Intro to Stoichiometry

Ismailia STEM High school | Chemistry Club | CH.1.10

 Learning outcome Key Concepts:
Ten 1. Stoichiometry
G10 Telegram channel
Chemistry club (s’25) 2. Mole
Materials drive: chem.club PPTs 22/23
3. Molar mass

4. Standard temperature and pressure (STP)

5. Dimensional analysis (unit conversions)

6. Percentage yield

7. Limiting reagent
Important Preface

This work is presented by STEM Ismailia chemistry club to help students in their
studying; however, this file and all other files are not some kind of making the work
easy for you, but to make it such harder.

Our main target not to make studying easy but to make it rich, files are made
depending on a lot of different references not only Zumdahl and some videos. Files
we made were provided by huge content and a lot of information that maybe out of
the learning outcomes however, we are working for your knowledge not making you
pass the exam with the best marks, if you do not want to work with this philosophy
just skip slides you see not important.

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What is
Stoichiometry?
Is a part of chemistry that involves
the study of quantities of
substance ( reactant or product or
both ) that take part in chemical
reaction.

Another definition

Is quantitive relationship in terms

of moles, mass, molecules &
volume in balanced chemical
between reactants and products.
 To solve stoichiometry problems:
You should Know :
1. How to balance a chemical equation
2. Converting mass to moles
3. Calculation of the molar mass and moles
Balancing equation: depend on atom conservation (atom in = atom out) & mass
conservation (mass in = mass out) .

 Examples:
2
1. CH4 + …O CO2 + …H22O
2

2. C H + …4.5O …CO3 +…H 3O

3 6 2 2 2
 Mole
Definition: is an unit to express of a specific number of thing (amount of substance)
 The number equal to the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure 12C.
 1 mole of something consists of 6.022 × 1023 units of that substance (Avogadro’s number).
 1 mole C = 6.022 × 1023 C atoms = 12.01 g C

What is the number of moles in Mg,O2 and MgO ?

2Mg + 2Mg
O2 Mg has 2 moles O
O2
O2 has 1 mole
Remark: Molecular or atomic weight or atomic mass = Molar mass

Molar mass : Summation of atomic mass of all elements in compound

 Note: Since oxygen occurs naturally as a diatomic, O 2, the molar mass of oxygen
gas is 2 times 16.00 g or 32.00 g/mol.

 Example : Given ( CU 63.5 , S 32 , O 16, H 1, C 12)

 Co2 12 + (16 x 2) = 44 g/mol
 C6H12O6 (6 x 12) + (12 x 1) + (16 x 6) = 180 g
 Mg(NO3)2 /mol
24.31 + 2(14.01 + 16.00 + 16.00 + 16.00) = 148.33 g/mol
 1 1
3.14 x

 Number moles of C5H12 (particles) = number of molecules / Avogadro's number

= 1.89 x 10*24 / 6.02 x 10*23 = 3.14 moles
 Make a cross multiplication to mole =
(3.14 x 1) / 1 = 3.14 moles
 The mass of the C5H8 =
3.14 × (12 x 5 +1 x 8) = 213.52 grams
5

93.52 x
153.31 97.95
 The mass of the POCl3 = density x volume

= 1.67 x 56= 93.52 g

 Calculate the mass of 1 mole of POCl3 from the equation =
1(mole) x (30.97+15.99+35.45 x 3)molar mass = 153.31 g
 Calculate the mass of 1 mole of H3PO4 from the equation =
1 (mole) x (1.008 x 3+30.97+15.99 x 4)molar mass = 97.95 g
 Make a cross multiplication to masses =
(97.95 x 93.52) / 153.31 = 59.75 g
 The volume of H3PO4 = mass/density
= 59.75/1.83 = 32.7 ml
 Note
 Types of question could be:
 Mass to mass
 Mole to mole
 Avogadro’s number
 Volume problem

• Don’t forget to balance the chemical equation

• You can look at videos of stoichiometry like :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnfATaoubzA
 Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

 STP is the abbreviation for Standard Temperature and Pressure. However, the "standard" is
defined differently by various groups.
 When we say a gas at STP this means it is in 0 C (TEMPERATURE) and 1 atm (PRESSURE).
 STP works only with gases not liquids or solids because their characteristics change
dramatically with temperature and pressure.
V (L)
 At STP : 1 mole of any gas = 22.4 Liters
 If you found moles of gas at STP No. of
22.4
 Number of moles × 22.4 = the volume (L) moles

 Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15

 Look at : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8e7T09SKZ0
 Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

1
1) What is the volume of 88.8 g of CO2 at STP? V (L)

Volume (L) = Number of moles 22.4

No. of
22.4
= moles
2) A sample of argon gas STP occupies 56.2 liters. Determine the
number of moles and the mass of argon and the mass of argon
in the sample.
Number of moles = Volume (L) / 22.4 Mass
=
No. of Molar
Mass = Number of moles Molar mass
moles mass
= 40 = 100.4 g
 Dimensional analysis (unit conversions)

Solution:

Look at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scmwmDVwGI0
 Percentage yield
• The amount of product you get from chemical reaction is called a yield.
• There are two types of yield:
Actual yield Theoretical yield
The amount that we get from an experiment The max amount of the product that produced
based on our calculations.

Ex: 2g of hydrogen +16g of oxygen = 15g of water Ex: 2g of hydrogen +16g of oxygen = 18g of water

• There are reasons that make the actual yield less than the theoretical yield:
 Impurities
 Reactants might not all react
 Side reaction
 Lose some product through the process
 1

16 g of caco3
(mass)

Mass = number of moles x the molar mass Mass = number of moles x the molar mass
Mass of CaCO3 = 1 x (40.078+12.011+15.99 x 3) = 100.059 g Mass of CaO = 1 x (40.078+15.99) = 56.068
g
100.059 56.0668
=
16 ?

The theoretical yield = (56.068 x 16) / 100.059 =

8.97 g
 The actual yield 7.54
----------------- x ----- x
100 100
The theoretical 8.97
The percentage yield =
Look at:
84.1 %
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqgO5bA55Ok
 Limiting reagent

 Definition : It is the first reactant that is used up (finished) in the chemical reaction
that make the reaction stop.
 Excess reactant : It is the reactant that is left over after the reaction stop
 There are two ways to determine the limiting reagent:

 One method is to find and compare the mole ratio of the reactants used in
the reaction (approach 1).
 Another way is to calculate the grams of products produced from the given
quantities of reactants; the reactant that produces the smallest amount of
product is the limiting reagent (approach 2).
 1

Look at:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZOVR8EMwRU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mlu_v8rE1TY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0dTXcoHI-I
 These pens managed to Made by:
spend their time and effort Salma El-Sayed
voluntarily in order to
accomplish this work. Kerolos Medhat

Under the supervision of:

Mrs. Noha Naguib
Thanks