materials
can be achieved by bonding it with a suitable
matrix. The matrix is a suitable bond that holds
➢ Bamboo Fiber: Bamboo fiber composites is a type of polymer composite
the fibers. Matrix must possess the ability to
material. Bamboo fibers due to its eco-friendly nature, mechanical
deform under load &transfer the load to the fibers
properties, and its ability to be reused have been utilized as reinforcements
in polymer matrix composite.
➢ Reinforcements: Reinforcements used in
composites can be of varying types such as
fibers etc... Reinforcement provides strength to
composites they also help the composite achieve
its desired properties

Problem Statement:
Methodology
❑ Synthetic fiber composites had been
employed in different applications but ❖ Raw materials: ❖ Step 2:
these composites are not
biodegradable. The synthetic fibers Test Panel Preparation
like glass, and carbon are known to be Bar strips cutting process using acrylic
cutter.
harmful to the environment. This is as Bamboo Glass Epoxy
Fiber Fibre
they are difficult to dispose. Acrylic Cutter

❑ Utilizing natural fiber composites such ❖ Step 1:

as bamboo fibers can provide a good Alkalinization Treatment
solution to this issue. Though natural Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH (5 wt. %) for
Bamboo 24 hours in ambient temperature.
fiber composites are biodegradable,
Fiber Neutralizing by washing with running Testing
they are unable to compete with tap water and distilled water. Methods
synthetic fibers due to their weaker
mechanical properties.
Physical Mechanical
Glass Properties Properties
Objective: Fibre
Blending Process
Using laboratory Tensile Test
• To fabricate natural and synthetic Epoxy
laboratory Beaker mug in Universal Testing Machine
fiber composites using bamboo Beaker mug ambient temperature (ASTM D3039)
fiber and glass fiber.

• To investigate the effects of fiber

length (short and long) on the Fabrication Process Result and Analysis
properties of bamboo fiber and G-clamp Hand-lay-up and compression
molding methods using g-clamp.
glass fiber composites.

Expected result with related diagram Yield strength MPa

Conclusion:
Maximum force N Long 6 ➢ the yield strength of
different composite samples
❖
3000
Long Bamboo 700 Bamboo
Based on this study’s objective which is to
Short Bamboo 500 2500 Short 4 were analyzed in the figure
Long Glass 1900 shows that glass fiber have determine the mechanical properties of
Maximum Force N

Bamboo
2000

Fiber Long Glass 15 the highest yield strength long and short bamboo and glass
Short Glass 2600
1500
Fiber which is 21 MPa compare reinforced epoxy composites through
➢ bamboo
Fiber fibers have lower 1000
Short Glass 21 to bamboo fiber which is 4 tensile test, with the use of hand-made
force competes to glass 500 Fiber MPa. method.
fiber. Glass fiber require
more force to break. Short
0
long bamboo short bamboo Long Glass Short Glass ❖ The Analysis showed that bamboo fiber
fiber fiber

bamboo fiber requires 522
N to break or fail. while
short glass fiber requires
2639 N to break
Tensile strength MPa
Composites Sapmles has lower stress compared to glass fiber.
Short bamboo fiber required 7 MPa to
break, while the short glass fiber require
35 MPa to break. However, compared to
synthetic fiber which are man-made with
use of chemical, the bamboo fiber are eco-
40

35 friendly nature
Long Bamboo 10 30

➢ Based on the figure it can be seen that ❖ also bamboo fibers have the ability to be
25
Short Bamboo 7 reused, this makes it to be used as
Tensile strength (MPa)

20
bamboo fibers have lower stress
Long Glass Fiber 25
15 compared to glass fiber. Glass fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix
Short Glass Fiber 35 10 require more stress to break. Short composites and makes it preferable
5 bamboo fiber required 7 MPa to break. compared to other composite
0 Meanwhile short glass fiber requires 35
long bamboo short bamboo Long Glass fiber Short Glass fiber
MPa to break.
Composites Samples
 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A GO KART
CHASSIS
OKKE ODIRA PATRICK SCSJ0020620

Mr Azhari
Faculty of Engineering
SEGi College Subang Jaya

Introduction:

This explains about the project background, its objective, scope and the project flow that is
been conducted.Go-kart or karting as it might been known was born from United States in
1950s, where the engine mainly from discarded lawn engine. It has become one of the
most top and well known sports by multiple group age. Go-kart industry is been popular in
Malaysia as the country is keen on developing a strong motor racing industry.

Problem Statement: Objective: Methodology

Go-kart has been
manufactured and exisits
since decades ago in
European countries and
within Asians and Africans
it is something new and
growing fast. Suppliers for
go-kart parts and chassis in
Malaysia are monopolize by
European countries,
especially Italy. The project
will assits to have a go-kart
chassis that will be lower in
price, light, strong and
comply with FIA rules.
The intial objective of
Methodology in completing
this project is to the project is presented in
design and construct flow chart below:
an amature go-kart Initial Design
chassis. The project is Static Measurement
to understand the
Review design goal
fundamental of a go-
Design Concept and Matrix
kart chassis, design
Final Design review and
and analyze a chassis,
Selection
which is said to be
Chassis Assembly and
light, strong and
fabrication
durable against the
Results and conculusions
normal chassis failure.

