EDEXCEL AS CHEMISTRY BOOK 1

Topic 1 Formula

1/ The mass, in grams of 1 mole of substance is known as molar

mass, Mr.
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
→ Number of moles(n)= 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠,𝑀𝑟 (Unit=mol)

2/ Number of moles(n)= 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑚3 x concentration (Unit=mol)

Number of moles(n)
3/ Concentration= (Unit=𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑑𝑚3 )
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑚3

4/ Small concentration can be expressed in parts per million, ppm.

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
→ ppm= x 106
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

mass of solution=mass of (solute + solvent)

5/ Percentage Yield
The amount of a product obtained is the yield. When compared with
the maximum theoretical
amount as a percentage, it is called percentage yield:

𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

→ Percentage Yield= 𝑥100%
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠

6/ Atom Economy
Atom economy is a measure of the amount of starting materials
that end up as useful products.
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑦 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥100%

7/ Avogadro Constant
It is the number of particles in one mole of a substance. Value:
6.02x1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1
To find the number of particles of a certain substance, we first have
to find the number of moles of a substance then multiply the
number of moles with the value of Avogadro Constant.