CAPARROS, Mariane FA-ID 103.

2 D 
 
 

A League of Their Own: Guiding The Student-Athlete 

INTRODUCTION 

Statement of the Problem 

“​Being a student-athlete is one of the most rewarding and stressful things ever.”​ (Brown, 2016) 

A student-athlete, clearly, is someone who balances academics and sports. The usual connotation for these 

types of students are the jock stereotype or sometimes even having a lazy attitude towards academics due to 

what media portrays them to be. These student-athletes, however, in the real world, are actually the ones who 

do more because as stated previously, they balance school and their sport. Specifically, collegiate 

student-athletes are the ones who have difficulty in going through th day because of their schedule. With 

training in the morning up to two times a day and classes in between, it becomes difficult to accomplish their 

overwhelming number of tasks in an organized fashion given the limited time they have. For these students, 

the “daily grind” becomes quite dragging and eventually, they slowly lose their motivation to keep going. It 

becomes a rollercoaster ride for these students, because not only do they acquire stress from school but also 

from their sport when it is already tournament season. Eventually, it affects their mental health and their 

attitude towards the tasks they have to accomplish. In order to ease the struggle of being a student-athlete, 

there must be a way to help them organize all their requirements without them being overwhelmed. Also, 

motivation is key for them to keep going because their mind is set to the idea of a competition where they 

always have to excel and be on top. Technically, it is like they are competing with themselves to be better and 

having a league of their own. 

 
Significance of the Problem 

Kimball (2003) mentioned that student-athletes felt that their sport brought them up and down at the same 

time. As a student and an athlete at the same time, the expectations from authorities (teachers, coaches, 

parents, etc.) become higher and somehow add to the pressure on these students. It becomes overwhelming 

for them to keep going because it is easier to get out than to stay inside that field. According to J.Scott Hinkle 

(2005), “​Student athletes are subject to emotional difficulties as a function of sports participation. Anxiety resulting from the 

threat of evaluation by others, lack of self-confidence, and unreasonable expectations from coaches and fans are but a few of the 

problems experienced by student athletes.​” With this understanding, it is important to to find an organized and 

motivational solution to ease the struggles of these students, help them cope with their overwhelming tasks 

throughout the day and to “push” them to keep going even when it can be difficult and dragging. 

Stakeholder Profile 

After researching more on the given topic, the researcher has come to find that student-athletes studying in 

different universities in the Philippines are between the ages of 18-24 years old. More focus will be given to 

female athletes seeing as they have a different take on sports than males which can be seen in the study done 

by a team of researchers from Kean University and Drexel University, wherein they monitored the mood 

levels of 465 collegiate athletes over three years. Results showed that female student-athletes were more likely 

to show symptoms of clinical depression than males. In a personal interview with one of the players from the 

Ateneo Women’s Football Team, Katherine opened up about her anxiety1 and how being a student-athlete 

contributed to her mental health. Most moments of being a player brought her down and she “​wanted it all to 

stop​.” She was already too tired to keep going and eventually had to take a break from both school and 

football for her well-being. In another interview with Mia, also part of the Ateneo Women’s Football Team, 

she mentioned how dragging it can be to go through the day (she is currently taking her masters in 

1
Some details from the interview cannot be included in the research due to these being too personal. 
communication in Ateneo de Manila University and works during the day. Her classes are all in the evening), 

especially when it starts with training in the morning. The amount of things she needs to pack for a single day 

also becomes a hassle for her because there is a lot to pack and she ends up forgetting her shoes, underwear, 

etc. Gathering the ideas obtained from personal interviews, it can be noted that there is a need for an 

organized and motivational solution for student-athletes, specifically female, in order for them to keep going 

in their life of balancing co and extra-curricular activities. 

Persona 

Kathleen Amoncio is an 18 year old freshman currently taking up Bachelor of Science in psychology at the 

Ateneo de Manila University. She is a member of Ateneo Environmental Science Society (AESS), Tugon, 

Company of Ateneo Dancers (CADs), and the Ateneo Women’s Football Team while fulfilling requirements 

for her other classes. Kathleen has always been known to be a persistent person. With all of her chosen 

commitments, there is no denying that she is very hard-working and determined as well. She tries her very 

best to excel in everything she does and although is sometimes organized, she tends to be careless with her 

things or loses track of everything she needs to get done in a day. 

