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Project:
with Steel Structures 2019-2020
Structural system
Structural model
Transient design situation (construction stage): simple beam in and out of bending plane,
with span L=b;
Persistent design situation (operational stage): simple beam in bending plane with
uniform lateral supports at the top flange level. The flange in compression is laterally
restrained by RC slab connected to the beam by welded bolt studs – type Nelson.
3.3.2. Loads
a) Operational stage
Characteristic permanent loads (Self weight)
Reaction force from SB (S.W. covering + RC slab+steel sheeting+instalations (
uniformly distributed)+SBeam):
d
2 Rgk ,SB 2g k ,i ,[kN ]
2
(or taken as reaction force from previous calculations for statical model of the slab - simple beam)
S.W. Primary Beam
g k ,5 ' 0,75 kN / m - approximate value or this self-weight should be calculated on the base of
assumed initial cross-section of primary beam and self-weight of the steel per m3.
Characteristic variable loads (Imposed loads + partition walls)
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Steel Sructures and Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings Academic year:
Project:
with Steel Structures 2019-2020
a) Operational stage
ULS design combinations
1.35Gk 1.5Qk Gd Qd
SLS design combinations
1.0Gk 1.0Qk Gk Qk
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Steel Sructures and Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings Academic year:
Project:
with Steel Structures 2019-2020
b) Construction stage
ULS design combinations
1.35Gk 1.5Qk Gd Qd
SLS design combinations
1.0Gk 1.0Qk Gk Qk
a) Operational stage
b) Construction stage
19
Steel Sructures and Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings Academic year:
Project:
with Steel Structures 2019-2020
Having in mind relatively long span and intense forces the Primery beam will
be designed with built-up plane section. The built-up cross-section is assembled
by welding of independent steel plates. During the design procedure two
processes run simultaneously - cross-section determining and fulfilling of
design requirements. Beam will be designed only as a member of gravity
forces bearing system and presented approach leads to the most economical
solution.
a) Assumed initial proportions of cross-section
In this project the assumed approach is applying of fully effective cross-section.
In such case could be used section class 3, composed directly for the current for ULS and SLS
requirements.
Assumed section class – 3
- minimum requirements for outstand parts in compression:
cf
10 14
tf
- minimum requirements for two sides supported parts in compression:
c
83 w 124
tw
Recommended section dimensions and proportions
t w 5 10 mm
t f 1.5t w - requirement for reducing of deflections of heat affected flange due to welding;
b f (0.3 0.5)hw - relates to preferred ratio between self weight of beam flanges and web
83 w 124
w 100 120
Determination of the minimum height – hmin
This height meets simultaneously the ULS requirement for enough bending resistance and SLS
requirement for enough stiffness.
20
Steel Sructures and Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings Academic year:
Project:
with Steel Structures 2019-2020
pd l 2 I
M Ed , y ,max ; Wel , y y 2
8 h
M f
d Ed , y ,max y
Wel , y M0
5 pk l 4
wmax wu
384 EI y
pk f y
k
pd M 0
l
if wmax wu G Q , then
350
5 kl2
hmin
24 Ewu
Assumed cross section properties
hmin h hopt , rounded to 5mm ;
h
tw (5; 6;7;8;9;10) mm
w
Proving of assumed web dimensions by shear resistance design check
Let’s assume shear force is beared only by the web:
V S 1.5VEd , z fy
max Ed , z ,max y , then
I y tw hwtw 3 M 0
1.5VEd , z 3 M 0
tw
hw f y
If slenderness of stiffened web (stiffened by transverse intermediate and end-post stiffeners) is
beyond the limits below
hw 72
for unstiffend or
tw
hw 31 k 1.2 for S 235 S 355
tw 1.0 for S 460 and higher
21
Steel Sructures and Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings Academic year:
Project:
with Steel Structures 2019-2020
hw
w for stiffened web
37.4t w k
Av f y / 3
w modified slenderness
Av cr
cr E k critical shear buckling stress
2E
E 2
elastic critical plate buckling stress
h
12 1 2 w
tw
4 a
k k 5.34 2 , for 1
hw
5.34 a
k 4.0 , for 1
2
hw
Poisson ' s ratio
w depends on the stiffness of end post (end trasversal rib)
see 5.2 and 5.3 - EN 1993-1-5
The given beam to column joint detail is flexible, so non-rigid end post.
22
Steel Sructures and Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings Academic year:
Project:
with Steel Structures 2019-2020
Iy
Wy
M Ed , y
1
M el , Rd , y
VEd , z
If 0.5, then int eraction should be verified , but if
Vbw, Rd , z
M Ed , y Af f y
1, where M f , Rd , y h0 ,
M f , Rd , y M 0
23
Steel Sructures and Earthquake Resistant Design of Buildings Academic year:
Project:
with Steel Structures 2019-2020
M Ed , y ,max
1
M b ,Rd , y
,
fy
M b,Rd , y LTW y ;
M 0
where buckling length corresponds to the spacing between lateral supports. Initially, this length could
be equal to the beam length, having in mind presence of vertical braced frames in the longitudinal
direction between columns. If the design ratio isn’t fulfilled, the length could be reduced by applying
of horizontal braced frames between secondary beams only for construction stage.
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