BASIC COMPRESSION

THEORY

Basic Parameters/Types of Compressors

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COMMITTED TO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVITY

We stand by our responsibilities towards our customers,

towards the environment and the people around us.
We make performance stand the test of time. This is what
we call – Sustainable Productivity.
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TOPICS/AGENDA

Company Introduction

Basic Compression Principles
– Basic Parameters (Pressure, Temperature, Volume, Flow Rate, Power)

Types of Compressors

Open Forum

Closing
 BASIC COMPRESSOR
KNOWLEDGE

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PRESSURE

Total pressure

effective
pressure

absolute
atmospheric pressure
pressure
pressure = 0
PRESSURE

• Pressure Measurement Scales

Absolute Gage
Scale Scale

PABS = PATM + PGAGE

Gage PABS = PATM – PVAC

pressure

NOTE: Pressures
measured by pressure
PATM 0
gages are in gage units,
convert first to absolute
Vacuum pressure before using in
pressure the equations of state.

Absolute - PATM
Zero
PRESSURE

Pneumatic
System Absolute
Pressure Pressure
100 psig
114.5 psia

Vacuum
-9 psig
Local
Atmospheric
Normal Atmospheric Pressure
Pressure
14.5 psia
14.7 psia (29.52”Hg)

Absolute Pressure
5.5 psia

ZERO PRESSURE (PERFECT VACUUM)

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EFFECTIVE PRESSURE

The effective pressure is the difference between
absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure

P absolute – P atmospheric

It is the pressure available to deliver work

Effective pressure = Gauge pressure

Atmospheric pressure
1 bar

Absolute pressure Effective pressure

8 bar 7 bar
COMPRESSION PRINCIPLE

Pressure

Volume

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COMPRESSION PRINCIPLE

Pressure
2

Compression

Volume

10
COMPRESSION PRINCIPLE

Pressure
3 Discharge 2

Compression

Volume

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COMPRESSION PRINCIPLE

Pressure
3 Discharge 2

Pressure Compression
reduction

1
4

Volume

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COMPRESSION PRINCIPLE

Pressure
3 Discharge 2

Pressure Compression
reduction

1
4 Suction

Volume

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COMPRESSION PRINCIPLE

Pressure
3 Discharge 2

Pressure Compression
reduction

1
4 Suction

Suction Volume Volume

Stroke Volume

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BASIC PRINCIPLES

Characteristics

Displacement

Enclosing a volume of air and then increasing the
pressure by reducing the area of the enclosed volume

Constant flow

Dynamic

The flowing gas accelerates to a high velocity by means
of the rotating blades, after which the velocity of the gas
is transformed to pressure

Constant pressure

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 Centrifugal Compressor Fundamentals

Performance
curve
CENTRIFUGAL

PRESSURE
COMPRESSOR

POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT
COMPRESSOR

CAPACITY

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BASIC PRINCIPLES

The Reciprocating (Piston) compressor belongs in the category of
displacement compressors
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BASIC PRINCIPLES

The screw compressor belongs in the category of displacement
compressors

Oil inj.

Oil Free.w

Oil Free.a
Basic Compression Theory

The Positive Displacement

Principle As
Applies To Screw

The volume of the air or

gas is progressively
reduced along the length
of the screw,causing a
pressure increase.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES

The tooth compressor belongs in the category of displacement
compressors

Single tooth

Double tooth
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BASIC PRINCIPLES

Other types

Scroll
type
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BASIC PRINCIPLES

The Centrifugal compressor belongs in the category of dynamic
compressors

Centrifugal
Compressor
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

Impeller

The compressor element for Centrifugal
Compressors

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Basic Compression Theory

DYNAMIC COMPRESSOR

Dynamic Principle
– Velocity (Kinetic Energy)
1/2 mv2 converted to
pressure

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Basic Compression Theory

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

RADIAL PRESSURE CUTS

DIFFUSERS
FLOW CUTS
VANES

INDUCER

PRESSURE INCREASE FOLLOWS THE PRINCIPLE OF BERNOULLI

P V2

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THREE-STAGE FLOW DIAGRAM – OIL FLOW

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COMMITTED TO
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVITY.