UNIT 9: CHEMICAL

QUANTITIES

Mrs. Howland
CP Chemistry
Rev. March 2017
 UNIT 9 CHEMICAL QUANTITIES
Learners will be able to…
•  Define the mole and describe its importance
•  Identify Avogadro’s number and describe how it is related
to a mole of any substance
•  Define STP
•  Define and calculate the molar mass of atom s and
compounds
•  Convert among the number of particles, mass moles, and
volume of a substance using dimensional analysis and the
mole map
QUANTITATIVE MEASURE
•  Chemistry is a quantitative science
•  We care about the NUMBERS!!

1 DOZEN EGGS

1 PAIR SHOES

1 REAM PAPER

1 GROSS PENCILS

1 MOLE WATER

•  The MOLE is a counting unit

 The MOLE
WHAT IS BEING COUNTED?
PARTICLES
•  ATOMS
•  MOLECULES
•  COMPOUNDS (FORMULA UNIT)

6.02 x 1023 particles = 1 mole

1 mole iron = 6.02 x 1023 iron atoms

1 mole H2O = 6.02 x 1023 H2O molecules

1 mole NaCl = 6.02 x 1023 NaCl formula units

 The MOLE
6.02 x 1023 particles = 1 mole

AVOGADRO’S NUMBER

Where does that number come from?

A MOLE is the amount of substance that contains the same
amount of particles (atoms/molecules) as 12g of
CARBON-12
 AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
•  1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles
•  That’s 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

NOTE: A mole is abbreviated as ‘mol’ ~ i.e. 2 mol of NaCl

 COMPARING MOLES IS EASY
1 MOLE OXYGEN (O2) = 1 MOLE IRON (Fe) = 1 MOLE H2O

The AMOUNT OF PARTICLES IS THE SAME

FUN FACT:
One mole of $1 bills stacked one on
top of another would reach from the
Sun to Pluto and back 7.5 million
times!
COMPARING MASS
•  THINK ABOUT IT:

1 MOLE of BRICKS

1 MOLE of FEATHERS

Which has GREATER MASS?

1 mole of a substance A has the same NUMBER OF

PARTICLES as 1 mole of substance B, but NOT THE SAME
MASS!
MOLES AND PARTICLES
•  PARTICLES in 1 mole A = PARTICLES in 1 mole B
MOLES AND MASS
•  MASS 1 mole A ≠ MASS 1 mole B
MOLAR MASS
MOLAR MASS = The mass of 1 mole of a substance
Also called ‘molecular weight’ or ‘formula mass’

Use the atomic mass on your PERIODIC TABLE

UNITS are grams/mole (g/mol)

Molar mass of Magnesium = 24 g/mol

Molar mass of Carbon = 12 g/mol
MOLAR MASS OF
COMPOUND OR MOLECULE
•  Add up the molar mass of each element
•  Make sure you multiply each element’s mass by its
subscript:
MEASURING CHEMICAL QUANTITIES
•  MOLE
•  NUMBER OF PARTICLES
•  MASS
•  VOLUME

We can express the same AMOUNT of matter using different units

•  MOLE = MOLE
•  NUMBER OF PARTICLES (scientific notation)
•  MASS = GRAMS
•  VOLUME = LITERS

We can convert between units and still represent the same

AMOUNT (QUANTITY) of matter.
CONVERSION FACTORS
•  MASS, VOLUME, and NUMBER OF PARTICLES can all easily be
converted to MOLES.

•  Each conversion uses a CONVERSION FACTOR

Conversion factors are a ROADMAP for how to convert. They tell us:
•  To divide or multiply
•  What number to use
Using Conversion Factors
•  Each conversion factor describes the UNIT
RELATIONSHIPS.

•  Unit being converted TO goes on TOP (multiply!)

•  Unit being converted FROM goes on BOTTOM (divide!)
•  Units cancel
FACTORS FOR MOLE CONVERSIONS
•  1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles (atoms, molecules, compounds)

•  1 mole = molar mass of substance

•  1 mole = 22.4 L of gas at STP

MOLE MAP
•  Use this as a ROADMAP to determine the correct
conversion factor to use in mole conversion problems.
Converting Between
MOLES and PARTICLES
Converting Between
MOLES and MASS
•  REMEMBER: 1 mole = molar mass of substance

Use dimensional analysis to go from mass to mole:

Use dimensional analysis to go from mole to mass:

 FOR GASES
•  STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure
•  STP = 273 K (temperature) and 1 atm (pressure)

•  1 mole of ANY pure gas will ALWAYS occupy 22.4L of

volume at STP
Converting Between
MOLES and VOLUME
•  REMEMBER: 1 mole = 22.4 Liters of gas at STP

Use dimensional analysis to go from liters to mole:

20 L O2 x 1 mole at STP = 0.89 mole O2

22.4 Liters

Use dimensional analysis to go from mole to liters:

2.5 mol Cl2 x 22.4 Liters = 56 Liters Cl2

1 mole at STP
 MAKE A PLAN
•  How many atoms of Ni are in 22g?

1)  Identify KNOWN and UNKNOWN

atoms of Ni? 22g Ni

1)  DRAW A PLAN:

2)  Fill in conversion factors

22g Ni x 1 mole x 6.02 x 1023 atoms Ni

59 g Ni 1 mole

1) Calculate
22g Ni x 1 mole x 6.02 x 1023 atoms Ni = 1.1 x 1026 atoms Ni
59 g Ni 1 mole
 When you can’t convert directly …
•  You will need more than 1 conversion factor.
•  Line them up.
•  Multiply across.
•  Then divide by each denominator.