Olalia, April Joy G.

18-41770
BSEd Science- 3B January 8, 2021

CHAPTER 3: LESSON 4
:

:
Explain how the second law of thermodynamics tells us that it is impossible to
produce usable energy with zero environmental impact.

One thing the Second Law explains is that it is impossible to convert heat energy to
mechanical energy with 100 percent efficiency. After the process of heating a gas to increase its
pressure to drive a piston, there is always some leftover heat in the gas that cannot be used to do
any additional work.
 :

Answer the following problems on the space provided.

1. If 30.0J are added by heat to water at 12°C, what is the change in entropy?
Given:

Solution:

2. A woman shuts her summer cottage up in September and returns in June. No one has
entered the cottage in the meantime. Explain what she is likely to find, in terms of the
second law of thermodynamics.
Answer:
The cottage is shut down in September and opened in June; a time gap of 9
months is obtained. But because of the lack of movement in the cottage the dust
flying around must have settled and hence almost everything in the cottage will be
covered in dust. This is the major change in the cottage as per the second law of
thermodynamics, since there occurs a sudden drop in the entropy of the same,
which cause the dust processing greater entropy to settle down.

3. (a) On a winter day, a certain house loses 5.00 × 10 8 J of heat to the outside (about
500,000 Btu). What is the total change in entropy due to this heat transfer alone, assuming
an average indoor temperature of 21.0ºC and an average outdoor temperature of 5.00ºC?
(b) This large change in entropy implies a large amount of energy has become unavailable
to do work. Where do we find more energy when such energy is lost to us?

Given:
Solution:
A.

B. In order to gain more energy, we must generate it from things within the
house, like a heat pump, human bodies and other appliances. As of now,
we use a lot of energy to keep our houses warm in the winter because of
the loss of heat to the outside.
 :

Answer the following questions on the space provided.

1. What is the increase in entropy when 3.00kg of ice at 0°C melt to form water at 0°C?
Given:

Solution:

( )

2. On a hot summer day, 4.00 × 106 J of heat transfer into a parked car takes place,
increasing its temperature from 35.0ºC to 45.0ºC. What is the increase in entropy of the car
due to this heat transfer alone?
Given:

Solution:

The increase in entropy is

3. For heat transferring energy from a high to a low temperature, what usually happens to the
entropy of the whole system?
Answer:
The flow of any energy is always from high to low. Therefore, entropy always
tends to increase.
4. What is the decrease in entropy of 25.0 g of water that condenses on a bathroom mirror at
a temperature of 35.0ºC, assuming no change in temperature and given the latent heat of
vaporization to be 2450 kJ/kg?
Given:

Solution:

( ( ) )

Therefore, the decrease in entropy of water is 199J/K

5. Consider a system with certain energy content, from which we wish to extract as much work
as possible. Should the system’s entropy be high or low? Is this orderly or disorderly?
Structured or uniform? Explain briefly.
Answer:
Every process carried out is associated with an increase in the entropy and
when entropy increase, a certain amount of energy becomes permanently
unavailable to do work, since its nature is different. Hence whenever there is a
requirement of obtaining a greater amount of work from a source, the source is
always preferred to have lower entropy associated with it. Such a system enables a
greater energy to be available for doing work and a lesser amount to be transferred
to unusable entropy rise.