STOICHIOMETRI

C
CALCULATIONS
Prepared By: Ms. Jeira Mei C. Dayon
 Stoichiometry

It refers to the quantitative relationships between the substances

that are used up and produced in chemical reactions.
The Elements, sorted by
Atomic Mass
 Atomic Mass (Atomic Weight)
It refers to the mass in terms of atomic mass unit (amu). The atomic mass value can
be found in the periodic table of elements. In order to relate the atomic mass to the number
of entities (atoms, molecules, ions, other particles), chemists have derived a unit called
mole (mol).
 Mole
It is the amount of substance that contains the same number of entities. Scientists have
refined this number which is equal to and known as Avogadro’s number.

 1 mole= entities

 Example: What is the mass of 5.00 mol of C?

5.00 mol C x = 60. 05 g

 Molar Mass
It is defined as the mass of one mole of atom, molecule or formula unit of a substance and
its unit is g/mol.

Example:

Elements No. of Moles Atomic Masses Products

H 2 x 1.008 = 2.016
S 1 x 32.07 = 32.07
O 4 x 16.00 = 64.00
Total 98. 086 g/mol
Sample Problem
Soda ash, or sodium carbonate (is an important raw materials in glass manufacturing.
Calculate the amount in moles and formula units in 2.5 g of soda ash.

MOLAR MASS:

Elements No. of Moles Atomic Masses Products

Na 2 x 22.99 = 45.98
C 1 x 12.01 = 12.01
O 3 x 16.00 = 48.00
Total 105.99 g/mol
Moles:
2.5 g x

FORMULA UNITS:

0.024 mol x formula units

How to balance a chemical
equation?
 To balance a chemical equation
A coefficient shall be added and placed in front of a formula in a chemical equation so that
each type of atom in the reactant side will have the same number in the product side.

Count the atoms on each side of the equation.

First step:

For example : +

S=8 S=1

O=2 O=2
 To balance a chemical equation
A coefficient shall be added and placed in front of a formula in a chemical equation so that
each type of atom in the reactant side will have the same number in the product side.

Coefficients. We can only change the coefficients. These coefficients can be

Second step: found in front of the atoms.

For example : + 8

S=8 S = 1x8=8

O = 2x8=16 O = 2x8=16
 To balance a chemical equation
A coefficient shall be added and placed in front of a formula in a chemical equation so that
each type of atom in the reactant side will have the same number in the product side.

For example :
+ 2O

H = 2x2=4 H = 2x2=4

O=2 O = 1x2=2
The reactant that limits the amount of products formed or the one that yields the lower
amount of product is called the limiting reactant.

The other reactant that is not completely used up is the excess reactant.

The mole method approach is a useful way to determine the amount of products formed
in a chemical reaction. The efficiency of the reaction is measured by calculating the ratio
of actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100.

𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅
%𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅= ×𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅
Theoretical Yield
It is the amount of products that will be formed based on
calculation using the limiting reactant. The measured amount
of product actually obtained is the actual yield.

𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅
%𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅= ×𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅
Sample Problem
In a 78.0 g of methane () with 102. 0 g of oxygen ().

 Which is the limiting reactant?

 Calculate the mass of formed.

 Calculate the percent yield if 67.0 g of are actually obtained.

+ O+

C-1 C-1

H-4 H-2x2=4

O-2x2=4 O-2+2=4
Sample Problem
In a 78.0 g of methane () with 102. 0 g of oxygen ().

MOLECULAR MASSES:

ELEMENTS NO. OF MOLES ATOMIC MASSES PRODUCTS

C 1 x 12.01 = 12.01

H 4 x 1.01 = 4.04

TOTAL: 16.05 g/mol

ELEMENTS NO. OF MOLES ATOMIC MASSES PRODUCTS

O 2 x 16.00 = 32.00 g/mol

ELEMENTS NO. OF MOLES ATOMIC MASSES PRODUCTS

C 1 x 12.01 = 12.01

O 2 x 16.00 = 32.00 g/mol

TOTAL: 44.01 g/mol

In a 78.0 g of methane () with 102. 0 g of oxygen ().
In a 78.0 g of methane () with 102. 0 g of oxygen ().
LIMITING REACTANT: , EXCESS REACTANT:
The mass of formed (theoretical yield) is 70.1 g
Conversion of mass/mole based on the Limiting Reactant
 Convert the mol based on the limiting reactant.

Step 1: Get the Molar Mass of .

ELEMENTS NO. OF MOLES ATOMIC MASSES PRODUCTS

C 1 x 12.01 = 12.01

O 2 x 16.00 = 32.00 g/mol

TOTAL: 44.01 g/mol

Step 2: Convert now the mass of based on its limiting reactant.

Limiting reactant x = mol of

70.1 g x = 3 085.10 mol

THANK YOU!