Scope and Limitations 

The research will focus on college freshmen student-athletes in the Ateneo de Manila University, particularly 

females because of the amount of things they usually bring and the difference in management of emotions. 

The reason for it being focused on freshmen is because of the adjustment from high school to college life. In 

an interview with Nica Siy, a first year Management Engineering student who is part of the Ateneo Women’s 

Football team, it was difficult to adjust in college because there was so much pressure coming from both her 

sport and academics. It was very “chill” in high school according to her then when she set foot in Ateneo, she 

felt bombarded with requirements. It was difficult for her to balance everything, especially since she wanted 
to excel in both fields. The study will help understand the overwhelming struggles of the college 

student-athlete and how to organize their schedule, while keeping them motivated to represent their school. 

The researcher will also try to collaborate with the University Athletics Office (UAO) in order for the 

research output to be distributed to freshmen student-athletes through the Academic Advisors in the 

Athlete’s Study Hall. The limitation here is whether the UAO would allow this additional supplement for their 

athletes because it would mean an additional payment. Another limitation of the study will be the emotional 

development of each student-athlete because it is impossible to fully predict how one handles emotional 

stress and pressure from external factors since each person is unique and each person’s attitude is different. 

With this understanding, effects of the design solution will vary due to how each student-athlete balances 

their sport and academic life. Adding to the previous statement, it could then affect whether the 

student-athlete would accept and use the research output or design solution done by the researcher. Another 

limitation would be the schedule of the student-athlete because even if the class schedule is fixed, the training 

and gym schedules may vary unless the subject will fix his or her class schedule to have a set time and day for 

gym. 

SOLUTION 

In order to help the organization and motivation of college freshmen student-athletes, the researcher decided 

to combine the idea of a planner and a keychain. The first idea was a planner, however the problem would be 

in the long run where planners are often tossed aside. The other idea was an application which is a 

planner-type for student-athletes being that they are on-the-go people, but it can also be forgotten and 

eventually regarded as a hassle.  

Comments from peers 

1. “We don’t have exact solutions, but maybe we can design something that could help lessen the things 

that they would need to think about. Example would be having a notebook and planner in one.” 
 2. “We can also have like a mood meter that could track the mental well-being of an individual so that 

they know if they should start to chill more.” 

3. “Try to narrow down the scope of the solution.” 

In order to appeal the idea of a planner to the idea of athletes being on-the-go because of their schedule, the 

researcher has decided to make a schedule organizer that is small, tangible, and simple. The design solution is 

an ID supplement, where the student-athlete can view her schedule and important things to remember. Along 

with this, it will go with the Ateneo colors in order to appeal to their school spirit. It will be a cloth material 

case where there are card templates; the templates are for the student-athletes to fill in their details for the 

class schedule and reminders. In collaboration with the UAO, these can be provided to freshmen 

student-athletes at the start of the semester with their names, in order for it to be personalized. A “cut 

counter” card can also be added to the ID supplement in order for the student-athletes to monitor their cuts. 

(Monday, Wednesday and Friday classes have 9 allowable cuts, Tuesday and Thursday classes have 6 cuts, and 

one day classes only have 3 cuts.) With all this, the solution is then a small kit for the freshmen 

student-athletes to help them adjust in the organization of their new life of being a college student-athlete.  

 
 
  

Methodology 

The choice for the design solution was either a planner or a mobile application. The first choice, the planner, 

was thought of as something that would be forgotten in the long run, especially since not all people religiously 

write down the details of their agenda. After asking several student-athletes like Gabby Esguerra, a freshman 
in BFA Information Design, the idea of a planner would aesthetically be good but the usability would only be 

for a short period of time. The mobile application would have been a good idea, however it would also be 

forgotten in the long run and it would be somehow “hassle” because the subject would always have to input 

his or her schedule, and the things he or she has to bring. The researcher decided to consider the idea of 

student-athletes always being on-the-go and with this understanding, the idea of a combination of a 

planner/organizer and a keychain came into mind. Also, the proposed solution was inspired by a BFA 

Information Design senior’s thesis entitled “3 Fights.” The thesis included booklets that would be provided 

for freshmen student-athletes in order to monitor their cuts, memorize the Ateneo hymn, etc. It was related 

to the researcher’s chosen topic and eventually, an ID supplement was thought of in order for it to always be 

on the subject and easily remembered where class schedules, reminders and cut monitors can be inserted. The 

ID would also serve as a constant reminder for the person, since the ID is very important for the student. 