Expected result with related diagram Conclusion:

Two type of common material
used for constructing a go kart
chassis; Aluminium Alloys and
Mild Steel has been
investigated and compared in
term of weight, strength,
manufacturability, ease of
manufacturability and cost.
Between these two metallic
materials, Mild Steel has been
chosen to be the most
preferred alternatives for this
project.Although the weight of
aluminium is found 60% lighter

Introduction:
The connecting rod has been one of the workforce of the conventional engines as they are working in correlation with other parts of the
engines to generating rotating motion.
The connecting rod also known as the con rod links the engine piston with crankshaft in order to form a simple power engines that produces
useful rotating motions.
The rigidity of the connecting rod is vital to the power transmission of the piston push and pull in order to generate the rotation of each
halves of the revolution.
Problem Statement:
The commonest challenge of con rod is
the inability of the rod to hold the load
stress, therefore dropping the expected
life span of the rod. This drawback is as a
result of the type of material used or
adopted to design and develop the rod. So
in order to address this gap, it is
important to design and optimize the
current connecting rod to show more
strength in both performance and
combustion resistance.
In this project research, a detailed
attention is focused to the connecting rod
design and optimization. In-depth
knowledge on the various type of
materials that provide increase efficiency,
longer life span, stability, resistance to
combustion and light weight rigidity of
the con rod is explored. This is where the
FE analysis will support the findings and
propose area of optimization for the con
rod.
Expected result with related diagram
Design And Analysis of Connecting Rod
Name & Student ID
Yash Patel
SCSJ-0021147
Supervisor’s name
Mr Azhari
Faculty of Engineering
SEGi College Subang Jaya
Objective: Concept Design
In order to efficiently achieve the set
aim of this project, the objectives are
as below
1.To design a reliable, safe and
efficient engine connecting.
2.To analyze and compare different
material best for the connecting rod.
3.To reduce the weight of connecting
rod and perform FEA on it.
Conclusion:
Connecting Rod play a vital role in the
performance and power capacity of IC
engine.
Failure of connecting rod be limited by
improving design or by improving material
quality or by improving both the
parameters.
Performance of connecting rod can be
improved by changing the material
composition. Different materials have
different properties and by alloying
materials the desired properties can be
achieve.
Thus in this paper a literature review is
done to formulate the methodology for
further work.
 Analysis and Design Optimization of a Digger Arm

Name & Student ID

Bamanqa Ahmed Mubarak Khamis
SCSJ-1500865
Supervisor’s name
Mr Azhari

Faculty of Engineering
SEGi College Subang Jaya

Introduction:
Rocks and soil digging are the common uses of hydraulic excavator, however different arm for different functions such as steal cutting,
holes drilling, paving, landscape mowing, breaking concrete, crushing rocks, concrete and steel with gravel laying can be achieve with
different heads.

Due to the nature of working condition of the digger arm, it is sometime experiences worst working challenges that causes serious stress to
the digger arm. The major cause of this stress acting on the digger arm is the repetitive load task that it is subjected to during operation.

Studies conduct by other research shows that the load and nature of material used for the digger arm constitute to the stress and part failure
frequently witness with the digger arm. Therefore this project proposes a digger arm design and optimization to reduce stress on the digger
arm when subjected to load and lifting.

Problem Statement: Objective: Concept Design

In order to complete this project, the
Different researcher and industrialist
project aim is subdivided into
has utilized several methods to optimize
objectives as:
and design digger arms for worst load
✓Design a digger arm with rib
conditions, most digger arm still faces
structure that supports high stress
the serious stress, corrosive effects and
and heavy load during dynamic
part failure during digging.
working condition.
The digger arm when design with poor
✓Perform static and dynamic
strength properties limits the lifespan of
structure analysis to determine the
the digger, therefore causing part
area of the digger with high stress
failures to the excavators.
during load condition utilizing Auto
Desk Inventor.
Therefore in order to address this gap, it
is important to design the digger arm
✓Select optimal material for the
and subject it to stress analysis to
digger that supports light weight
determine it material weakness.
structure and reduce operational cost

Expected result with related diagram Conclusion:

A varying cross section over the length of
boom replaced the box cross section with
a total weight reduction of 121kgs
obtained i.e. the initial weight of 1584kgs
was reduced to 1463kgs.

Overall stress concentration on the top

and bottom wrappers of the arm was
reduced as much as possible, with the
total number of welds points for
fabrication has decreased.

The kinematic modeling of the arm was

done for one degree of freedom, however
still there is a scope to develop kinematic
model for two degree of freedom.