MT 202: Homework 8

Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan

“Reactions and transitions”

1. 100g of Fe is quenched (i.e., rapidly cooled) from 1373 K to 273 K by throwing the sample
in a bucket of ice+water at 273 K and constant atmospheric pressure. As iron cools down,
it transforms from its high-temperature 𝛾 to its low-temperature 𝛼 phase at 1185 K. From
tabulated thermodynamic tables, we know that Δ𝐻!→# = 900 J/mol. Assuming that the
molar specific heats of 𝛼 and 𝛾 phases do not change with temperature, and have values of
38 J/mol/K and 34 J/mol/K, respectively, what is the enthalpy change of iron as it reaches
273 K? (Molar mass of Fe: 56 g/mol).
a. What is the minimum amount of ice (in g) that has to be kept in the bucket to ensure
that the bucket stays at 273 K after equilibrating with Fe? Neglect any heat transfer
of bucket with environment. Enthalpy of melting of ice at 273 K and atmospheric
pressure is 6048 J/mol. 𝑐$%&' = 2.05 J/g/K. 𝑐$()*'+ =4.184 J/g/K. Molar mass of
ice/water is 18g/mol.

2. One mole of a diatomic ideal gas is compressed isothermally at 300 K from 1 atm to 15
atm. Calculate the following quantities.
a. Work done during the compression
b. Heat exchanged to keep the gas at 300 K during compression
c. Enthalpy change of gas
d. Entropy change of gas

3. The latent heat of vaporization of water at 373 K and 1 atm is 2261 kJ/kg. The density of
water vapor produced on vaporization at 373 K and 1 atm is 0.597 kg/m3. Neglecting the
volume occupied by liquid water initially, what is the work done in producing vapor in the
vaporization process? What percentage of latent heat is spent on performing this work?
You can neglect any heat dissipation to the surroundings and normalize all quantities per
kg of water/vapor.
a. What is the internal energy change for the vaporization process? How does it
compare to the latent heat?

4. Ammonia gas is compressed rapidly to a pressure of 10 atm and 1200 K and placed inside
a diathermal container of constant volume. At 1200 K, ammonia will start decomposing
according to the following reaction, generating nitrogen and hydrogen gas.
2𝑁𝐻, → 𝑁- + 3𝐻-
Assume that ammonia has not decomposed during the rapid compression and all gases
behave ideally. What is the final pressure inside the container after ammonia has fully
decomposed?
a. If the enthalpy change of ammonia decomposition is +87 kJ/(mol of N2 formed),
what is the amount of heat that needs to be extracted or supplied to keep the system
at 1200 K after all the ammonia has decomposed.
b. If this ammonia decomposition reaction were to fully happen starting from 1200 K
and 10 atm in an adiabatic container of constant volume, what will be the final
 . / /."
temperature of the gas that forms. 𝑐$ ! = 𝑐$ ! = 33 J/K/mol, 𝑐$ = 36 J/K/mol.
1.
(Note: for ideal gases, 𝐶$ − 𝐶0 = 𝑁𝑅 and 4 1$ 5 = 0).
2

5. An ideal gas going through a Joule-Thomson expansion (i.e., throttling process) keeps its
temperature constant (Problem 2, Homework 7). Show that this process is irreversible by
estimating the entropy of the universe. You can assume the initial and final pressures to be
𝑝3 and 𝑝% , while the temperature is 𝑇4 .

5 .
6. For a paramagnetic material that obeys Curie law (i.e., 𝑀′ = #2 , 𝐶& >0), how does the
temperature change with the application of a magnetic field (use 𝐻6 = 𝜇7 𝐻) reversibly
under adiabatic conditions? Does the temperature increase or decrease with the application
of a magnetic field? Explain.