CONCLUSION 

After interviewing different student-athletes and researching on the effects of balancing both sports and 

academics on the subjects, the researcher has found that this simple solution cannot fully solve the problem 

but only a part of it. It is understood that there is so much more to being a student-athlete than just the 

organization of the schedule and the drive to continue. Although, this solution is simply to ease the struggle 

of being a student-athlete. In an interview with one of the Academic Advisors from the Athlete’s study hall, 

the idea of this cannot only help them organize their schedule but also make them feel special to be a 

student-athlete knowing that it is only them who will have this kind of ID. The freshmen student-athletes the 

researcher has interviewed noticed that the most common thing among them is that they really have difficulty 

in adjusting to the college life due to all the pressure they receive. With this constant reminder, in a form of 

an ID case, it could help motivate them to keep going because it would remind them that they represent the 

school and they are different from other students— they wake up earlier than usual or stay later in school 
than most, and still try to find the energy to do school work just so they could still play. The design solution 

of the organizer can help ease the difficulty of student-athletes with their overwhelming responsibilities. 

LITERATURE REVIEW 

Unknown (2014). “5 Reasons Student-Athletes Struggle Academically, Grades First.” 

http://gradesfirst.com/5-reasons-student-athletes-struggle-academically/ 

This online article takes note of the main issues experienced by student-athletes. The article breaks 

down their experiences in both their respective fields and classroom settings, trying to understand 

why they struggle in each area in 5 main points. The author lists down “Time Management”, “The 

Hero Complex” “Motivation”, “Lack of Organization” and “Communication”. The greatest 

difficulty that student-athletes experience has everything to do with managing their time. This is for 

the sole reason that they have more to accomplish as opposed to students who have only their school 

requirements to worry about. Athletes begin their days up to 3 hours earlier than regular students, 

undergo rigorous training for months, sacrifice their weekends for games and tournaments, fit in gym 

sessions within the week, and maintain standard grade point averages in order to remain eligible to 

compete. Playing a sport to some people may seem like just fun and games but it certainly is a 

commitment that presents each player with a new set of responsibilities.  

The portion of this article that relates most to the chosen topic for the research is the fourth on the 

list, which is “Lack of Organization.” Athletes, regardless of their sport, bring with them more items 

than regular students do. They need uniforms and equipment for training, extra clothes and toiletries 

for after training, and school supplies to bring to their classes. Often times, student-athletes find it 

difficult to remember everything they need to bring and therefore lose momentum in terms of 
 getting through the day in an efficient and organized manner. Ensuring they have everything with 

them is important precisely because they have so many things they need to get done and have little 

time to spare such as going home to pick things up or borrowing necessary materials. Being a 

student-athlete helps an individual develop skills particularly in terms of independence because they 

cannot rely on others to accomplish their requirements for them. Being disciplined is another 

important characteristic because any signs of laziness will spell great differences for their 

performance on the court as well as inside the classroom. 

Organization is something worth looking into for the project seeing as it is where student efficiency 

beings. Having a reliable system that student-athletes can follow daily will help ensure that they get 

everything done given their tight and busy schedules. One thing student-athletes need help with is 

having a means of remembering to bring everything they need and a guide for accomplishing all their 

school requirements after training. These athletes, more often than not, have full days that begin and 

end at 5 AM and 6 PM respectively, which means they have little time to spare for lounging around.  

Grimit, Nicole (2014). “Effects of Student Athletics On Academic Performance.” The Journal of 

Undergraduate Research: Vol. 12, Article 5. South Dakota. 

http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=jur 

Author Nicole Grimit conducted a study back in 2014 that aimed to shed light on the experiences of 

college students who play sports. This particular source was written in the hopes of understanding 

why student-athletes struggle particularly in the collegiate level and whether or not being a varsity 

member is more beneficial than detrimental to a student who is trying to get a degree. More than 60 

students were surveyed in which their responses served as the main source of information to be 

analyzed by the researcher. The paper’s conclusion showed that being a student-athlete in the 
 collegiate level is, in fact, beneficial for a number of reasons such as development & growth, 

improvement in classroom performance, and optimum health.  

The reason why this particular study can be related to the topic is that it sheds a positive light on the 

decision students make to commit to one more thing on top of their studies. Being an athlete 

requires time and effort that some often feel that it requires sacrificing study time and educational 

growth. Because eligibility to play for one’s sport requires athletes to maintain good grades, it is clear 

that they become more motivated to work harder on and off the court or field. 

Johnson, Brett (2013). “The Struggles and Rewards For Being A Collegiate Athlete”. 8am Edition. 

http://sites.jmu.edu/103oconnor-16/the-struggles-and-rewards-of-being-a-college-athlete/ 

Like the first two sources, this article presents readers with both the positive and negative 

experiences that student-athletes at the college level undergo. By looking deeper into their struggles, 

possible design solutions can be developed to help address those problems and help make their 

experience as athletes a more fulfilling one. 

There are many possible issues that can be tackled but instead of trying to solve all of them, looking 

into each struggle will help focus on one of those issues and slowly improve the student-athlete 

experience. It is a serious commitment that proves to be a great opportunity for students to grow and 

prepare for their futures.  

Gerstacker, Diana. (2015, March 14). “10 Habits of Successful Athletes”. MSN Lifestyle. 

http://www.msn.com/en-us/health/cardio/10-habits-of-successful-athletes/ss-AAb2jp3#image=1 

This online article aims to advise athletes on the things they need to do in order to excel, regardless 

of their sport. Playing a sport isn’t for everyone; more than just skill or talent, dedication and hard 

work are just as important should the individual have plans to pursue their sport at a collegiate or 
 even professional level. This article breaks it down into 10 points, which are to 1) set both short and 

long term goals, 2) picture their process (of development), 3) learn from their mistakes, 4) know the 

importance of nutrition, 5) get the right amount of rest, 6) follow a strict training program, 7) train 

hard, 8) keep records of improvements, 9) focus on those who are better and work to rise above 

them, and 10) work to prove one’s self. 

What makes being an athlete so difficult is that it really requires the individual to be at his or her 

optimum mental, physical, emotional, and in some cases, spiritual state in order for them to perform 

to their maximum potential. Athletes who intend to reach higher levels of competition are expected 

to be disciplined in all aspects of their life because even the slightest signs of distractions can cause 

failure or losses. 

The article contributes to the research with more understanding of the difficulties that athletes go 

through everyday. Although the study is being done in the hope of understanding student-athletes as 

a whole, it is of equal importance to understand what constitutes both concepts—being a student, 

and being an athlete—and how the individual is shaped based on both aspects 

Breitenbach, Jerome. (1997). “How To Be A Good Student”. Academic Tips. 

https://www.academictips.org/acad/beastudent.html 

As previously stated, there are two things that constitute a student-athlete: for them to focus on a 

particular sport while fulfilling their academic requirements. Looking closer at the academic side, it is 

important to point out that student-athletes, first and foremost, have the responsibility of attending 

to their studies before even being eligible to compete in their given sport. Universities do not take 

this lightly seeing as they are in school to get a good education and sports are there to provide 

students with another avenue to excel and grow as individuals. 

Being a good student can be understood in a number of different ways such as having good study 

habits, maintaining sufficient grade point averages, being responsible requirements and being present 
 at classes. What this source does, however, is give general points of advice to students having 

difficulty anywhere, from being attentive in class and taking down notes to studying and actually 

taking tests. 

This online article provides an understanding of the responsibilities that these athletes need to have 

in terms of their academic development and growth. Excelling in the classroom should be looked at 

with utmost importance because sports will not guarantee every athlete a future that education does. 

Student-athletes need to be reminded of the fact that they are in their universities for a reason—to 

learn. Precisely because these individuals have a great number of commitments and requirements, it 

will be of much help to them if they are made aware of the different techniques and steps needed to 

get all their requirements done exceptionally. 

Unrue, Bruce. (Unknown. “Success In The Classroom and On The Field”. College XPress. 

University of Texas. http://www.collegexpress.com/interests/public-colleges-and-universities/ 

articles/student-life/success-classroom-and-field/ 

This article was written as a way of advising student-athletes with 4 main points as its focus. The 

writer addressed first year athletes in particular, who often find it difficult to balance their studies, 

training/competitions and the freedom that comes with being in college. With this being said, these 

individuals have a hard time finding a system that allows them to balance their time in an organized 

and efficient manner. Student-athletes are constantly active—moving around from practice, to class, 

to reviewing for tests, resting, and even finding time to have a social life with friends and family. 

The writer’s four pieces of advice to student athletes are to 1) make a time-management plan, 2) 

establish good relationships with professors, 3) show seriousness about receiving an education and 

lastly, 4) be a leader. 

Much is expected of student-athletes, especially when it comes to performing in both the classroom 

and on their field or court. They are looked at by many and should therefore stand as good examples 
 to their schoolmates focused only on school. For this reason, the article proves to be relevant 

because balancing an athletic and academic life is a very difficult task; one not everyone is built or 

equipped for. These individuals can then use all the help they can get in order to perform or deliver 

to the very best of their abilities. They should know what it takes to go beyond what is expected of 

them and reach their optimum growth for personal development in their 4-5 years of representing 

their school as undergraduates and athletes. 

Chimento, J. (2016, May 02). Inside The Mind Of A Student-Athlete. Retrieved April 03, 2017, from 

https://www.theodysseyonline.com/inside-mind-student-athlete 

In this short article by Jordan Chimento, he gives a concise descriptive essay on what it is like to be a 

student-athlete and how others see them. He mentioned the stereotypical notion of student-athletes 

being lazy and having no time for their academics. Although, the article does seem vague due to the 

lack of sources but it is straight to the point.  

Brown, G. T. (Ed.). (2014). Mind, Body and Sport: Understanding and Supporting Student-Athlete 

Mental Wellness. doi:https://www.lssu.edu/counseling/documents/MindBodySport.pdf 

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is, according to their website, a member-led 

organization dedicated to the well-being and lifelong success of college athletes. They prioritize the 

academics, well-being, and fairness of student-athletes in order for them to succeed in school, sports, 

and life after their extra and co-curricular activities. They offer academic services, with more than 8 

out of 10 student-athletes at Division I schools2 who are earning bachelor’s degrees. They also offer 

tutorials, academic advisers, and state-of-the-art technology. The NCAA’s Sport Science Institute 

2
​These are schools with major collegiate athletic powers, larger budgets, more elaborate facilities and more athletic 
scholarships. In the case of the Philippines, these are usually the universities who compete in the University Athletic 
Association of the Philippines (UAAP). 
 promotes health and safety through research and training on concussions, overuse injuries, drug 

testing, mental health, sexual assault and more. 

In “Mind, Body and Sport: Understanding and Supporting Student-Athlete Mental Wellness,” they 

discuss various factors of the mental conditions of student-athletes. They discuss various disorders 

that are possible among student-athletes such as eating disorders, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and 

even suicidal tendencies. There is also a discussion on the mental health of student-athletes after 

getting injured wherein it is possible for them to become depressed because of their disability. With 

these illnesses that are possible among student-athletes, the book offers solutions in order to keep 

track of their mental wellness. With this source, it could contribute to a better understanding for the 

overwhelming schedule of student-athletes. 

Kimball, A., & Freysinger, V. J. (2003). Leisure, Stress, and Coping: The Sport Participation of 

Collegiate Student-Athletes. Leisure Sciences, 25(2-3), 115-141. doi:10.1080/01490400306569 

In the research of Kimball and Freysinger, they interviewed various student-athletes asking questions 

such as, “​Tell me about the most stressful thing in your sport. How does this make you feel? How do you react?” ​or 

“​If there was one thing that you could change about being a student-athlete what would it be?”​ These questions 

centered mostly on the stress that student-athletes experience due to their sport and academics, or 

sometimes even outside of the sectors like race, gender, etc. The student-athletes discussed their 

experiences in their sport with both positive and negative comments about their life with academics 

and sports. Some mentioned that with their sport, they felt as if they were capable of doing anything 

but at the same time, it can make them feel less of themselves. It brings them up and down at the 

same time.  

 
Hinkle, J. S. (2005). Promoting optimum mental health through counseling: an overview. (pp. 

131-134) Austin, TX: CAPS Press, an independent imprint of Pro-Ed. 

“​Student athletes are subject to emotional difficulties as a function of sports participation. Anxiety resulting from the 

threat of evaluation by others, lack of self-confidence, and unreasonable expectations from coaches and fans are but a few 

of the problems experienced by student athletes.”​ Hinkle discusses here the need for counselors in order to 

monitor the student-athlete’s mental health, especially for collegiate athletes because not all make it 

to the olympics. Career development and life planning is needed for these athletes because not all will 

play forever. Hinkle basically states that sports counseling should be done in order for the 

student-athletes to stay grounded. 

Brown, N. (2016, May 02). The Struggles Of A Student Athlete. Retrieved April 17, 2017, from 

https://www.theodysseyonline.com/the-struggles-of-student-athlete 

“​Everyone talks about how to survive college, but they don’t tell you how to be a student-athlete.”​ Nakiayah Brown 

briefly discusses her experience as a student-athlete in college. She mentions some details that are 

relatable for most, if not all, student-athletes like having to balance school work and getting the right 

amount of food for weights training. Another detail she mentions is barely having the time to go out 

because of academics, especially when it comes to writing papers because of the time it takes to 

research and think critically. Basically, it is both rewarding and stressful at the same time to be a 

student-athlete and college becomes the best and worst 4-5 years of a student-athlete’s life. 

Saxe, K. (2015). The Lived Experience of a Collegiate Female Student-Athlete [PDF] (Unpublished 

master's thesis). University of Tennessee-Knoxville. Retrieved April 17, 2016. DOI: 

http://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4760&context=utk_gradthes 
 Saxe here discusses the lived experience of collegiate female student-athletes. Many female 

student-athletes were subject to eating disorders and mental illnesses like depression. This study by 

Saxe can contribute to the research and further understanding of what can be done to help ease the 

struggles of female student-athletes, especially since more focus will be done on these subjects for the 

study. 

Schreiber, K. (2016, January 30). College Athletes May Be More Depressed Than You Think. 

Retrieved April 17, 2017, from 

https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-truth-about-exercise-addiction/201601/college-athlet

es-may-be-more-depressed-you-think 

The study presented here by students from Kean University and Drexel University is the prevalence 

of depressive symptoms by sport and gender among 465 NCAA division 1 athletes. Various factors 

affected the depression of these athletes, especially for the females. These factors were pressure from 

the coach, insecurity, guilt, unworthiness, etc. 

REFERENCES 

Breitenbach, Jerome. (1997). “How To Be A Good Student”. Academic Tips. 

https://www.academictips.org/acad/beastudent.html 

Brown, G. T. (Ed.). (2014). Mind, Body and Sport: Understanding and Supporting Student-Athlete Mental  

Wellness. doi:https://www.lssu.edu/counseling/documents/MindBodySport.pdf 

Brown, N. (2016, May 02). The Struggles Of A Student Athlete. Retrieved April 17, 2017, from  

https://www.theodysseyonline.com/the-struggles-of-student-athlete 

Chimento, J. (2016, May 02). Inside The Mind Of A Student-Athlete. Retrieved April 03, 2017, from  

https://www.theodysseyonline.com/inside-mind-student-athlete 

Gerstacker, Diana. (2015, March 14). “10 Habits of Successful Athletes”. MSN Lifestyle. 
 http://www.msn.com/en-us/health/cardio/10-habits-of-successful-athletes/ss-AAb2jp3#image=1 

Grimit, Nicole (2014). “Effects of Student Athletics On Academic Performance.” The Journal of  

Undergraduate Research: Vol. 12, Article 5. South Dakota. 

http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=jur 

Hinkle, J. S. (2005). Promoting optimum mental health through counseling: an overview. (pp. 131-134)  

Austin, TX: CAPS Press, an independent imprint of Pro-Ed. 

Johnson, Brett (2013). “The Struggles and Rewards For Being A Collegiate Athlete”. 8am Edition. 

http://sites.jmu.edu/103oconnor-16/the-struggles-and-rewards-of-being-a-college-athlete/ 

Kimball, A., & Freysinger, V. J. (2003). Leisure, Stress, and Coping: The Sport Participation of Collegiate  

Student-Athletes. Leisure Sciences, 25(2-3), 115-141. doi:10.1080/01490400306569 

Unknown (2014). “5 Reasons Student-Athletes Struggle Academically, Grades First.” 

http://gradesfirst.com/5-reasons-student-athletes-struggle-academically/ 

Unrue, Bruce. (Unknown. “Success In The Classroom and On The Field”. College XPress. University of  

Texas. http://www.collegexpress.com/interests/public-colleges-and-universities/ 

articles/student-life/success-classroom-and-field/ 

Saxe, K. (2015). The Lived Experience of a Collegiate Female Student-Athlete [PDF] (Unpublished master's  

thesis). University of Tennessee-Knoxville. Retrieved April 17, 2016. DOI: 

http://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4760&context=utk_gradthes